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Zhu X, Wang B, Yu H, Li C, Zhao Y, Zhong Y, Tang W, Zhou Y, Huang X, Zhu H, Wu Y, Yang K, Wei Y, Gao Z, Dong J. Icariin attenuates asthmatic airway inflammation via modulating alveolar macrophage activation based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3718. [PMID: 38979822 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) inhibits inflammatory response in various diseases, but the mechanism underlying ICA treating airway inflammation in asthma needs further understood. We aimed to predict and validate the potential targets of ICA against asthma-associated airway inflammation using network pharmacology and experiments. METHODS The ovalbumin-induced asthma-associated airway inflammation mice model was established. The effects of ICA were evaluated by behavioral, airway hyperresponsiveness, lung pathological changes, inflammatory cell and cytokines counts. Next, the corresponding targets of ICA were mined via the SEA, CTD, HERB, PharmMapper, Symmap database and the literature. Pubmed-Gene and GeneCards databases were used to screen asthma and airway inflammation-related targets. The overlapping targets were used to build an interaction network, analyze gene ontology and enrich pathways. Subsequently, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were employed for validation. RESULTS ICA alleviated the airway inflammation of asthma; 402 targets of ICA, 5136 targets of asthma and 4531 targets of airway inflammation were screened; 216 overlapping targets were matched and predicted ICA possesses the potential to modulate asthmatic airway inflammation by macrophage activation/polarization. Additionally, ICA decreased M1 but elevated M2. Potential targets that were disrupted by asthma inflammation were restored by ICA treatment. CONCLUSIONS ICA alleviates airway inflammation in asthma by inhibiting the M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages, which is related to metabolic reprogramming. Jun, Jak2, Syk, Tnf, Aldh2, Aldh9a1, Nos1, Nos2 and Nos3 represent potential targets of therapeutic intervention. The present study enhances understanding of the anti-airway inflammation effects of ICA, especially in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaolong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huahe Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueren Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Greatbatch CJ, Lu Q, Hung S, Tran SN, Wing K, Liang H, Han X, Zhou T, Siggs OM, Mackey DA, Liu GS, Cook AL, Powell JE, Craig JE, MacGregor S, Hewitt AW. Deep Learning-Based Identification of Intraocular Pressure-Associated Genes Influencing Trabecular Meshwork Cell Morphology. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100504. [PMID: 38682030 PMCID: PMC11046128 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Genome-wide association studies have recently uncovered many loci associated with variation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to interrogate the effect of specific genetic knockouts on the morphology of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and thus, IOP regulation. Design Experimental study. Subjects Primary TMCs collected from human donors. Methods Sixty-two genes at 55 loci associated with IOP variation were knocked out in primary TMC lines. All cells underwent high-throughput microscopy imaging after being stained with a 5-channel fluorescent cell staining protocol. A convolutional neural network was trained to distinguish between gene knockout and normal control cell images. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) metric was used to quantify morphological variation in gene knockouts to identify potential pathological perturbations. Main Outcome Measures Degree of morphological variation as measured by deep learning algorithm accuracy of differentiation from normal controls. Results Cells where LTBP2 or BCAS3 had been perturbed demonstrated the greatest morphological variation from normal TMCs (AUC 0.851, standard deviation [SD] 0.030; and AUC 0.845, SD 0.020, respectively). Of 7 multigene loci, 5 had statistically significant differences in AUC (P < 0.05) between genes, allowing for pathological gene prioritization. The mitochondrial channel most frequently showed the greatest degree of morphological variation (33.9% of cell lines). Conclusions We demonstrate a robust method for functionally interrogating genome-wide association signals using high-throughput microscopy and AI. Genetic variations inducing marked morphological variation can be readily identified, allowing for the gene-based dissection of loci associated with complex traits. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J. Greatbatch
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Qinyi Lu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sandy Hung
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Son N. Tran
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kristof Wing
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Helena Liang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Cellular Genomics Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cook
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Qian X, Klatt S, Bennewitz K, Wohlfart DP, Lou B, Meng Y, Buettner M, Poschet G, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Sticht C, Hausser I, Fleming I, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans-2,4-Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302325. [PMID: 38059818 PMCID: PMC10811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Omega-6 fatty acids are the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids in most Western diets, while their role in diabetes remains controversial. Exposure of omega-6 fatty acids to an oxidative environment results in the generation of a highly reactive carbonyl species known as trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE). The timely and efficient detoxification of this metabolite, which has actions comparable to other reactive carbonyl species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal, is essential for disease prevention. However, the detoxification mechanism for tt-DDE remains elusive. In this study, the enzyme Aldh9a1b is identified as having a key role in the detoxification of tt-DDE. Loss of Aldh9a1b increased tt-DDE levels and resulted in an abnormal retinal vasculature and glucose intolerance in aldh9a1b-/- zebrafish. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that tt-DDE and aldh9a1b deficiency in larval and adult zebrafish induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in hyaloid vasculature is induced by aldh9a1b knockout or by tt-DDE treatment can be rescued by the insulin receptor sensitizers metformin and rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that tt-DDE is the substrate of Aldh9a1b which causes microvascular damage and impaired glucose metabolism through insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - David Philipp Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
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4
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Gao G, Sumrall ES, Pitchiaya S, Bitzer M, Alberti S, Walter NG. Biomolecular condensates in kidney physiology and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:756-770. [PMID: 37752323 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The regulation and preservation of distinct intracellular and extracellular solute microenvironments is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In mammals, the kidneys control bodily salt and water homeostasis. Specifically, the urine-concentrating mechanism within the renal medulla causes fluctuations in extracellular osmolarity, which enables cells of the kidney to either conserve or eliminate water and electrolytes, depending on the balance between intake and loss. However, relatively little is known about the subcellular and molecular changes caused by such osmotic stresses. Advances have shown that many cells, including those of the kidney, rapidly (within seconds) and reversibly (within minutes) assemble membraneless, nano-to-microscale subcellular assemblies termed biomolecular condensates via the biophysical process of hyperosmotic phase separation (HOPS). Mechanistically, osmotic cell compression mediates changes in intracellular hydration, concentration and molecular crowding, rendering HOPS one of many related phase-separation phenomena. Osmotic stress causes numerous homo-multimeric proteins to condense, thereby affecting gene expression and cell survival. HOPS rapidly regulates specific cellular biochemical processes before appropriate protective or corrective action by broader stress response mechanisms can be initiated. Here, we broadly survey emerging evidence for, and the impact of, biomolecular condensates in nephrology, where initial concentration buffering by HOPS and its subsequent cellular escalation mechanisms are expected to have important implications for kidney physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Gao
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily S Sumrall
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Markus Bitzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simon Alberti
- Technische Universität Dresden, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Engineering (CMCB), Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils G Walter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Šebela M, Rašková M. Polyamine-Derived Aminoaldehydes and Acrolein: Cytotoxicity, Reactivity and Analysis of the Induced Protein Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7429. [PMID: 37959847 PMCID: PMC10648994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they represent the subject of this review. 3-aminopropanal disrupts the lysosomal membrane and triggers apoptosis or necrosis in the damaged cells. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, 3-aminopropanal yields acrolein through the elimination of ammonia. This reactive aldehyde is also generated by the decomposition of aminoaldehydes produced in the reaction of serum amine oxidase with spermidine or spermine. In addition, acrolein is a common environmental pollutant. It causes covalent modifications of proteins, including carbonylation, the production of Michael-type adducts and cross-linking, and it has been associated with inflammation-related diseases. APAL and acrolein are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases and other mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochemistry and mass spectrometry have been largely used to analyze the presence of polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes and protein modifications elicited by their effect. However, the main and still open challenge is to find clues for discovering clear linkages between aldehyde-induced modifications of specific proteins and the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šebela
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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6
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Suazo KF, Bělíček J, Schey GL, Auger SA, Petre AM, Li L, Błażewska KM, Kopečný D, Distefano MD. Thinking outside the CaaX-box: an unusual reversible prenylation on ALDH9A1. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:913-925. [PMID: 37920391 PMCID: PMC10619140 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is a post-translational modification that confers hydrophobicity on protein substrates to control their cellular localization, mediate protein trafficking, and regulate protein function. In particular, protein prenylation is a C-terminal modification on proteins bearing canonical motifs catalyzed by prenyltransferases. Prenylated proteins have been of interest due to their numerous associations with various diseases. Chemical proteomic approaches have been pursued over the last decade to define prenylated proteomes (prenylome) and probe their responses to perturbations in various cellular systems. Here, we describe the discovery of prenylation of a non-canonical prenylated protein, ALDH9A1, which lacks any apparent prenylation motif. This enzyme was initially identified through chemical proteomic profiling of prenylomes in various cell lines. Metabolic labeling with an isoprenoid probe using overexpressed ALDH9A1 revealed that this enzyme can be prenylated inside cells but does not respond to inhibition by prenyltransferase inhibitors. Site-directed mutagenesis of the key residues involved in ALDH9A1 activity indicates that the catalytic C288 bears the isoprenoid modification likely through an NAD+-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, the isoprenoid modification is also susceptible to hydrolysis, indicating a reversible modification. We hypothesize that this modification originates from endogenous farnesal or geranygeranial, the established degradation products of prenylated proteins and results in a thioester form that accumulates. This novel reversible prenoyl modification on ALDH9A1 expands the current paradigm of protein prenylation by illustrating a potentially new type of protein-lipid modification that may also serve as a novel mechanism for controlling enzyme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiall F Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Jakub Bělíček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University CZ-78371 Czech Republic
| | - Garrett L Schey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Shelby A Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexandru M Petre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology Łódź Poland
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University CZ-78371 Czech Republic
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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Li D, Deng Z, Hou X, Qin Z, Wang X, Yin D, Chen Y, Rao Y, Chen J, Zhou J. Structural Insight into the Catalytic Mechanisms of an L-Sorbosone Dehydrogenase. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301955. [PMID: 37679059 PMCID: PMC10602560 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
L-Sorbosone dehydrogenase (SNDH) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid , which is a direct precursor for the industrial scale production of vitamin C. Elucidating the structure and the catalytic mechanism is essential for improving SNDH performance. By solving the crystal structures of SNDH from Gluconobacter oxydans WSH-004, a reversible disulfide bond between Cys295 and the catalytic Cys296 residues is discovered. It allowed SNDH to switch between oxidation and reduction states, resulting in opening or closing the substrate pocket. Moreover, the Cys296 is found to affect the NADP+ binding pose with SNDH. Combining the in vitro biochemical and site-directed mutagenesis studies, the redox-based dynamic regulation and the catalytic mechanisms of SNDH are proposed. Moreover, the mutants with enhanced activity are obtained by extending substrate channels. This study not only elucidates the physiological control mechanism of the dehydrogenase, but also provides a theoretical basis for engineering similar enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Zhijie Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Jian Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Science Center for Future FoodsJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of Education and School of BiotechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China
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8
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Kundu B, Iyer MR. A patent review on aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors: an overview of small molecule inhibitors from the last decade. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:651-668. [PMID: 38037334 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2287515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiological and pathophysiological effects arising from detoxification of aldehydes in humans implicate the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene family comprising of 19 isoforms. The main function of this enzyme family is to metabolize reactive aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Dysregulation of ALDH activity has been associated with various diseases. Extensive research has since gone into studying ALHD isozymes, their structural biology and developing small-molecule inhibitors. Novel chemical strategies to enhance the selectivity of ALDH inhibitors have now appeared. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive review of patent literature related to aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors in the last decade and half (2007-2022) is provided. EXPERT OPINION Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an important enzyme that metabolizes reactive exogenous and endogenous aldehydes in the body through NAD(P)±dependent oxidation. Hence this family of enzymes possess important physiological as well as toxicological roles in human body. Significant efforts in the field have led to potent inhibitors with approved clinical agents for alcohol use disorder therapy. Further clinical translation of novel compounds targeting ALDH inhibition will validate the promised therapeutic potential in treating many human diseases.The scientific/patent literature has been searched on SciFinder-n, Reaxys, PubMed, Espacenet and Google Patents. The search terms used were 'ALDH inhibitors', 'Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Kundu
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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9
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Vianey-Saban C, Guffon N, Fouilhoux A, Acquaviva C. Fifty years of research on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders: The remaining challenges. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:848-873. [PMID: 37530674 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD) in 1973, more than 20 defects have been identified. Although there are some differences, most FAOD have similar clinical signs, which are mainly due to energy depletion and toxicity of accumulated metabolites. However, some of them have an unusual clinical phenotype or specific clinical signs. This manuscript focuses on what we have learnt so far on the pathophysiology of these disorders, which present with clinical signs that are not typical of categorical FAOD. It also highlights that some disorders have not yet been identified and tries to make assumptions to explain why. It also deals with new treatments under consideration in FAOD, including triheptanoin and similar anaplerotic substrates, ketone body treatments, RNA and gene therapy approaches. Finally, it suggests challenges for the diagnosis of FAOD in the coming years, both for symptomatic patients and for those diagnosed through newborn screening. The ultimate goal would be to identify all the patients born with FAOD and ensure for them the best possible quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vianey-Saban
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
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10
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Zhang X, Ouyang Z. Crystal structure of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 from mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 628:141-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Gao J, Hao Y, Piao X, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052682. [PMID: 35269824 PMCID: PMC8910853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected. Herein, we aimed to lay a foundation for further research into the mechanism of ALDH2 in oxidative stress-related disease and provide a basis for better use of the ALDH2 function in research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Muñoz-Bacasehua C, Santacruz-Ortega H, Valenzuela-Soto EM. BADH-NAD +-K + Complex Interaction Studies Reveal a New Possible Mechanism between Potassium and Glutamic 254 at the Coenzyme Binding Site. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:39-44. [PMID: 34981410 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH EC 1.2.1.8) catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine using NAD+ as a coenzyme. Incubation of porcine kidney BADH (pkBADH) with NAD+ decreases the catalytic cysteine (C288) reactivity. Potassium ion increases the pkBADH affinity by the coenzyme. This work aimed to analyze pkBADH and NAD+ interaction in the presence and absence of K+ using 1H NMR to identify the amino acids that interact with NAD+ and/or K+ to understand the regulation process of pkBADH-NAD+ complex formation mediated by the K+ ion and their impact on the substrate binding and catalysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of pkBADH were obtained in the presence and absence of NAD+ and K+. The results show a chemical shift of the signals corresponding to the catalytic glutamic that participates in the transfer of H+ in the reaction of the pkBADH-NAD+-K+ complex formation. Furthermore, there is a widening of the signal that belongs to the catalytic cysteine indicating higher rigidity or less grade of rotation of the structure, which is consistent with the possible conformations of C288 in the catalytic process; in addition, there is evidence of changes in the chemical environment that surrounds NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Bacasehua
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Hisila Santacruz-Ortega
- División de Ingeniería, Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, México
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México.
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13
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Muñoz-Bacasehua C, Rosas-Rodríguez JA, López-Zavala AA, Valenzuela-Soto EM. Spectroscopic analysis of coenzyme binding to betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase dependent on potassium. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1733-1742. [PMID: 34213071 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glycine betaine is the main osmolyte synthesized and accumulated in mammalian renal cells. Glycine betaine synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) using NAD+ as the coenzyme. Previous studies have shown that porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (pkBADH) binds NAD+ with different affinities at each active site and that the binding is K+ dependent. The objective of this work was to analyze the changes in the pkBADH secondary and tertiary structure resulting from variable concentrations of NAD+ and the role played by K+ . Intrinsic fluorescence studies were carried out at fixed-variable concentrations of K+ and titrating the enzyme with varying concentrations of NAD+ . Fluorescence analysis showed a shift of the maximum emission towards red as the concentration of K+ was increased. Changes in the exposure of tryptophan located near the NAD+ binding site were found when the enzyme was titrated with NAD+ in the presence of potassium. Fluorescence data analysis showed that the K+ presence promoted static quenching that facilitated the pkBADH-NAD+ complex formation. DC data analysis showed that binding of K+ to the enzyme caused changes in the α-helix content of 4% and 12% in the presence of 25 mM and 100 mM K+ , respectively. The presence of K+ during NAD+ binding to pkBADH increased the thermal stability of the complex. These results indicated that K+ facilitated the pkBADH-NAD+ complex formation and suggested that K+ caused small changes in secondary and tertiary structures that could influence the active site conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Bacasehua
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesús A Rosas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
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14
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Cheng Y, Schlosser P, Hertel J, Sekula P, Oefner PJ, Spiekerkoetter U, Mielke J, Freitag DF, Schmidts M, Kronenberg F, Eckardt KU, Thiele I, Li Y, Köttgen A. Rare genetic variants affecting urine metabolite levels link population variation to inborn errors of metabolism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:964. [PMID: 33574263 PMCID: PMC7878905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolite levels in urine may provide insights into genetic mechanisms shaping their related pathways. We therefore investigate the cumulative contribution of rare, exonic genetic variants on urine levels of 1487 metabolites and 53,714 metabolite ratios among 4864 GCKD study participants. Here we report the detection of 128 significant associations involving 30 unique genes, 16 of which are known to underlie inborn errors of metabolism. The 30 genes are strongly enriched for shared expression in liver and kidney (odds ratio = 65, p-FDR = 3e-7), with hepatocytes and proximal tubule cells as driving cell types. Use of UK Biobank whole-exome sequencing data links genes to diseases connected to the identified metabolites. In silico constraint-based modeling of gene knockouts in a virtual whole-body, organ-resolved metabolic human correctly predicts the observed direction of metabolite changes, highlighting the potential of linking population genetics to modeling. Our study implicates candidate variants and genes for inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Cheng
- grid.5963.9Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schlosser
- grid.5963.9Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hertel
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland ,grid.5603.0University of Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peggy Sekula
- grid.5963.9Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- grid.5963.9Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Mielke
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Division Pharmaceuticals, Open Innovation & Digital Technologies, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniel F. Freitag
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Division Pharmaceuticals, Open Innovation & Digital Technologies, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- grid.5963.9Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Kronenberg
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Thiele
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland ,grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789Division of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland ,APC Microbiome Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yong Li
- grid.5963.9Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- grid.5963.9Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Wyatt JW, Korasick DA, Qureshi IA, Campbell AC, Gates KS, Tanner JJ. Inhibition, crystal structures, and in-solution oligomeric structure of aldehyde dehydrogenase 9A1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108477. [PMID: 32717224 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 9A1 (ALDH9A1) is a human enzyme that catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of the carnitine precursor 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde to 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate. Here we show that the broad-spectrum ALDH inhibitor diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) reversibly inhibits ALDH9A1 in a time-dependent manner. Possible mechanisms of inhibition include covalent reversible inactivation involving the thiohemiacetal intermediate and slow, tight-binding inhibition. Two crystal structures of ALDH9A1 are reported, including the first of the enzyme complexed with NAD+. One of the structures reveals the active conformation of the enzyme, in which the Rossmann dinucleotide-binding domain is fully ordered and the inter-domain linker adopts the canonical β-hairpin observed in other ALDH structures. The oligomeric structure of ALDH9A1 was investigated using analytical ultracentrifugation, small-angle X-ray scattering, and negative stain electron microscopy. These data show that ALDH9A1 forms the classic ALDH superfamily dimer-of-dimers tetramer in solution. Our results suggest that the presence of an aldehyde substrate and NAD+ promotes isomerization of the enzyme into the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Wyatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - David A Korasick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Insaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ashley C Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Kent S Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - John J Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States.
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16
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Muñoz‐Bacasehua C, Rosas‐Rodríguez JA, Arvizu‐Flores AA, Stephens‐Camacho A, Soñanez‐Organis JG, Figueroa‐Soto CG, Valenzuela‐Soto EM. Heterogeneity of active sites in recombinant betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase is modulated by potassium. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2869. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz‐Bacasehua
- Ciencia de los AlimentosCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Hermosillo México
| | - Jesús A. Rosas‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur Navojoa México
| | | | - Aurora Stephens‐Camacho
- Licenciatura en Nutrición HumanaUniversidad Estatal de Sonora UAN, Periférico Sur y Carretera a Huatabampo Navojoa México
| | - José G. Soñanez‐Organis
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur Navojoa México
| | - Ciria G. Figueroa‐Soto
- Ciencia de los AlimentosCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Hermosillo México
| | - Elisa M. Valenzuela‐Soto
- Ciencia de los AlimentosCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Hermosillo México
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17
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Muñoz-Bacasehua C, Rosas-Rodríguez JA, Arvizu-Flores AA, Valenzuela-Soto EM. Role of potassium levels in pkBADH heterogeneity of NAD + binding site. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:61-70. [PMID: 32128683 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyzes the oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine using NAD+ as a coenzyme. Studies in porcine kidney BADH (pkBADH) suggested that the enzyme exhibits heterogeneity of active sites and undergoes potassium-induced conformational changes. This study aimed to analyze if potassium concentration plays a role in the heterogeneity of pkBADH active sites through changes in NAD+ affinity constants, in its secondary structure content and stability. The enzyme was titrated with NAD+ 1 mM at fixed-variable KCl concentration, and the interaction measured by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and Circular Dichroism (CD). ITC data showed that K+ increased the first active site affinity in a manner dependent on its concentration; KD values to the first site were 14.4, 13.1, and 10.4 μM, at 25, 50, and 75 mM KCl. ΔG values showed that the coenzyme binding is a spontaneous reaction without changes between active sites or depending on KCl concentration. ΔH and TΔSb values showed that NAD+ binding to the active site is an endothermic process and is carried out at the expense of changes in entropy. α-Helix content increased as KCl increased, enzyme (Tm)app values were 2.6 °C and 3.3 °C higher at 20 mM and 200 mM K+. PkBADH molecular model showed three different interaction K+ sites. Results suggested K+ can interact with pkBADH and cause changes in the secondary structure, it provokes changes in the enzyme affinity by the coenzyme, and in the thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Bacasehua
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C, GE Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo A Arvizu-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C, GE Astiazaran Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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