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Hussain MS, Altamimi ASA, Afzal M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Saleem S, Prasher P, Oliver B, Singh SK, MacLoughlin R, Dua K, Gupta G. From carcinogenesis to therapeutic avenues: lncRNAs and mTOR crosstalk in lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155015. [PMID: 38103364 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to have a crucial function in the modulation of the activity of genes, impacting a variety of homeostatic processes involving growth, survival, movement, and genomic consistency. Certain lncRNAs' aberrant expression has been linked to carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and therapeutic resistance. They are beneficial for the management of malignancies since they can function as cancer-causing or cancer-suppressing genes and behave as screening or prognosis indicators. The modulation of the tumor microenvironment, metabolic modification, and spread have all been linked to lncRNAs in lung cancer. Recent research has indicated that lncRNAs may interact with various mTOR signalling systems to control expression in lung cancer. Furthermore, the route can affect how lncRNAs are expressed. Emphasizing the function of lncRNAs as crucial participants in the mTOR pathway, the current review intends to examine the interactions between the mTOR cascade and the advancement of lung cancer. The article will shed light on the roles and processes of a few lncRNAs associated with the development of lung cancer, as well as their therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- ōDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Saleem
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Brian Oliver
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie university, Sydney, NSW, 2137
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster D02 PN40, Ireland; Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India.
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2
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Sun D, Gong L, Wang X, Chen S, Yi J, Liu X. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Promote the Occurrence and Development of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting miR-615-5p. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1854-1864. [PMID: 37300504 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) may be prone to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but there is still a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism so far. This study intended to clarify the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miR-615-5p in this process. METHODS This experiment first detected miR-615-5p expressions in paraffin-embedded sections of colonic tissues from patients with UC and CAC. Then, we investigated the mechanism through which pro-inflammatory cytokines affected miR-615-5p. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify how miR-615-5p affected colorectal cancer (CRC). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was then employed to identify the targeting relationship between miR-615-5p and stanniocalcin-1 (STC1). RESULTS The miR-615-5p was lowly expressed in both cancerous and noncancerous colonic tissues of patients with CAC. Pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulated miR-615-5p expression. Overexpression of miR-615-5p reduced the proliferation and migration of CRC cells and had a certain therapeutic effect on in human CRC xenograft mice. Stanniocalcin-1 was identified to be a target gene of miR-615-5p and was involved in the effect of miR-615-5p on CRC. CONCLUSIONS During the progression from UC to CAC, pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulate miR-615-5p, which may induce the upregulation of STC1, and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. These findings offer new insights into the mechanism of CAC and may indicate novel tumor markers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingqi Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Sun W, Liu R, Gao X, Lin Z, Tang H, Cui H, Zhao E. Targeting serine-glycine-one-carbon metabolism as a vulnerability in cancers. Biomark Res 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37147729 PMCID: PMC10161514 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine-glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) metabolic pathway is critical for DNA methylation, histone methylation, and redox homeostasis, in addition to protein, lipid, and nucleotide biosynthesis. The SGOC pathway is a crucial metabolic network in tumorigenesis, wherein the outputs are required for cell survival and proliferation and are particularly likely to be co-opted by aggressive cancers. SGOC metabolism provides an integration point in cell metabolism and is of crucial clinical significance. The mechanism of how this network is regulated is the key to understanding tumor heterogeneity and overcoming the potential mechanism of tumor recurrence. Herein, we review the role of SGOC metabolism in cancer by focusing on key enzymes with tumor-promoting functions and important products with physiological significance in tumorigenesis. In addition, we introduce the ways in which cancer cells acquire and use one-carbon unit, and discuss the recently clarified role of SGOC metabolic enzymes in tumorigenesis and development, as well as their relationship with cancer immunotherapy and ferroptosis. The targeting of SGOC metabolism may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcomes in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zini Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Hu Q, Li Y, Li D, Yuan Y, Wang K, Yao L, Cheng Z, Han T. Amino acid metabolism regulated by lncRNAs: the propellant behind cancer metabolic reprogramming. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:87. [PMID: 37127605 PMCID: PMC10152737 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of cancer cells and plays pivotal role in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Amino acid is one of the key nutrients for cancer cells and many studies have focused on the regulation of amino acid metabolism, including the genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, transcription, translation and post-translational modification of key enzymes in amino acid metabolism. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are composed of a heterogeneous group of RNAs with transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs can bind to biological molecules such as DNA, RNA and protein, regulating the transcription, translation and post-translational modification of target genes. Now, the functions of lncRNAs in cancer metabolism have aroused great research interest and significant progress has been made. This review focuses on how lncRNAs participate in the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in cancer cells, especially glutamine, serine, arginine, aspartate, cysteine metabolism. This will help us to better understand the regulatory mechanism of cancer metabolic reprogramming and provide new ideas for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Hu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, Nanchang City, 330200, Jiangxi, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Nanchang Vocational University, Nanchang City, 330500, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keru Wang
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Yao
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhujun Cheng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, Nanchang City, 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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Yang W, Lyu Y, Xiang R, Yang J. Long Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416054. [PMID: 36555704 PMCID: PMC9785789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), designated as the blunted response of insulin target tissues to physiological level of insulin, plays crucial roles in the development and progression of diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other diseases. So far, the distinct mechanism(s) of IR still needs further exploration. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of non-protein coding RNA molecules with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs are widely involved in many biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. More recently, there has been increasing evidence that lncRNAs participated in the pathogenesis of IR, and the dysregulated lncRNA profile played important roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes and NAFLD. For example, the lncRNAs MEG3, H19, MALAT1, GAS5, lncSHGL and several other lncRNAs have been shown to regulate insulin signaling and glucose/lipid metabolism in various tissues. In this review, we briefly introduced the general features of lncRNA and the methods for lncRNA research, and then summarized and discussed the recent advances on the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in IR, particularly focused on liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yixiang Lyu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-Coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-Coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-Coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Huang YJ, Huang CJ. Construction of a 5 immune-related lncRNA-based prognostic model of NSCLC via bioinformatics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27222. [PMID: 34664861 PMCID: PMC8448051 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Participate in tumorigenic, oncogenic, and tumor suppressive pathways through gene expression regulation. We aimed to build an immune-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prognostic model to enhance nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognostic prediction.The original data were collected from the cancer genome atlas database. Perl and R software were used for statistical analysis. The effects of lncRNAs expression on prognosis were analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. Silico functional analysis were performed by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources.The median risk score as a dividing value separated patients into high- and low-risk groups. These 2 groups had different 5-year survival rates, median survival times, and immune statuses. The 5-lncRNA signature was validated as an independent prognostic factor with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic = 0.722). Silico functional analysis connected the lncRNAs with immune-related biological processes and pathways in carcinogenesis.The novel immune-related lncRNA prognostic model had significant clinical implication for enhancing lung adenocarcinoma outcome prediction and guiding the choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-jie Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chang-jie Huang
- Undergraduate of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zeng Y, Zhang J, Xu M, Chen F, Zi R, Yue J, Zhang Y, Chen N, Chin YE. Roles of Mitochondrial Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) in Human Carcinogenesis. J Cancer 2021; 12:5888-5894. [PMID: 34476002 PMCID: PMC8408114 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, cellular metabolic reprogramming has been acknowledged as a hallmark of human cancer and evaluated for its crucial role in supporting the proliferation and survival of human cancer cells. In a variety of human tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a large amount of carbon is reused in serine/glycine biosynthesis, accompanied by higher expression of the key glycine synthetic enzyme mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2). This enzyme can convert serine into glycine and a tetrahydrofolate-bound one-carbon unit, ultimately supporting thymidine synthesis and purine synthesis and promoting tumour growth. In tumour samples, elevated expression of SHMT2 was found to be associated with poor prognosis. In this review, the pivotal roles of SHMT2 in human carcinogenesis are described, highlighting the underlying regulatory mechanisms through promotion of tumour progression. In conclusion, SHMT2 may serve as a prognostic marker and a target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxian Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruidong Zi
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Xie M, Pei DS. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2: a novel target for human cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1671-1681. [PMID: 34215932 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serine and glycine are the primary sources of one-carbon units that are vital for cell proliferation. Their abnormal metabolism is known to be associated with cancer progression. As the key enzyme of serine metabolism, Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) has been a research hotspot in recent years. SHMT2 is a PLP-dependent tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transition from serine to glycine, thus promoting the production of one-carbon units that are indispensable for cell growth and regulation of the redox and epigenetic states of cells. Under a hypoxic environment, SHMT2 can be upregulated and could promote the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione for maintaining the redox balance. Accumulating evidence confirmed that SHMT2 facilitates cell proliferation and tumor growth and is tightly associated with poor prognosis. In this review, we present insights into the function and research development of SHMT2 and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of SHMT2 in promoting tumor growth, in the hope that it could provide clues to more effective clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Liu K, Ma R. MicroRNA-615-5p regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells by targeting HSF1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:192. [PMID: 33488801 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, which commonly occurs in the epithelium of the mammary gland, is a malignant tumor. MicroRNAs are involved in various cancer-associated processes, and microRNA-615-5p has been identified to be decreased in the pathological tissues from patients with breast cancer. In the present study, the possible mechanism of microRNA-615-5p in the progression of breast cancer was investigated in order to identify potential novel targets for clinical treatment. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) was identified as a predictive target gene of microRNA-615-5p using TargetScan analysis. The expression levels of microRNA-615-5p and its target gene, HSF1, were measured in breast cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissues. Additionally, the effects of microRNA-615-5p on MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth and apoptosis were examined. Furthermore, the interaction between HSF1 and microRNA-615-5p was investigated by a dual luciferase gene reporter assay. The expression levels of HSF1 were measured following transfection with microRNA-615-5p or pcDNA3.1-HSF1. Finally, the expression levels of proliferation- and apoptosis-associated factors such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) were determined. The results demonstrated that lower microRNA-615-5p expression and higher HSF1 mRNA expression were present in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P<0.01). HSF1 was verified as a direct target of microRNA-615-5p using the dual luciferase gene reporter assay. In comparison with untransfected control and mimic-transfected negative control (NC) cells, MCF-7 cells transfected with microRNA-615-5p mimics exhibited reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis (P<0.01). However, the overexpression of HSF1 using a vector reversed the suppression of HSF1 induced by microRNA-615-5p mimics (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax were significantly increased, whereas those of Bcl-2, cyclin D1 and PCNA were decreased in the cells transfected with microRNA-615-5p mimics compared with the control and NC cells (P<0.01). Collectively, the present study indicated that microRNA-615-5p may mediate the progression of breast cancer by targeting HSF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Cai L, Xue Y, Ding J, Zheng B. Long Non-Coding RNA AC118344.1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis via AKT2 and Its Downstream Molecules HK2 and MMP2. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12613-12621. [PMID: 33324106 PMCID: PMC7733388 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s281608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly occurring cancer with poor prognosis. Reports indicate that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) potentially regulates tumor progression. Herein, we aim to explore the effect of LncRNA AC118344.1 on the progression of gastric cancer. Methods Overexpression and knockout experiments were used to clarify the potential molecular signaling mechanisms induced by AC118344.1. CCK-8, transwell and in vivo metastasis assay were used to detect the function of AC118344.1 in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. Additionally, shRNA silencing techniques, qRT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to explore the relationship between AC118344.1, AKT2, and its downstream molecules. Results Upregulating the expression of AC118344.1 induces cell proliferation, invasion in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo whereas downregulating the expression of AC118344.1 inhibits these effects. Besides, silencing the expression of AC118344.1 downregulated the expression of AKT2 in both the two cells. On the other hand, silencing the expression of AKT2 by shRNA was unable to downregulate the expression of AC118344.1 in both the gastric cancer cells. Also, AC118344.1 regulated AKT2 via its downstream molecules including HK2 and MMP2. Conclusion AC118344.1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion and lung metastasis in nude mice by upregulating the expression of AKT2 and its downstream molecules (HK2 and MMP2). Therefore, our findings provide a novel mechanism of the AC118344.1-AKT2-HK2/MMP2 axis in regulating the development of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangji Xue
- Huanglong Science and Education Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzu Ding
- Huanglong Science and Education Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Huanglong Science and Education Center, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted exosomal miR-423-5p promotes chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer by targeting GREM2 through the TGF-β signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1809-1822. [PMID: 33144675 PMCID: PMC8080786 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic failure in prostate cancer (PC) is believed to result from its unusually invasive and metastatic nature. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential in the tumor microenvironment. We intended to study the role of CAF-derived exosomes in the context of PC and the potential regulatory mechanism associated with miR-423-5p and GREM2. CAF-derived exosomes decreased the chemosensitivity of parental PC cells and enhanced the drug resistance of drug-resistant cells. PC-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes carrying miR-423-5p increased the resistance of PC to taxane by inhibiting GREM2 through the TGF-β pathway. Inhibition of the TGF-β pathway partially reversed the increased drug resistance in PC cells induced by CAF-derived exosomes. Inhibition of miR-423-5p enhanced the drug sensitivity of PC cells in vivo. We showed that CAF-secreted exosomal miR-423-5p promoted chemotherapy resistance in PC by targeting GREM2 through the TGF-β pathway. This study may allow the development of novel approaches for PC.
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Zhou SZ, Li H, Wang ZW, Wang MH, Li N, Wang YF. LncRNA TSLNC8 synergizes with EGFR inhibitor osimertinib to inhibit lung cancer tumorigenesis by blocking the EGFR-STAT3 pathway. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2776-2792. [PMID: 33064977 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1820697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of lncRNA TSLNC8 and its synergetic effects with osimertinib remain unknown in lung cancer. qRT-PCR or western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of TSLNC8, EGFR and STAT3. Colony formation and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to assess migration and invasion abilities. Flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis. Nude mice subcutaneous tumor model was constructed and used for validating the effects of TSLNC8 and osimertinib in vivo. Expression of TSLNC8 was down-regulated in clinical lung cancer tissues and cell lines. TSLNC8 overexpression or osimertinib administration led to promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as deactivation of the EGFR-STAT3 pathway, whereas TSLNC8 knockdown had opposite effects. Moreover, the above effects of osimertinib were remarkably enhanced by TSLNC8 overexpression and inhibited by TSLNC8 knockdown, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of TSLNC8 overexpression were reversed by STAT3 activation or EGFR overexpression. In the animal model, combination of TSLNC8 overexpression and osimertinib administration resulted in efficient suppression of tumor growth. In this study, we revealed a TSLNC8-EGFR-STAT3 signaling axis in lung cancer, and TSLNC8 overexpression significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effects of osimertinib via inhibiting EGFR-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, P. R China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, P. R China
| | - Zhi-Wan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, P. R China
| | - Ming-Hang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, P. R China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, P. R China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, P. R China
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Sun L, Wang P, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Xu Z, Li S, Mao J. MicroRNA-615 functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma through the suppression of HK2. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:226. [PMID: 32968448 PMCID: PMC7500052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the regulatory mechanisms of various microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been elucidated in human cancers including osteosarcoma (OS). This study mainly focused on the role of miR-615 in OS, which has not yet been reported. Ninety-two OS tissues and normal samples were used in this study. Human osteoblast hFOB1.19 cells and OS cell line HOS were utilized to detect the expression of miR-615. The expression of miR-615 and gene expression were assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Transwell, MTT and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR-615 in OS. The results revealed that miR-615 expression was reduced in OS tissues and cells, and was associated with poor clinical outcomes and prognosis in OS patients. In addition, overexpression of miR-615 restrained cell viability and metastasis in OS. Furthermore, hexokinase 2 (HK2) was confirmed as a direct target of miR-615. Upregulation of HK2 was detected in OS tissues. The upregulation of HK2 weakened the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-615 in OS. Moreover, miR-615 blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway in OS. To conclude, miR-615 acts as a tumor suppressor in OS, thus miR-615 can be used as a target for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Junsheng Mao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taishan Hospital of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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Long Non-Coding RNAs as Strategic Molecules to Augment the Radiation Therapy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186787. [PMID: 32947897 PMCID: PMC7576487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance to ionizing radiation is the major impediment in the treatment and clinical management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), leading to tumor relapse and poor prognosis. Although several biological and molecular mechanisms are responsible for resistance to radiotherapy in ESCC, the molecule(s) involved in predicting radiotherapy response and prognosis are still lacking, thus requiring a detailed understanding. Recent studies have demonstrated an imperative correlation amongst several long non-coding RNAs and their involvement in complex cellular networks like DNA damage and repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, accumulating evidence has suggested abnormal expression of lncRNAs in malignant tumor cells before and after radiotherapy effects in tumor cells' sensitivity. Thus, lncRNAs indeed represent unique molecules that can influence tumor cell susceptibility for various clinical interventions. On this note, herein, we have summarized the current status of lncRNAs in augmenting resistance/sensitivity in ESCC against radiotherapy. In addition, we have also discussed various strategies to increase the radiosensitivity in ESCC cells under clinical settings.
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15
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miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071566. [PMID: 32605009 PMCID: PMC7408929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as epigenetic modulators regulating almost any gene expression. Similarly, other noncoding RNAs, as well as epigenetic modifications, can regulate miRNAs. This reciprocal interaction forms a miRNA-epigenetic feedback loop, the deregulation of which affects physiological processes and contributes to a great diversity of diseases. In the present review, we focus on miR-615, a miRNA highly conserved across eutherian mammals. It is involved not only during embryogenesis in the regulation of growth and development, for instance during osteogenesis and angiogenesis, but also in the regulation of cell growth and the proliferation and migration of cells, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. It therefore serves as a biomarker for several types of cancer, and recently has also been found to be involved in reparative processes and neural repair. In addition, we present the pleiad of functions in which miR-615 is involved, as well as their multiple target genes and the multiple regulatory molecules involved in its own expression. We do this by introducing in a comprehensible way the reported knowledge of their actions and interactions and proposing an integral view of its regulatory mechanisms.
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Zhang J, Shi K, Huang W, Weng W, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Deng T, Xiang Y, Ni X, Chen B, Zhou M. The DNA methylation profile of non-coding RNAs improves prognosis prediction for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 31049029 PMCID: PMC6480888 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compelling lines of evidence indicate that DNA methylation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) plays critical roles in various tumour progression. In addition, the differential methylation of ncRNAs can predict prognosis of patients. However, little is known about the clear relationship between DNA methylation profile of ncRNAs and the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) patients. Methods The data of DNA methylation, RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and clinical features of PAC patients were collected from TCGA database. The DNA methylation profile was obtained using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. LASSO regression was performed to construct two methylation-based classifiers. The risk score of methylation-based classifiers was calculated for each patient, and the accuracy of the classifiers in predicting overall survival (OS) was examined by ROC curve analysis. In addition, Cox regression models were utilized to assess whether clinical variables and the classifiers were independent prognostic factors for OS. The targets of miRNA and the genes co-expressed with lncRNA were identified with DIANA microT-CDS and the Multi-Experiment Matrix (MEM), respectively. Moreover, DAVID Bioinformatics Resources were applied to analyse the functional enrichment of these targets and co-expressed genes. Results A total of 4004 CpG sites of miRNA and 11,259 CpG sites of lncRNA were screened. Among these CpG sites, 8 CpG sites of miRNA and 7 CpG sites of lncRNA were found with regression coefficients. By multiplying the sum of methylation degrees of the selected CpGs with these coefficients, two methylation-based classifiers were constructed. The classifiers have shown good performance in predicting the survival rate of PAC patients at varying follow-up times. Interestingly, both of these two classifiers were predominant and independent factors for OS. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that aberrantly methylated miRNAs and lncRNAs are related to calcium ion transmembrane transport and MAPK, Ras and calcium signalling pathways. Conclusion In the present study, we identified two methylation-based classifiers of ncRNA associated with OS in PAC patients through a comprehensive analysis of miRNA and lncRNA profiles. We are the first group to demonstrate a relationship between the aberrant DNA methylation of ncRNAs and the prognosis of PAC, and this relationship would contribute to individualized PAC therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0828-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Shi
- 2Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Weng
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjing Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Deng
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Xiang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ni
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China.,2Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
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