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Peng M, Yao Z, Zhang J, Lin Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Liao J, Cai X. Discovery and validation of anti-arthritic ingredients and mechanisms of Qingfu Juanbi Tang, a Chinese herbal formulation, on rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118140. [PMID: 38565409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qingfu Juanbi Tang (QFJBT), a novel and improved Chinese herbal formulation, has surged in recent years for its potential in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-arthritic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of QFJBT have increasingly become a focal point in research. AIM OF THE STUDY This study utilized network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation to elucidate effective ingredients and anti-arthritic mechanisms of QFJBT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Targets associated with QFJBT and RA were identified from relevant databases and standardized using the Uniprot for gene nomenclature. A "QFJBT-ingredient-target network" and a "Venn diagram of QFJBT and RA targets" were created from the data. The overlap in the Venn diagram highlighted potential targets of QFJBT in the treatment of RA. These targets were subjected to PPI network, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis. The findings were subsequently confirmed through molecular docking and pharmacological experiments to propose the mechanism of action of QFJBT. RESULTS The study identified 236 active ingredients in QFJBT, with 120 predicted to be effective against RA. Molecular docking showed high binding affinity of key targets (JUN, PTGS2, and TNF-α) with bioactive compounds (rhein, sinomenine, calycosin, and paeoniflorin) of QFJBT. Pharmacodynamic evaluation demonstrated the effects of QFJBT at the dose of 4.56 g/kg in ameliorating symptoms of AIA rats and in reducing levels of JUN, PTGS2, and TNF-α in synovial tissues. In vitro studies further exhibited that rhein, paeoniflorin, sinomenine, calycosin, and QFJBT-containing serum significantly inhibited abnormal proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Interestingly, rhein and paeoniflorin specifically decreased p-JUN/JUN expression and TNF-α release, respectively, while sinomenine and calycosin selectively increased PTGS2 expression. Consistently, QFJBT-containing serum demonstrated similar effects as those active ingredients identified in QFJBT did. CONCLUSIONS QFJBT, QFJBT-containing serum, and its active ingredients (rhein, paeoniflorin, sinomenine, and calycosin) suppress inflammatory responses in RA. Anti-arthritic effects of QFJBT and its active ingredients are likely linked to their modulatory impact on identified hub targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Peng
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zhongliu Yao
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Junlan Zhang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Jing Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Xiong Cai
- Department of Rheumatology of First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Khokhar M, Dey S, Tomo S, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Pandey RK. Unveiling Novel Drug Targets and Emerging Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1664-1693. [PMID: 38898941 PMCID: PMC11184612 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease, that causes joint damage, deformities, and decreased functionality. In addition, RA can also impact organs like the skin, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels. This autoimmune condition arises when the immune system erroneously targets the joint synovial membrane, resulting in synovitis, pannus formation, and cartilage damage. RA treatment is often holistic, integrating medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Its main objective is to achieve remission or low disease activity by utilizing a "treat-to-target" approach that optimizes drug usage and dose adjustments based on clinical response and disease activity markers. The primary RA treatment uses disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that help to interrupt the inflammatory process. When there is an inadequate response, a combination of biologicals and DMARDs is recommended. Biological therapies target inflammatory pathways and have shown promising results in managing RA symptoms. Close monitoring for adverse effects and disease progression is critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. A deeper understanding of the pathways and mechanisms will allow new treatment strategies that minimize adverse effects and maintain quality of life. This review discusses the potential targets that can be used for designing and implementing precision medicine in RA treatment, spotlighting the latest breakthroughs in biologics, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 receptor antagonists, TNF blockers, and disease-modifying noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sangita Dey
- CSO
Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt
Ltd, Bengaluru, 560066 Karnataka, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Shen W, Hou Y, Yi Y, Li F, He C, Wang J. G-Clamp Heterocycle Modification Containing Interstrand Photo-Cross-Linker to Capture Intracellular MicroRNA Targets. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12778-12789. [PMID: 38679963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play indispensable roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. The identification of target mRNAs is essential for dissecting the recognition basis, dynamics, and regulatory mechanism of miRNA-mRNA interactions. However, the lack of an unbiased method for detecting weak miRNA-mRNA interactions remains a long-standing obstacle for miRNA research. Here, we develop and provide proof-of-concept evidence demonstrating a chemical G-clamp-enhanced photo-cross-linking strategy for covalent capture of intracellular miRNA targets in different cell lines. This approach relies on an aryl-diazirine-G-clamp-modified-nucleoside (ARAGON) miRNA probe containing an alkynyl group that improves the thermal stability of miRNA-target mRNA duplex molecules and can rapidly cross-link with the complementary strand upon UV 365 nm activation, enhancing the transient capture of mRNA targets. After validating the accuracy and binding properties of ARAGON-based miRNA probes through the successful enrichment for the known targets of miR-106a, miR-21, and miR-101, we then extend ARAGON's application to screen for previously unknown targets of different miRNAs in various cell lines. Ultimately, results in this study uncover GAB1 as a target of miR-101 in H1299 lung cancer cells and show that miR-101 silencing of GAB1 can promote apoptosis in H1299 cells, suggesting an oncogenic mechanism of GAB1. This study thus provides a powerful and versatile tool for enhanced screening of global miRNA targets in cells to facilitate investigations of miRNA functions in fundamental cellular processes and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongkang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Peng Y, Zhang M, Hu J. Non-coding RNAs involved in fibroblast-like synoviocyte functioning in arthritis rheumatoid: From pathogenesis to therapy. Cytokine 2024; 173:156418. [PMID: 37952312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic autoimmune disorder with an uncertain etiology, primarily impacting the joints. Moreover, the disease may manifest beyond articular involvement, leading to extra-articular manifestations. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are cells of mesenchymal origin that possess crucial physiological significance within the synovium, contributing to the synthesis of specific constituents found in the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on FLS as a potential therapeutic target in the context of RA. Recent investigations have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) serve as pivotal regulators of FLS function, with their dysregulated expression patterns being detected within FLS populations. NcRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), assume essential functions as regulators of gene expression at both the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, and also serve as guiding molecules for chromatin-modifying complexes. Majority of these ncRNAs contribute to various FLS activities including metastasis, proliferation, and cytokine production. In the current work, we comprehensively review the existing literature on ncRNAs, which play pivotal roles in FLS activity and the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive summary and description of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes in FLS activity, along with potential implications for the RA development. As well, in the final section, we illustrated that therapeutic agents including herbal medicine, and exosomes by modulating ncRNAs regulate FLS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Peng
- Rheumatology and Immunology, PingXiangPeople's Hospital, No. 8, Wugongshangzhong Avenue, Anyuan District, PiangXiang City, Jiangxi Province, 337000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology, PingXiangPeople's Hospital, No. 8, Wugongshangzhong Avenue, Anyuan District, PiangXiang City, Jiangxi Province, 337000, China
| | - Jiangkang Hu
- Rheumatology and Immunology, PingXiangPeople's Hospital, No. 8, Wugongshangzhong Avenue, Anyuan District, PiangXiang City, Jiangxi Province, 337000, China.
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Ahmed S, Mahony CB, Torres A, Murillo-Saich J, Kemble S, Cedeno M, John P, Bhatti A, Croft AP, Guma M. Dual inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis for synergistic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:176. [PMID: 37730663 PMCID: PMC10510293 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RAFLS) exhibit a pathological aberration of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Henceforth, we aimed to investigate if dual inhibition of these pathways by phytobiological compound c28MS has the potential of synergistic therapy for arthritis by targeting both glucose and glutamine metabolism. METHODS The presence of HK2 and GLS across various cell types and associated gene expression in human synovial cells and a murine model of arthritis was evaluated by scRNA-seq. The metabolic profiling of RAFLS cells was done using H1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy under glycolytic and glutaminolytic inhibitory conditions by incubating with 3-bromopyruvate, CB839, or dual inhibitor c28MS. FLS functional analysis was conducted under similar conditions. ELISA was employed for the quantification of IL-6, CCL2, and MMP3. K/BxN sera was administered to mice to induce arthritis for in vivo arthritis experiments. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed that many fibroblasts expressed Hk2 along with Gls with several genes including Ptgs2, Hif1a, Timp1, Cxcl5, and Plod2 only associated with double-positive fibroblasts, suggesting that dual inhibition can be an attractive target for fibroblasts. Metabolomic and functional analysis revealed that c28MS decreased the aggressive behavior of RAFLS by targeting both upregulated glycolysis and glutaminolysis. c28MS administered in vivo significantly decreased the severity of arthritis in the K/BxN model. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that dual inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis could be an effective approach for the treatment of RA. It also suggests that targeting more than one metabolic pathway can be a novel treatment approach in non-cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzay Ahmed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alyssa Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Murillo-Saich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martha Cedeno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter John
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Shao P, Liu H, Xue Y, Xiang T, Sun Z. LncRNA HOTTIP promotes inflammatory response in acute gouty arthritis via miR-101-3p/BRD4 axis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:305-315. [PMID: 36482051 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is characterized by the accumulation of pro-inflammatory factors. This research aimed to examine the regulation of long non-coding RNA HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (HOTTIP) in AGA on inflammation and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Serum levels of HOTTIP in AGA patients were examined by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The receiver operating characteristic curve was performed in the diagnosis of AGA patients. Monosodium urate (MSU) stimulation of THP-1-derived macrophages was used to establish an in vitro AGA model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pearson correlation was applied to examine the correlation. RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed to identify the targeting relationship between miR-101-3p and HOTTIP or bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4). RESULTS HOTTIP and BRD4 were statistically overexpressed in AGA patients compared with controls, while miR-101-3p was reduced (P < 0.05). Serum HOTTIP can significantly distinguish AGA patients from healthy controls. HOTTIP bound with miR-101-3p then augmented BRD4 via a competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Additionally, HOTTIP levels were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by MSU (P < 0.05). Weakened HOTTIP significantly inhibited MSU-induced release of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and transforming growth factor-α in macrophages (P < 0.05), but this inhibition was reversed by silencing miR-101-3p (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In short, HOTTIP contributes to inflammation via miR-101-3p/BRD4 axis, and serves as a new diagnostic biomarker. This study offers a renewed perspective on the diagnosis and treatment of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yanyan Xue
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhanjuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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Gong N, Wang L, An L, Xu Y. Exploring the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of action of sinomenium acutum in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on systems biology and network pharmacology. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1065171. [PMID: 36923645 PMCID: PMC10009275 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1065171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate and predict the targets and signaling pathways of sinomenium acutum (SA) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through systems biology and network pharmacology, and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. Methods: We screened the active ingredients and corresponding target proteins of SA in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN); and obtained the targets of rheumatoid arthritis diseases in a database of gene-disease associations (DisGeNET), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The two targets were mapped by Venn diagram and the intersection was taken. The intersecting targets were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network maps in the String database, and Metascape was used for Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Finally, the molecular docking technique was applied to validate and further clarify the core target of SA for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Results: A total of six active ingredients and 217 potential targets were obtained after screening; 2,752 rheumatoid arthritis-related targets and 66 targets common to RA and SA. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis yielded 751 GO function entries (652 GO biological processes, 59 GO molecular functions and 40 GO cellular components) and 77 KEGG signaling pathways. It mainly involves pathways related to neural activity ligand-receptor interaction pathways, cancer pathways, calcium signaling channels, Th17 cell differentiation and others, which are mainly classified into four categories, including regulation of immunity, anti-inflammation, regulation of cell growth and apoptosis, and signaling. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy of PTGS2, CASP3, JUN and PPARG to the key components beta-sitosterol, 16-epi-Isositsirikine, Sinomenine and Stepholidine were ≤ -6.5 kcal/mol, suggesting the existence of molecular binding sites. Conclusion: SA acts on key targets such as PTGS2, CASP3, JUN, and PPARG to modulate signaling pathways such as neural activity ligand-receptor interaction, cancer, calcium ion, NF-κB, and Th17 cell differentiation to regulate immunity, anti-inflammation, modulation of cell cycle, bone metabolism, and signaling for the treatment of RA. It was also confirmed that the treatment of RA with SA has multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway and multi-mechanism characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gong
- Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Nephrology Department, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili An
- Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - YuanKun Xu
- Graduate School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Molecular Mechanism of the Effect of Zhizhu Pill on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2996865. [PMID: 35646148 PMCID: PMC9135531 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2996865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Zhizhu pill (ZZP) against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), network pharmacology in combination with molecular docking was applied in this study. Methods Active compounds of ZZP and target genes related to GERD were identified through public databases. Subsequently, the obtained data were used as a basis for further network pharmacological analysis to explore the potential key active compounds, core targets, and biological processes involved in ZZP against GERD. Finally, the results predicted by network pharmacology were validated by molecular docking. Results Twenty active components of ZZP were identified to act on 59 targets related to GERD. Enrichment analysis revealed that multiple biological processes including response to oxygen levels, response to oxidative stress, and response to reactive oxygen species were involved in the GERD ZZP treatment with ZZP. ZZP had an impact on the prognosis of GERD mainly through the HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Further analysis identified the key components and core targets of ZZP against GERD, of which nobiletin, didymin, luteolin, and naringenin were key components, and PPARG, MMP9, JUN, TP53, PTGS2, EGFR, MAPK3, CASP3, AKT1, and VEGFA were the core targets. Molecular docking verified the stable bonds formed between the key components and the core targets. Conclusions The results of this study predict that the therapeutic effects of ZZP in GERD are mediated at least in part via PPARG, MMP9, JUN, TP53, PTGS2, EGFR, MAPK3, CASP3, AKT1, and VEGFA. These results may be useful in providing an experimental basis and new ideas for further research on ZZP in GERD.
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Exploration of the Immuno-Inflammatory Potential Targets of Xinfeng Capsule in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on Data Mining, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5382607. [PMID: 35368759 PMCID: PMC8967514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5382607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to ascertain the immuno-inflammatory molecular targets of Xinfeng capsules (XFC) in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) based on data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Methods The efficacy of XFC in the treatment of AS was assessed by clinical data mining. Network pharmacology was utilized to establish a network of the targets for XFC active ingredients in the treatment of AS. The binding mode and affinity of XFC active ingredients to the key targets for AS were predicted using molecular docking. Results XFC significantly diminished immuno-inflammatory indicators of AS. In total, 208 targets of XFC were obtained from the TCMSP database and 629 disease targets of AS were screened from the GeneCards database, which were intersected to yield 57 targets of XFC in the treatment of AS. Protein-protein interaction, gene ontology, and Kyoto genome encyclopedia analyses showed that XFC might activate TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways. Quercetin, kaempferol, triptolide, and formononetin had free binding energies < -9 kcal/mol to inflammatory targets (TNF and PTGS2) in the molecular docking analysis of XFC-active ingredients, indicating that TNF and PTGS2 might be the targets of the action of XFC. Conclusions Collectively, XFC had a significant therapeutic effect on AS. Specifically, the active ingredients of XFC, including quercetin, kaempferol, triptolide, and formononetin, inhibited the inflammatory response in AS by downregulating TNF and PTGS2 in the TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Mechanism of Xinfeng Capsule in the Treatment of Hypercoagulable State of Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on Data Mining and Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8796980. [PMID: 35342751 PMCID: PMC8947881 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8796980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatism that mainly affects the axial bones and joints. Xinfeng capsule (XFC) is a preparation with a remarkable clinical effect that is used in our hospital. And it has definite curative effect and less side effects in the treatment of AS. Objective Data mining and network pharmacology were used to analyze the efficacy of Chinese medicine Xinfeng capsule on treating the hypercoagulable state of ankylosing spondylitis and the underlying mechanism behind it. Methods Clinical data were collected and compiled from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine. Cluster analysis was used to investigate herbs that frequently used to treat AS, Apriori module was used to analyze the association rules between herbs and laboratory indexes, and the random walk model was used to reveal the therapeutic efficacy of XFC against AS. The TCMSP database was used to acquire the active components and targets of XFC, and the GeneCards and OMIM database were used to obtain the targets of AS. Afterward, an active ingredient-target network was established and core targets were screened for; overlapping targets were screened for the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Molecular docking was adopted to investigate the interactions between main active components and core targets. Results Frequently used herbs could be divided into three groups, and according to the analysis of Apriori module, there is a strong correlation between XFC and the improvement of ESR and hs-CRP, and the results of the random walk model demonstrated that the effect of XFC on improving PLT, ESR, and hs-CRP was superior to the use of traditional Chinese medicine alone. In total, 103 active compounds of XFC and 59 overlapping targets were obtained. The PPI relationships were obtained through the STRING database, and 13 core targets were identified. 1786 GO enrichment results and 205 KEGG enrichment results were obtained, including NF-kappa B signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL17 signaling pathway. The outcomes of molecular docking revealed a close relationship between the active compounds of XFC and core targets. Conclusion This study demonstrated that XFC can effectively improve the hypercoagulable state and the inflammatory indices of AS patients through data mining, and it has a strong correlation with the clinical improvement of inflammation. The active compounds of formononetin, triptolide, quercetin, and kaempferol may be the key active components of XFC in regulating AS, possibly through inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B signaling pathway to improve hypercoagulable state.
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Hasan I, Hossain A, Bhuiyan P, Miah S, Rahman H. A system biology approach to determine therapeutic targets by identifying molecular mechanisms and key pathways for type 2 diabetes that are linked to the development of tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2022; 297:120483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Xue B, Chen X, Wang X, Li C, Liu J, He Q, Liu E. Application of multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Danggui Liuhuang Tang in treating perimenopausal syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114543. [PMID: 34428521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui Liuhuang Tang (DGLHT), first recorded in "Lan-Shi-Mi-Cang" (written in 1276 AD), is a famous classical formula. In 2018, it was listed in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic and Famous Prescriptions (First Batch) formulated by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the National Medical Products Administration. Perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) refers to a series of syndromes with autonomic nervous system dysfunction and neuropsychological symptoms. The treatment of PMS demands non-hormonal drugs. Natural products are considered to be effective substitutes for the treatment of PMS. It is reported that DGLHT has not only good therapeutic effects but also higher safety and fewer side effects in the treatment of PMS. However, the mechanism of DGLHT in treating PMS is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the chemical basis and the mechanism of DGLHT in treating PMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multivariate statistical analysis was used to analyze the difference of components in supernatant before and after compatibility of DGLHT based on LC-MS data. The qualitative analysis was performed on the precipitate formed in the decocting process using LC-MS while the quantitative analysis on the potential markers using LC-UV. Then, the potential markers were analyzed by network pharmacology. The regulatory effect of DGLHT on FSH, P and E2 were carried out in PMS rats. RESULTS Five potential markers, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, berberine and baicalin, were screened from the analysis of compounds in the supernatant. Four complexes, composed of potential marker monomers, were identified in the sediment, including two that have not been reported. The key targets of potential markers include TNF, NOS3, EGFR, ESR1, PTGS2, AR, CDC42 and RPS6KB1. The top signaling pathways include the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway. DGLHT could call back the hormone levels of P and E2 in PMS rats. CONCLUSION DGLHT active ingredients, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, berberine and baicalin contribute a lot to the therapeutic effect. And DGLHT takes effect by regulating hormones secreted by the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Qiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Yao Q, Chang BT, Chen R, Wei YJ, Gong QJ, Yu D, Zhang Y, Han X, Yang HB, Tang SJ, Gao Y. Research Advances in Pharmacology, Safety, and Clinical Applications of Yunnan Baiyao, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:773185. [PMID: 34899330 PMCID: PMC8651550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacology relevance: Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY), a traditional Chinese medicine formulae, has some significant properties including activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis (Huo-Xue-Hua-Yu), eliminating swelling and alleviating pain (Xiao-Zhong-Zhi-Tong), and eliminating necrotic tissues and promoting granulation (Qu-Fu-Sheng-Ji). Aim of this study: This paper intends to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of studies on YNBY, proposing new possible therapeutic directions of this formula. Materials and methods: Relevant data on YNBY were retrieved from available databases and a hand-search by searching the keywords such as “Yunnan Baiyao,” “pharmacology,” “toxicity,” and “clinical applications.” Results: Traditionally, YNBY has been used to cure hemorrhage, bruises, swelling, and pain caused by injuries in the Chinese folk. Modern pharmacological studies show that YNBY possesses pharmacological activities including hemostasis, invigorating the circulation of blood, wound healing, anti-inflammation, analgesia, antibiosis, infection prevention, and other effects. Toxicological studies demonstrate that YNBY has a certain toxicology, which is mainly caused by Aconitum alkaloids from Cao-wu (CW, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix). The developmental non-toxic reaction dose (NOAEL) of YNBY for embryos and fetuses is 0.5 g/kg in rats. In addition, the NOAEL for fertility and early embryo development toxicity is 4.0 g/kg in rats. Clinical trials have confirmed the safety of YNBY in a large number of patients, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, allergy, and others in very few people. YNBY is routinely used in clinic to cure bleeding, pain, swelling, upper digestive tract ulcer, postoperative wound, arthritis, mouth ulcers, ulcerative colitis, etc. Conclusions: Hemostasis is a conspicuous effect of YNBY. Except for this effect, analgesia and anti-infection may be new research directions of this formula. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology and mechanisms of action of YNBY are encouraged as well as the pharmacokinetics of this formulae. Furthermore, the material basis of the pharmacological effects of YNBY also needs clear identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo-Tao Chang
- Department of Graduate, Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wei
- Department of Graduate, Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Gong
- Department of Graduate, Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Graduate, Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yang
- GLP Center, Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica, Kunming, China
| | - Song-Jiang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, China
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14
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Zhu K, Zhang M, Long J, Zhang S, Luo H. Elucidating the Mechanism of Action of Salvia miltiorrhiza for the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8323661. [PMID: 34868345 PMCID: PMC8635895 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8323661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza can alleviate acute pancreatitis. Initially, the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and the targets collected from the GeneCards database were screened based on the platform of systematic pharmacology analysis of traditional Chinese medicine. Subsequently, the active components were intersected with the disease targets. Also, interactions among the targets were computed using the STRING database. Biological function and pathway enrichment were analyzed using the Cluster Profiler package in the R software. Protein-protein interaction and component target pathway network were constructed using the Cytoscape software. Ultimately, the key targets and their corresponding components in the network were verified using the AutoDock Vina software. The results showed Salvia miltiorrhiza had 111 targets for acute pancreatitis. The biological process (BP) analysis showed that the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza induced a drug response, positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II promoter, signal transduction, positive regulation of cell proliferation, and negative regulation of apoptosis. Furthermore, the KEGG enrichment analysis screened 118 (P < 0.05) signaling pathways, such as the pathways related to cancer, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway, to name a few. Finally, molecular docking showed that the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza had a good binding affinity with their corresponding target proteins. Through network pharmacology, this study predicted the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and the mechanisms by which Salvia miltiorrhiza can treat acute pancreatitis. Moreover, this study provided a scientific basis for mining the pharmacodynamic components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and expanding the scope of its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyao Zhu
- Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Long
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuan Jiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huali Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuan Jiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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15
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Xing XW, Shi HY, Liu S, Feng SX, Feng SQ, Gong BQ. miR-496/MMP10 Is Involved in the Proliferation of IL-1β-Induced Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Via Mediating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 44:1359-1369. [PMID: 33548006 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease featured by synovial inflammation. miR-496 is closely involved in various pathologic conditions. However, its role in RA has not yet been elucidated. Expression of miR-496 and MMP10 was determined based on the clinical samples with RA retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. In vitro model of RA was constructed in MH7A cells stimulated by IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry experiments were implemented to investigate the cell viability and apoptosis rate of MH7A cells. TargetScan was applied to identify the targets of miR-496, and the regulation of miR-496 on MMP10 expression was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to examine the expression. miR-496 expression was decreased in RA tissues and MH7A cells after IL-1β treatment. Overexpression of miR-496 significantly inhibited IL-1β-treated MH7A cell viability. MMP10 was identified as a target of miR-496 and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-496. The effects of miR-496 on MH7A cell proliferation and apoptosis were reversed by MMP10. The activity of NF-κB pathway was associated with the miR-496/MMP10 axis in IL-1β-stimulated MH7A cells. To summarize, this study demonstrated that miR-496 can impair the proliferative ability and facilitate the apoptosis of IL-1β-treated MH7A through regulating MMP10 expression and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wu Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.24 FuKang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shu-Xin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.24 FuKang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Bao-Qi Gong
- Department of Rheumatology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.24 FuKang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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16
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Cheng X, Lu E, Fan M, Pi Z, Zheng Z, Liu S, Song F, Liu Z. A comprehensive strategy to clarify the pharmacodynamic constituents and mechanism of Wu-tou decoction based on the constituents migrating to blood and their in vivo process under pathological state. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114172. [PMID: 33932514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, Wu-tou decoction has been used for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for more than a thousand years. Identifying pharmacodynamic constituents (PCs) of WTD and exploring their in vivo process are very meaningful for promoting the modernization of TCM. However, the pathological state might change this process. AIM OF THE STUDY Hence, it is necessary and significant to compare the process in vivo of drugs both in normal and disease state and clarify their action mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Taking Wu-tou decoction (WTD) as the research object, a comprehensive strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed to identify PCs, clarify and compare their absorption and distribution in normal and model rats, and then explore the potential mechanism of TCM. Firstly, the PCs in WTD were identified. Then, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution of these ingredients were studied. Finally, the constituents with the difference between normal and model rats were selected for target network pharmacological analysis to clarify the mechanism. RESULTS A total of 27 PCs of WTD were identified. The absorption and distribution of 20 PCs were successfully analyzed. In the disease state, the absorption and distribution of all these components were improved to have better treatment effects. The results of target network pharmacological analysis indicated that PTGS1, PTGS2, ABCB1, SLC6A4, CHRM2, ESR1, ESR2, CDK2, TNF and IL-6 are 10 key targets for WTD against RA. The regulatory effects of WTD on the expression of PTGS2 and TNF were further verified. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the key mechanism of WTD against RA is to reduce inflammation and regulate the immune response. CONCLUSION These results indicated that this strategy could better understand the in vivo process and mechanism of WTD under the pathological state. Furthermore, this strategy is also appropriate for other TCM.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antirheumatic Agents/chemistry
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Glycyrrhizic Acid/blood
- Glycyrrhizic Acid/chemistry
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- Mice
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Enyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Materials, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; Changchun Sunnytech Co.,Ltd., 130061, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
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17
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Huang J, Fu X, Chen X, Li Z, Huang Y, Liang C. Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686155. [PMID: 34305919 PMCID: PMC8299711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic poly-articular chronic autoimmune joint disease that mainly damages the hands and feet, which affects 0.5% to 1.0% of the population worldwide. With the sustained development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), significant success has been achieved for preventing and relieving disease activity in RA patients. Unfortunately, some patients still show limited response to DMARDs, which puts forward new requirements for special targets and novel therapies. Understanding the pathogenetic roles of the various molecules in RA could facilitate discovery of potential therapeutic targets and approaches. In this review, both existing and emerging targets, including the proteins, small molecular metabolites, and epigenetic regulators related to RA, are discussed, with a focus on the mechanisms that result in inflammation and the development of new drugs for blocking the various modulators in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Tsai CY, Hsieh SC, Liu CW, Lu CH, Liao HT, Chen MH, Li KJ, Wu CH, Shen CY, Kuo YM, Yu CL. The Expression of Non-Coding RNAs and Their Target Molecules in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Molecular Basis for Rheumatoid Pathogenesis and Its Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115689. [PMID: 34073629 PMCID: PMC8198764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a typical autoimmune-mediated rheumatic disease presenting as a chronic synovitis in the joint. The chronic synovial inflammation is characterized by hyper-vascularity and extravasation of various immune-related cells to form lymphoid aggregates where an intimate cross-talk among innate and adaptive immune cells takes place. These interactions facilitate production of abundant proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors for the proliferation/maturation/differentiation of B lymphocytes to become plasma cells. Finally, the autoantibodies against denatured immunoglobulin G (rheumatoid factors), EB virus nuclear antigens (EBNAs) and citrullinated protein (ACPAs) are produced to trigger the development of RA. Furthermore, it is documented that gene mutations, abnormal epigenetic regulation of peptidylarginine deiminase genes 2 and 4 (PADI2 and PADI4), and thereby the induced autoantibodies against PAD2 and PAD4 are implicated in ACPA production in RA patients. The aberrant expressions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the immune system undoubtedly derange the mRNA expressions of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors. In the present review, we will discuss in detail the expression of these ncRNAs and their target molecules participating in developing RA, and the potential biomarkers for the disease, its diagnosis, cardiovascular complications and therapeutic response. Finally, we propose some prospective investigations for unraveling the conundrums of rheumatoid pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (H.-T.L.); (M.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (H.-T.L.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tzung Liao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (H.-T.L.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (H.-T.L.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheih-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (C.-L.Y.)
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19
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Zhao Q, Zhao F, Liu C, Xu T, Song K. LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes by regulation of miR-331-3p/PIAS3 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:254-263. [PMID: 34030529 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1919879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that leads to systemic inflammation of diarthrodial joint, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage damage, and ultimately joint destruction and deformity. As the dominant non-immune cells in the synovium, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) significantly contribute to the deterioration of RA. Our study aimed to explore the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA FOXD2-AS1 in RA progression. Compared to patients with joint trauma, the expression of FOXD2-AS1 was elevated in serum and synovial tissue samples of RA patients. FOXD2-AS1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of rheumatoid FLSs but restored their apoptotic ability. Furthermore, FOXD2-AS1 acted as a sponge for microRNA (miR)-331-3p. The expressions of FOXD2-AS1 and miR-331-3p in synovial tissues of RA patients were negatively correlated. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT 3 (PIAS3) was predicted as a downstream target of miR-331-3p. The expressions of FOXD2-AS1 and PIAS3 in synovial tissues of RA patients were positively correlated, whereas a negative correlation was observed between the levels of miR-331-3p and PIAS3. Moreover, increased proliferation and invasion of rheumatoid FLSs induced by FOXD2-AS1 overexpression was inhibited by the knockdown of PIAS3. In summary, this study demonstrated that FOXD2-AS1 promoted RA progression via regulating the miR-331-3p/PIAS3 pathway, suggesting that therapeutic strategies based on the FOXD2-AS1/miR-331-3p/PIAS3 axis may represent a promising treatment approach for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Joint and Sports Medicine Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China
| | - Fengnian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Joint and Sports Medicine Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Joint and Sports Medicine Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- School of Daxinganling Vocational College, Daxing'anling, China
| | - Keguan Song
- Department of Orthopedic Joint and Sports Medicine Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China
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20
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The Potential Importance of MicroRNAs as Novel Indicators How to Manage Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis More Effectively. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9473508. [PMID: 33575364 PMCID: PMC7864733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9473508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, noncoding sequences of ribonucleic acid called microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. As they draw increasing attention of rheumatologists, there is a growing body of evidence concerning specific molecules that may affect the long-term care of patients with inflammatory arthritides. Findings involving children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are still limited though. The aim of the study was to browse the available data on microRNAs which may be utilized as potential biomarkers helpful in diagnosing and monitoring JIA patients. The review contains a brief summary on the most studied sequences: miR-16, miR-125a-5p, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223. It is complemented with other miRNAs possibly relevant for JIA (miR-145, miR-23b, miR-27a, and miR-204) and discussion on challenges for using miRNAs in pediatric rheumatology (particularly, issues regarding specificity of biomarkers and measurements involving synovial fluid).
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21
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Xin Y, Tang L, Chen J, Chen D, Wen W, Han F. Inhibition of miR‑101‑3p protects against sepsis‑induced myocardial injury by inhibiting MAPK and NF‑κB pathway activation via the upregulation of DUSP1. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:20. [PMID: 33448324 PMCID: PMC7849984 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are aberrantly expressed when sepsis occurs. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-101-3p in sepsis-induced myocardial injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Models of myocardial injury were established both in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that miR-101-3p was upregulated in the serum of patients with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) and positively correlated with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α). Subsequently, rats were treated with miR-101-3p inhibitor to suppress miR-101-3p and were then exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results revealed that LPS induced marked cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammation. The inhibition of miR-101-3p markedly attenuated sepsis-induced myocardial injury by attenuating apoptosis and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, dual specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1) was found to be a functional target of miR-101-3p. The downregulation of miR-101-3p led to the overexpression of DUSP1, and the inactivation of the MAPK p38 and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, blocking DUSP1 by short hairpin RNA against DUSP1 (sh-DUSP1) significantly reduced the myocardial protective effects mediated by the inhibition of miR-101-3p. Collectively, the findings of the present study demonstrate that the inhibition of miR-101-3p exerts cardioprotective effects by suppressing MAPK p38 and NF-κB pathway activation, and thus attenuating inflammation and apoptosis dependently by enhancing DUSP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xin
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fugang Han
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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22
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Liu W, Sheng L, Nie L, Wen X, Mo X. Functional interaction between long non-coding RNA and microRNA in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23489. [PMID: 33319382 PMCID: PMC7755821 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) has received widespread attention for its role in several key cellular processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autoimmune diseases. Although we now have a good understanding of miRNA expression and function, our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is still in its infancy. In this review, we will briefly introduce the definition and function of lncRNA and summarize the interactions between lncRNA and miRNA and their research progress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of miR‐16, miR‐146a, miR‐155, and miR‐223 and the interactions between HOTAIR and miR138, ZFAS1 and miR‐27a, and GAPLINC and miR‐575 are representative examples that may augment the understanding of the pathogenesis of RA and help in the development of new biomarkers and target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wen
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Mo
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Upregulation of JHDM1D-AS1 alleviates neuroinflammation and neuronal injury via targeting miR-101-3p-DUSP1 in spinal cord after brachial plexus injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:106962. [PMID: 33039970 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation in the spinal cord following acute brachial plexus injury (BPI) remains a vital cause that leads to motor dysfunction and neuropathic pain. In this study, we aim to explore the role of long non-coding RNA JHDM1D antisense 1 (JHDM1D-AS1) in mediating BPI-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. METHODS A total brachial plexus root avulsion (tBPRA) model in adult rats and IL-1β-treated motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells and LPS-treated microglia cell line BV2 were conducted for in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. The expressions of JHDM1D-AS1, miR-101-3p and DUSP1, p38, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot seven days after tBPI. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. CCK8 assay, Tunel assay and LDH kit were used for the detection of neuronal injury. The targeted relationships between JHDM1D-AS1 and miR-101-3p, miR-101-3p and DUSP1 were verified by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS We found significant downregulated expression of JHDM1D-AS1 and DUSP1 but upregulated expression of miR-101-3p in the spinal cord after tBPI. Overexpression of JHDM1D-AS1 had a prominent neuroprotective effect by suppressing neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation through reactivation of DUSP1. Further exploration revealed that JHDM1D-AS1 may act as a competitive endogenous RNA targeting miR-101-3p, which bound on the 3'UTR of DUSP1 mRNA. In addition, overexpression of miR-101-3p could reverse the neuroprotective effects of JHDM1D-AS1 upregulation by blocking DUSP1. CONCLUSIONS JHDM1D-AS1 exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of tBPI by regulating miR-101-3p/DUSP1 axis.
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24
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Yang G, Zhao Y. Overexpression of miR-146b-5p Ameliorates Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy by Inhibiting IRAK1/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-αB Signaling. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:660-669. [PMID: 32734729 PMCID: PMC7393297 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.8.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an essential factor underlying neonatal death and disability. This study sought to explore the role of miR-146b-5p in regulating neonatal HIE. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro and in vivo HIE models were established in PC12 cells and 10-day neonatal Sprague Dawley rats, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess miR-146b-5p expression and inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] in brain lesions and PC12 cells, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the expression of oxidative stress factors (SOD and GSH-Px). Gain- and loss-assays of miR-146b-5p were conducted to verify its role in modulating the viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment. Expression of TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAK1, and NF-κB were examined by qRT-PCR and/or Western blot. Dual luciferase activity assay was conducted to identify relationships between miR-146b-5p and IRAK1. RESULTS In the HIE models, significant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses emerged upon upregulation of TLR4/IRAK1/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB signaling. Overexpression of miR-146b-5p greatly inhibited OGD-induced PC12 cell injury, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. Inhibiting miR-146b-5p, however, had the opposite effects. IRAK1 was found to be a target of miR-146b-5p, and miR-146b-5p overexpression suppressed the activation of IRAK1/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that miR-146b-5p overexpression alleviates HIE-induced neuron injury by inhibiting the IRAK1/TRAF6/TAK1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Neonatal Internal Medicine, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Neonatal Internal Medicine, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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