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Abd Elhameed HAH, Attia MS, Mohamed AAA, Alexeree SMI, Behery EIE, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Di Cerbo A, Azzam MM, Mawed SA. The Role of Phthalocyanine-Gold Nanoconjugates (Pc-Au NCs) in Ameliorating the Hepatic and Renal Toxicity-Induced by Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in Male Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04209-1. [PMID: 38739260 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, gold nanoparticles (Au Nps) have gained tremendous attention for its unique properties as a safe nanocarrier for delivering drugs that are used in different disease diagnoses. Although silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been generally applied due to their strong antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties, their toxicity is a subject of sustained debate, thus requiring further studies. The present study aims to evaluate the potential protective effect of gold nanoparticles and phthalocyanine-gold nanoconjugates (Pc-Au NCs) against the hepatorenal toxicity of silver nanoparticles in male rats. Herein, 60 adult male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into six equal groups (n = 10/group); the first group was kept as control, the second received gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) intraperitoneally (10 µg/kg) daily for 3 weeks, the third group is gold-phthalocyanine (Pc-Au) group where rats were injected intraperitoneally with gold-phthalocyanine for 3 weeks (10 µg/kg), the fourth group received silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (4 mg/kg) daily intraperitoneally for 3 weeks, the fifth group is silver + gold nanoparticles group (Ag + Au), and the sixth is silver + gold-phthalocyanine nanoconjugates (Ag + Pc-Au) group in which rats were intraperitoneally injected firstly with Ag NPs (4 mg/kg) for 3 weeks then with gold or gold-phthalocyanine for another 3 weeks (10 µg/kg). Our results revealed that Ag NPs could increase the serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, and lipid profile and significantly decreased the total protein and albumin. Moreover, histopathological alterations detected in the kidney and the liver of the Ag NPs group included vascular congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue distortion. Alongside, exposure to Ag NPs induces hepatic and renal oxidative stress by suppressing the antioxidant-related genes including glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx1), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat). Ag NPs also upregulated the hepatic and renal genes involved in inflammation such as the interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κβ), apoptosis such as the BCL2 associated X (bax), casp3, and other related to metabolism including asparagine synthetase (asns), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (socs3), MYC proto-oncogene (myc), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2). On the other hand, treatment with Au NPs and Pc-Au NCs could effectively ameliorate the hepatorenal damages induced by Ag NPs and improve liver and kidney architecture and function, especially in the Pc-Au NCs group. Briefly, our study revealed the underlined mechanism of Ag NPs hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects and that Pc-Au NCs could alleviate these adverse impacts via their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A H Abd Elhameed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mai S Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amira A A Mohamed
- Department of Animal Production, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M I Alexeree
- Department of Laser Application in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I El Behery
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan Attia Mawed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Ouyang X, He Z, Fang H, Zhang H, Yin Q, Hu L, Gao F, Yin H, Hao T, Hou Y, Wu Q, Deng J, Xu J, Wang Y, Chen C. A protein encoded by circular ZNF609 RNA induces acute kidney injury by activating the AKT/mTOR-autophagy pathway. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1722-1738. [PMID: 36110046 PMCID: PMC10277836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the function and mechanism of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the regulation of autophagy in ischemic AKI remain unexplored. Herein, we find that circ-ZNF609, originating from the ZNF609 locus, is highly expressed in the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion injury, and urinary circ-ZNF609 is a moderate predictor for AKI in heart disease patients. Overexpression of circ-ZNF609 can activate AKT3/mTOR signaling and induce autophagy flux impairment and cell apoptosis while inhibiting proliferation in HK-2 cells, which is blocked by silencing circ-ZNF609. Mechanistically, circ-ZNF609 encodes a functional protein consisting of 250 amino acids (aa), termed ZNF609-250aa, the overexpression of which can activate AKT3/mTOR signaling and induce autophagy flux impairment and cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells in vitro and in AKI kidneys in vivo. The blockade of AKT and mTOR signaling with pharmacological inhibitors is capable of reversing ZNF609-250aa-induced autophagy flux impairment and cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells. The present study demonstrates that highly expressed circ-ZNF609-encoded ZNF609-250aa induces cell apoptosis and AKI by impairing the autophagy flux via an AKT/mTOR-dependent mechanism. These findings imply that targeting circ-ZNF609 may be a novel therapy for ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ouyang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimei He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Yin
- CookGene Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China; Forevergen Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Linhui Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China; Department of Scientific Research Center, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- CookGene Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China; Forevergen Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yin
- CookGene Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China; Forevergen Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Taofang Hao
- CookGene Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China; Forevergen Biosciences Center, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong, China
| | - Yating Hou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingrui Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Y, Liu S, Liu Q, Lv Y. The Interaction of Central Nervous System and Acute Kidney Injury: Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspectives. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826686. [PMID: 35309079 PMCID: PMC8931545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disorder in critically ill hospitalized patients. Its main pathological feature is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This disease shows a high fatality rate. The reason is that only renal replacement therapy and supportive care can reduce the impact of the disease, but those measures cannot significantly improve the mortality. This review focused on a generalization of the interaction between acute kidney injury and the central nervous system (CNS). It was found that the CNS further contributes to kidney injury by regulating sympathetic outflow and oxidative stress in response to activation of the RAS and increased pro-inflammatory factors. Experimental studies suggested that inhibiting sympathetic activity and RAS activation in the CNS and blocking oxidative stress could effectively reduce the damage caused by AKI. Therefore, it is of significant interest to specify the mechanism on how the CNS affects AKI, as we could use such mechanism as a target for clinical interventions to further reduce the mortality and improve the complications of AKI. Systematic Review Registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingquan Liu,
| | - Yongman Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bai Y, Zhang H, Wu Z, Huang S, Luo Z, Wu K, Hu L, Chen C. Use of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Analyze Urinary Metabolome Alterations Following Acute Kidney Injury in Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 24:31-40. [PMID: 35252948 PMCID: PMC8892161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac surgery-associated AKI results in dramatic changes in urinary metabolome. Urinary metabolite disorder observed in patients with cardiac surgery-associated AKI. When metaboloite disorder was due to ischaemia and medical treatment, kidneys could return to normal. This work provides data about urinary metabolic profiles and resources for further research on AKI.
Background Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) can increase the mortality and morbidity, and the incidence of chronic kidney disease, in critically ill survivors. The purpose of this research was to investigate possible links between urinary metabolic changes and cardiac surgery-associated AKI. Methods Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, non-targeted metabolomics was performed on urinary samples collected from groups of patients with cardiac surgery-associated AKI at different time points, including Before_AKI (uninjured kidney), AKI_Day1 (injured kidney) and AKI_Day14 (recovered kidney) groups. The data among the three groups were analyzed by combining multivariate and univariate statistical methods, and urine metabolites related to AKI in patients after cardiac surgery were screened. Altered metabolic pathways associated with cardiac surgery-induced AKI were identified by examining the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Results The secreted urinary metabolome of the injured kidney can be well separated from the urine metabolomes of uninjured or recovered patients using multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. However, urine samples from the AKI_Day14 and Before_AKI groups cannot be distinguished using either of the two statistical analyses. Nearly 4000 urinary metabolites were identified through bioinformatics methods at Annotation Levels 1–4. Several of these differential metabolites may also perform essential biological functions. Differential analysis of the urinary metabolome among groups was also performed to provide potential prognostic indicators and changes in signalling pathways. Compared with the uninjured kidney group, the patients with cardiac surgery-associated AKI displayed dramatic changes in renal metabolism, including sulphur metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Conclusions Urinary metabolite disorder was observed in patients with cardiac surgery-associated AKI due to ischaemia and medical treatment, and the recovered patients’ kidneys were able to return to normal. This work provides data on urine metabolite markers and essential resources for further research on AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Bai
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sumei Huang
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
- Biological Resource Center of Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Zhidan Luo
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Kunyong Wu
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
- Biological Resource Center of Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Linhui Hu
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming 525000, China.
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Hu L, Gao L, Zhang D, Hou Y, He LL, Zhang H, Liang Y, Xu J, Chen C. The incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery: a prospective observational study. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:42. [PMID: 35065624 PMCID: PMC8782702 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without sufficient evidence in postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery, it is meaningful to explore the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of postoperative AKI. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in the general intensive care units (ICUs) from January 2014 to March 2018. Variables about preoperation, intraoperation and postoperation were collected. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. RESULTS Among 383 critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery, 151 (39.4%) patients developed postoperative AKI. Postoperative reoperation, postoperative Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and postoperative serum lactic acid (LAC) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI, with the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) of 1.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.091-3.152), 1.059 (95%CI, 1.018-1.102), and 1.239 (95%CI, 1.047-1.467), respectively. Compared with the non-AKI group, duration of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, ICU and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, total ICU and hospital costs were higher in the AKI group. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative reoperation, postoperative APACHE II score, and postoperative LAC were independent risk factors of postoperative AKI in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Maoming People’s Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong China
| | - Lu Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Danqing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China
| | - Yating Hou
- Department of Oncology, Maoming People’s Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong China
| | - Lin Ling He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yufan Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Dadao Middle, Guangzhou, 510280 China
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Assessment of 17 clinically available renal biomarkers to predict acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. J Transl Int Med 2021; 9:273-284. [PMID: 35136726 PMCID: PMC8802406 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background:
Systematic estimation of renal biomarkers in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients is lacking. Seventeen biomarkers were assessed to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) after admission to ICU.
Materials and methods:
A prospective, observational study was conducted in the general ICU of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Seventeen serum or urine biomarkers were studied for their abilities alone or in combination for predicting AKI and severe AKI.
Results:
Of 1498 patients, 376 (25.1%) developed AKI. Serum cystatin C (CysC) showed the best performance for predicting both AKI (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.785, mean square error [MSE] = 0.118) and severe AKI (AUC = 0.883, MSE = 0.06). Regarding biomarkers combinations, CysC plus N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase-to-creatinine ratio (NAG/Cr) was the best for predicting AKI (AUC = 0.856, MSE = 0.21). At the same time, CysC plus lactic acid (LAC) performed the best for predicting severe AKI (AUC = 0.907, MSE = 0.058). Regarding combinations of biomarkers and clinical markers, CysC plus Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score showed the best performance for predicting AKI (AUC = 0.868, MSE = 0.407). In contrast, CysC plus Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) had the highest predictive ability for severe AKI (AUC = 0.912, MSE = 0.488).
Conclusion:
Apart from CysC, the combination of most clinically available biomarkers or clinical markers does not significantly improve the forecasting ability, and the cost–benefit ratio is not economical.
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Angiotensin II type 1a receptor loss ameliorates chronic tubulointerstitial damage after renal ischemia reperfusion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:982. [PMID: 33441837 PMCID: PMC7806698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate whether suppressing the activation of the angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1a) can ameliorate severe chronic tubulointerstitial damage (TID) after renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) using AT1a knockout homozygous (AT1a−/−) male mice. To induce severe chronic TID after renal IR, unilateral renal ischemia was performed via clamping of the right renal pedicle in both AT1a−/− and wild-type (AT1a+/+) mice for 45 min. While marked renal atrophy and severe TID at 70 days postischemia was induced in the AT1a+/+ mice, such a development was not provoked in the AT1a−/− mice. Although the AT1a+/+ mice were administered hydralazine to maintain the same systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels as the AT1a−/− mice with lower SBP levels, hydralazine did not reproduce the renoprotective effects observed in the AT1a−/− mice. Acute tubular injury at 3 days postischemia was similar between the AT1a−/− mice and the AT1a+/+ mice. From our investigations using IR kidneys at 3, 14, and 28 days postischemia, the multiple molecular mechanisms may be related to prevention of severe chronic TID postischemia in the AT1a−/− mice. In conclusion, inactivation of the AT1 receptor may be useful in preventing the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
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Establishment and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Tigecycline in Critically Ill Patients. Int J Anal Chem 2020; 2020:6671392. [PMID: 33456470 PMCID: PMC7785388 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6671392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing tigecycline-d9 as an internal standard (IS), we establish and validate a simple, effective, and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative measurement of tigecycline (TGC) in patient plasma. Acetonitrile was used as a precipitant to process plasma samples by a protein precipitation method. The analyte and IS were separated on an HSS T3 (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) chromatographic column using isocratic program with a mobile phase comprising of 80% solvent A (water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) with 5 mM ammonium acetate) and 20% solvent B (acetonitrile) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mass spectrometer, scanning in multireaction monitoring (MRM) mode and using an electrospray ion source (ESI), operated in the positive-ion mode. The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 586.4 ⟶ 513.3 and m/z 595.5 ⟶ 514.3 for TGC and the IS, respectively. The range of the linear calibration curve obtained with this approach was 50–5000 ng/ml. Intra- and interbatch precision for TGC quantitation were less than 7.2%, and the accuracy ranged from 93.4 to 101.8%. The IS-normalized matrix effect was 87 to 104%. Due to its high precision and accuracy, this novel method allows for fast quantitation of TGC with a total analysis time of 2 min. This approach was effectively applied to study the pharmacokinetics of TGC in critically ill adult patients.
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