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Wang QS, Fan KJ, Teng H, Liu J, Yang YL, Chen D, Wang TY. MiR-204/-211 double knockout exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis progression by promoting splenic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112850. [PMID: 39116488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type (wt) and C57BL/6 miR-204/-211 double-knockout (dKO) mice to investigate the role of miR-204/-211 in suppressing splenic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Differences of miR-204/-211 and structure-specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) in the spleen of DBA/1J wt and CIA mice were detected via PCR and immunohistochemistry. CIA was induced in both C57BL/6 wt and C57BL/6 miR-204/-211 dKO mice, and the onset of CIA and disease severity were statistically analyzed. Immunohistochemistry staining of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and SSRP1 in spleen or knee joints was performed and analyzed. In CIA miR-204/-211 dKO mice, AAV-shSSRP1 was intra-articularly injected, with both the AAV-shRNA Ctrl and AAV-shRNA Ctrl CIA groups receiving the same dose of AAV-shRNA. Spleen sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). RESULTS Compared to wt mouse spleens, aberrant expression of miR-204/-211 and SSRP1 was observed in the spleens of CIA mice. Immunized dKO mice exhibited a higher incidence of CIA onset and a more exacerbated RA disease phenotype, characterized by increased spleen inflammation score and elevated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and SSRP1 expression. AAV-shSSRP1 injection in CIA dKO mice significantly reduced spleen inflammation scores, IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels, and down-regulated Ki-67 expression compared to CIA dKO mice. CONCLUSION Knockout of miR-204/-211 exacerbated the onset of CIA in C57BL/6 mice, while miR-204/-211 played a protective role against the progression of splenic inflammatory and proliferative progression in RA by targeting SSRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kai-Jian Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center, Chongming District, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Hui Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yi-Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Saadh MJ, Ahmed HH, Singh A, Mustafa MA, Al Zuhairi RAH, Ghildiyal P, Jawad MJ, Alsaikhan F, Khalilollah S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Small molecule and big function: MicroRNA-mediated apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155508. [PMID: 39116571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune condition and chronic inflammatory disease, mostly affecting synovial joints. The complex pathogenesis of RA is supportive of high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Pathological changes a common characteristic in RA synovial tissue is attributed to the inadequacy of apoptotic pathways. In that regard, apoptotic pathways have been the center of attention in RA therapeutic approaches. As the regulators in the complex network of apoptosis, microRNAs (miRNAs) are found to be vital modulators in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways through altering their regulatory genes. Indeed, miRNA, a member of the family of non-coding RNAs, are found to be an important player in not even apoptosis, but proliferation, gene expression, signaling pathways, and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is implicated in attenuation and/or intensification of various apoptosis routes, resulting in culmination of human diseases including RA. Considering the need for more studies focused on the underlying mechanisms of RA in order to elevate the unsatisfactory clinical treatments, this study is aimed to delineate the importance of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of this disease. As well, this review is focused on the critical role of miRNAs in inducing or inhibiting apoptosis of RA-synovial fibroblasts and fibroblast-like synoviocytes and how this mechanism can be exerted for therapeutic purposes for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan.
| | | | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy-Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh-247341, India; Department of Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand- 831001, India.
| | | | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Khokhar M, Dey S, Tomo S, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Pandey RK. Unveiling Novel Drug Targets and Emerging Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1664-1693. [PMID: 38898941 PMCID: PMC11184612 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease, that causes joint damage, deformities, and decreased functionality. In addition, RA can also impact organs like the skin, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels. This autoimmune condition arises when the immune system erroneously targets the joint synovial membrane, resulting in synovitis, pannus formation, and cartilage damage. RA treatment is often holistic, integrating medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Its main objective is to achieve remission or low disease activity by utilizing a "treat-to-target" approach that optimizes drug usage and dose adjustments based on clinical response and disease activity markers. The primary RA treatment uses disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that help to interrupt the inflammatory process. When there is an inadequate response, a combination of biologicals and DMARDs is recommended. Biological therapies target inflammatory pathways and have shown promising results in managing RA symptoms. Close monitoring for adverse effects and disease progression is critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. A deeper understanding of the pathways and mechanisms will allow new treatment strategies that minimize adverse effects and maintain quality of life. This review discusses the potential targets that can be used for designing and implementing precision medicine in RA treatment, spotlighting the latest breakthroughs in biologics, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 receptor antagonists, TNF blockers, and disease-modifying noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sangita Dey
- CSO
Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt
Ltd, Bengaluru, 560066 Karnataka, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Liu XR, Li SF, Mei WY, Liu XD, Zhou RB. Isorhamnetin Downregulates MMP2 and MMP9 to Inhibit Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis through SRC/ERK/CREB Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:299-310. [PMID: 38212502 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of isorhamnetin on the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α -induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was exposed to additional isorhamnetin (10, 20 and 40 µ mol/L). Overexpression vectors for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) or MMP9 or SRC were transfected to explore their roles in isorhamnetin-mediated RA-FLS function. RA-FLS viability, migration, and invasion were evaluated. Moreover, a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established. Rats were randomly divided to sham, CIA, low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups using a random number table (n=5 in each group) and administed with normal saline or additional isorhamnetin [2, 10, and 20 mg/(kg·day)] for 4 weeks, respectively. Arthritis index was calculated and synovial tissue inflammation was determined in CIA rats. The levels of MMP2, MMP9, TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 β, as well as the phosphorylation levels of SRC, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB), were detected in RA-FLS and synovial tissue. Molecular docking was also used to analyze the binding of isorhamnetin to SRC. RESULTS In in vitro studies, isorhamnetin inhibited RA-FLS viability, migration and invasion (P<0.05). Isorhamnetin downregulated the levels of MMP2, MMP9, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 β in RA-FLS (P<0.05). The overexpression of either MMP2 or MMP9 reversed isorhamnetin-inhibited RA-FLS migration and invasion, as well as the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 β (P<0.05). Furthermore, isorhamnetin bound to SRC and reduced the phosphorylation of SRC, ERK, and CREB (P<0.05). SRC overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of isorhamnetin on RA-FLS viability, migration and invasion, as well as the negative regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 (P<0.05). In in vivo studies, isorhamnetin decreased arthritis index scores (P<0.05) and alleviated synovial inflammation. Isorhamnetin reduced the levels of MMP2, MMP9, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 β, as well as the phosphorylation of SRC, ERK, and CREB in synovial tissue (P<0.05). Notably, the inhibitory effect of isorhamnetin was more pronounced at higher concentrations (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Isorhamnetin exhibited anti-RA effects through modulating SRC/ERK/CREB and MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathways, suggesting that isorhamnetin may be a potential therapeutic agent for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Shuo-Fu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Wen-Ya Mei
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Xiang-Dan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Ri-Bao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
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Khachigian LM. The MEK-ERK-Egr-1 axis and its regulation in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107232. [PMID: 37734428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Multiple molecular and cellular processes underpinning the pathogenesis of CVD are regulated by the zinc finger transcription factor and product of an immediate-early gene, early growth response-1 (Egr-1). Egr-1 regulates multiple pro-inflammatory processes that underpin the manifestation of CVD. The activity of Egr-1 itself is influenced by a range of post-translational modifications including sumoylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. Egr-1 also undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinases, such as extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) which is itself phosphorylated by MEK. This article reviews recent progress on the MEK-ERK-Egr-1 cascade, notably regulation in conjunction with factors and agents such as TET2, TRIB2, MIAT, SphK1, cAMP, teneligliptin, cholinergic drugs, red wine and flavonoids, wogonin, febuxostat, docosahexaenoic acid and AT1R blockade. Such insights should provide new opportunity for therapeutic intervention in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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6
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Kalashnikova I, Cambell H, Kolpek D, Park J. Optimization and characterization of miRNA-129-5p-encapsulated poly (lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to reprogram activated microglia. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3439-3452. [PMID: 37383067 PMCID: PMC10295030 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have become a therapeutic target of many inflammation-mediated diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been proposed as an important regulator of immune responses. Specifically, miRNA-129-5p has been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of microglia activation. We have demonstrated that biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) modulated innate immune cells and limited neuroinflammation after injury to the CNS. In this study, we optimized and characterized PLGA-based NPs for miRNA-129-5p delivery to utilize their synergistic immunomodulatory features for activated microglia modulation. A series of nanoformulations employing multiple excipients including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), spermidine (Sp), or polyethyleneimine (PEI) for miRNA-129-5p complexation and miRNA-129-5p conjugation to PLGA (PLGA-miR) were utilized. We characterized a total of six nanoformulations through physicochemical, biochemical, and molecular biological methods. In addition, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of multiple nanoformulations. The data indicated that the immunomodulatory effects of nanoformulation, PLGA-miR with the excipient Sp (PLGA-miR+Sp) and PEI (PLGA-miR+PEI) were significant compared to other nanoformulations including naked PLGA-based NP. These nanoformulations promoted a sustained release of miRNA-129-5p and polarization of activated microglia into a more pro-regenerative phenotype. Moreover, they enhanced the expression of multiple regeneration-associated factors, while alleviating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Collectively, the proposed nanoformulations in this study highlight the promising therapeutic tools for synergistic immunomodulatory effects between PLGA-based NPs and miRNA-129-5p to modulate activated microglia which will have numerous applications for inflammation-derived diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kalashnikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
| | - Heather Cambell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
| | - Daniel Kolpek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 S. Limestone Lexington KY 40506 USA +1-859-257-1850
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
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7
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Wang Z, Wang J, Lan T, Zhang L, Yan Z, Zhang N, Xu Y, Tao Q. Role and mechanism of fibroblast-activated protein-α expression on the surface of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135384. [PMID: 37006278 PMCID: PMC10064071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-activated protein-α (FAP) is a type II integrated serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts during fibrosis or inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial sites abundantly and stably overexpress FAP and play important roles in regulating the cellular immune, inflammatory, invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis responses in the synovial region. Overexpression of FAP is regulated by the initial inflammatory microenvironment of the disease and epigenetic signaling, which promotes RA development by regulating FLSs or affecting the signaling cross-linking FLSs with other cells at the local synovium and inflammatory stimulation. At present, several treatment options targeting FAP are in the process of development. This review discusses the basic features of FAP expressed on the surface of FLSs and its role in RA pathophysiology and advances in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
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Hu X, Wang Z, Su P, Zhang Q, Kou Y. Advances in the research of the mechanism of secondary resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933248. [PMID: 36147927 PMCID: PMC9485670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. At present, surgery is the first-line treatment for primary resectable GISTs; however, the recurrence rate is high. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an effective first-line drug used for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic recurrent GISTs. More than 80% of patients with GISTs show significantly improved 5-year survival after treatment; however, approximately 50% of patients develop drug resistance after 2 years of IM treatment. Therefore, an in-depth research is urgently needed to reveal the mechanisms of secondary resistance to IM in patients with GISTs and to develop new therapeutic targets and regimens to improve their long-term prognoses. In this review, research on the mechanisms of secondary resistance to IM conducted in the last 5 years is discussed and summarized from the aspects of abnormal energy metabolism, gene mutations, non-coding RNA, and key proteins. Studies have shown that different drug-resistance mechanism networks are closely linked and interconnected. However, the influence of these drug-resistance mechanisms has not been compared. The combined inhibition of drug-resistance mechanisms with IM therapy and the combined inhibition of multiple drug-resistance mechanisms are expected to become new therapeutic options in the treatment of GISTs. In addition, implementing individualized therapies based on the identification of resistance mechanisms will provide new adjuvant treatment options for patients with IM-resistant GISTs, thereby delaying the progression of GISTs. Previous studies provide theoretical support for solving the problems of drug-resistance mechanisms. However, most studies on drug-resistance mechanisms are still in the research stage. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of the inhibition of drug-resistance mechanisms as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Su
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Youwei Kou
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Youwei Kou,
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Liu J, Xue J, Xu B, Yu J, Zhang Y, Qin L, Zhang A, Yang Y. miR-135a-5p mediated down-regulation of STAT6 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3092-3103. [PMID: 35702088 PMCID: PMC9185078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a chronic autoimmune disorder, seriously threatens human health. However, no study has thoroughly illustrated the etiology of RA. The present work focused on investigating the biological functions of STAT6 and the upstream miRNAs that regulate its expression. METHODS Synovial tissues from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and normal participants were acquired. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, concentrations of cytokines, miRNA and protein levels, and relative luciferase activities were detected. RESULTS WB and qRT-PCR showed that STAT6 was obviously up-regulated in synovial tissues of RA patients as well as RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA FLSs). Functionally, down-regulation of STAT6 significantly inhibited the growth of RA FLSs as indicated by EdU and CCK-8 assays. In addition, inhibition of STAT6 remarkably promoted apoptosis of RA FLSs. Besides, silence of STAT6 notably suppressed inflammatory cytokine levels, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Mechanistically, STAT6 was predicted to be the direct target of and negatively regulated by miR-135a-5p. Moreover, STAT6 was involved in the regulation of miR-135a-5p on cell growth, apoptosis and inflammatory response of RA FLSs. CONCLUSION miR-135a-5p/STAT6 is a potential novel therapeutic target for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junbo Yu
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Wuxi No. 9 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Department of Endoscopic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aixian Zhang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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MiR-129-5p Inactivates NF-κB Pathway to Block Rheumatoid Arthritis Development via Targeting BRD4. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:8330659. [PMID: 35494514 PMCID: PMC9042608 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8330659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methods The abundance of miR-129-5p was detected in the samples including normal tissues and RA tissues and cell lines including human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (hFLSs) and human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). The CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Transwell, and ELISA were used to observe the effects of miR-129-5p on the phenotype of RA-FLSs. Moreover, the potential targets of miR-129-5p were identified with TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Besides, the abundances of the proteins were analyzed with western blot. Results Decreased miR-129-5p was observed in RA tissues and cells. Increased miR-129-5p obviously blocked the proliferation, inflammatory stress, and migration and remarkably promoted cellular apoptosis. Moreover, BRD4 was confirmed as targets of miR-129-5p, and BRD4 upregulation could partly rescue the inhibition of miR-129-5p on aggressive behaviors of RA-FLSs. Besides, the finding of this study also proved that upregulated miR-129-5p could impede the NF-κB pathway via targeting BRD4. Conclusion This study suggests that miR-129-5p suppresses the activation of NF-κB pathway to block the progression of RA via targeting BRD4.
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11
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Li J, Guo S, Sun Z, Fu Y. Noncoding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808591. [PMID: 35174150 PMCID: PMC8841737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tracts and a model for the targeted therapy of solid tumors because of the oncogenic driver mutations in KIT and PDGDRA genes, which could be effectively inhibited by the very first targeted agent, imatinib mesylate. Most of the GIST patients could benefit a lot from the targeted treatment of this receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, more than 50% of the patients developed resistance within 2 years after imatinib administration, limiting the long-term effect of imatinib. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the non-protein coding transcripts of human, were demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the resistance of various chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of how ncRNAs functioning on the drug resistance in GIST. During the drug resistance of GIST, there were five regulating mechanisms where the functions of ncRNAs concentrated: oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, apoptosis, drug target changes, and some signaling pathways. Also, these effects of ncRNAs in drug resistance were divided into two aspects. How ncRNAs regulate drug resistance in GIST was further summarized according to ncRNA types, different drugs and categories of resistance. Moreover, clinical applications of these ncRNAs in GIST chemotherapies concentrated on the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuning Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
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12
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Wang QS, Fan KJ, Teng H, Chen S, Xu BX, Chen D, Wang TY. Mir204 and Mir211 suppress synovial inflammation and proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting Ssrp1. eLife 2022; 11:78085. [PMID: 36511897 PMCID: PMC9747153 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia. Mir204 and Mir211 are homologous miRNAs with the same gene targeting spectrum. It is known that Mir204/211 play an important role in protecting osteoarthritis development; however, the roles of Mir204/211 in RA disease have not been determined. In the present study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of Mir204/211 on synovial inflammation and hyperproliferation in RA. The effects of Mir204/211 on the inflammation and abnormal proliferation in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were examined by Mir204/211 gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in vitro and in vivo. We identified the structure-specific recognition protein 1 (Ssrp1) as a downstream target gene of Mir204/211 based on the bioinformatics analysis. We overexpressed Ssrp1and Mir204/211 in FLS to determine the relationship between Ssrp1 and Mir204/211 and their effects on synovial hyperplasia. We created a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in wild-type as well as Mir204/211 double knockout (dKO) mice to induce RA phenotype and administered adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Ssrp1-shRNA (AAV-shSsrp1) by intra-articular injection into Mir204/211 dKO mice. We found that Mir204/211 attenuated excessive cell proliferation and synovial inflammation in RA. Ssrp1 was the downstream target gene of Mir204/211. Mir204/211 affected synovial proliferation and decelerated RA progression by targeting Ssrp1. CIA mice with Mir204/211 deficiency displayed enhanced synovial hyperplasia and inflammation. RA phenotypes observed in Mir204/211 deficient mice were significantly ameliorated by intra-articular delivery of AAV-shSsrp1, confirming the involvement of Mir204/211-Ssrp1signaling during RA development. In this study, we demonstrated that Mir204/211 antagonize synovial hyperplasia and inflammation in RA by regulation of Ssrp1. Mir204/211 may serve as novel agents to treat RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kai-Jian Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bing-Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Huang J, Fu X, Chen X, Li Z, Huang Y, Liang C. Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686155. [PMID: 34305919 PMCID: PMC8299711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic poly-articular chronic autoimmune joint disease that mainly damages the hands and feet, which affects 0.5% to 1.0% of the population worldwide. With the sustained development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), significant success has been achieved for preventing and relieving disease activity in RA patients. Unfortunately, some patients still show limited response to DMARDs, which puts forward new requirements for special targets and novel therapies. Understanding the pathogenetic roles of the various molecules in RA could facilitate discovery of potential therapeutic targets and approaches. In this review, both existing and emerging targets, including the proteins, small molecular metabolites, and epigenetic regulators related to RA, are discussed, with a focus on the mechanisms that result in inflammation and the development of new drugs for blocking the various modulators in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Li X, Qu M, Zhang J, Chen K, Ma X. CircASH2L facilitates tumor-like biologic behaviours and inflammation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via miR-129-5p/HIPK2 axis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:302. [PMID: 33964939 PMCID: PMC8106127 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study showed that circular RNA Absent-Small-Homeotic-2--Like protein (circASH2L) was higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the roles and mechanisms of circASH2L in RA progression remain unclear. Methods Levels analysis was conducted using western blot and qRT-PCR. The proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration, invasiveness, and inflammation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) were determined via MTT, flow cytometry, western blot, transwell, and ELISA assays. Results CircASH2L knockdown in RA-FLSs suppressed cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities, triggered cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited inflammation. Mechanistically, circASH2L targeted miR-129-5p, and repression of miR-129-5p abolished the functions of circASH2L silencing on the growth, motility, and inflammation of RA-FLSs. Besides, miR-129-5p was found to directly target HIPK2, and suppressed the tumor-like biologic behaviors and inflammation of RA-FLSs via regulating HIPK2. Importantly, we proved that circASH2L could modulate HIPK2 expression via miR-129-5p. Conclusion CircASH2L promoted RA-FLS growth, motility, and inflammation through miR-129-5p/HIPK2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiting Qu
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kuanyin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Guangzhou First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Department of Rheumatism, Dongying City People's Hospital, No. 317, Nanyi Road, Dongying City, Shandong Province, China.
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15
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Mohaqiq M, Shoorei H, Taheri M. The Interplay Between Non-coding RNAs and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Neoplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634512. [PMID: 33768092 PMCID: PMC7985092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are polypeptides with similar sequences with insulin. These factors regulate cell growth, development, maturation, and aging via different processes including the interplay with MAPK, Akt, and PI3K. IGF signaling participates in the pathogenesis of neoplasia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome, cerebral ischemic injury, fatty liver disease, and several other conditions. Recent investigations have demonstrated the interplay between non-coding RNAs and IGF signaling. This interplay has fundamental roles in the development of the mentioned disorders. We designed the current study to search the available data about the role of IGF-associated non-coding RNAs in the evolution of neoplasia and other conditions. As novel therapeutic strategies have been designed for modification of IGF signaling, identification of the impact of non-coding RNAs in this pathway is necessary for the prediction of response to these modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- School of Advancement, Centennial College, Ashtonbee Campus, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biranjd University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Cheng Q, Chen X, Wu H, Du Y. Three hematologic/immune system-specific expressed genes are considered as the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis through bioinformatics analysis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 33407587 PMCID: PMC7789535 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease. However, early RA is difficult to diagnose due to the lack of effective biomarkers. This study aimed to identify new biomarkers and mechanisms for RA disease progression at the transcriptome level through a combination of microarray and bioinformatics analyses. METHODS Microarray datasets for synovial tissue in RA or osteoarthritis (OA) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R software. Tissue/organ-specific genes were recognized by BioGPS. Enrichment analyses were performed and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to understand the functions and enriched pathways of DEGs and to identify hub genes. Cytoscape was used to construct the co-expressed network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Biomarkers with high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of RA were validated by GEO datasets. The ggpubr package was used to perform statistical analyses with Student's t-test. RESULTS A total of 275 DEGs were identified between 16 RA samples and 10 OA samples from the datasets GSE77298 and GSE82107. Among these DEGs, 71 tissue/organ-specific expressed genes were recognized. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are mostly enriched in immune response, immune-related biological process, immune system, and cytokine signal pathways. Fifteen hub genes and gene cluster modules were identified by Cytoscape. Eight haematologic/immune system-specific expressed hub genes were verified by GEO datasets. GZMA, PRC1, and TTK may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of early RA. NEAT1-miR-212-3p/miR-132-3p/miR-129-5p-TTK, XIST-miR-25-3p/miR-129-5p-GZMA, and TTK_hsa_circ_0077158- miR-212-3p/miR-132-3p/miR-129-5p-TTK might be potential RNA regulatory pathways to regulate the disease progression of early RA. CONCLUSIONS This work identified three haematologic/immune system-specific expressed genes, namely, GZMA, PRC1, and TTK, as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of RA and provided insight into the mechanisms of disease development in RA at the transcriptome level. In addition, we proposed that NEAT1-miR-212-3p/miR-132-3p/miR-129-5p-TTK, XIST-miR-25-3p/miR-129-5p-GZMA, and TTK_hsa_circ_0077158-miR-212-3p/miR-132-3p/miR-129-5p-TTK are potential RNA regulatory pathways that control disease progression in early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Clinic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Clinic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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LncRNA FAM181A-AS1 promotes gliomagenesis by sponging miR-129-5p and upregulating ZRANB2. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20069-20084. [PMID: 33080570 PMCID: PMC7655169 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the functional and clinical significance of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FAM181A-AS1 in human gliomas. TCGA, GTEx and CGGA database analyses showed that high FAM181A-AS1 expression correlates with advanced tumor stage and poor survival of glioma patients. FAM181A-AS1 expression is higher in glioma cell lines compared to normal human astrocytes (NHA). CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation assays show that FAM181A-AS1 knockdown decreases proliferation and colony formation in glioma cells, whereas, FAM181A-AS1 overexpression reverses these effects. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-129-5p is a potential target of FAM181A-AS1. MiR-129-5p expression negatively correlates with FAM181A-AS1 expression in glioma patients. Dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-129-5p binds directly to FAM181A-AS1 in glioma cells. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays using anti-Ago2 antibody pulled down FAM181A-AS1 with miR-129-5p. Bioinformatics analysis identified ZRANB2 as a potential miR-129-5p target gene. Dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-129-5p binds directly to the 3'-UTR of ZRANB2 mRNA. Furthermore, miR-129-5p overexpression or ZRANB2 knockdown reduces proliferation and colony formation of FAM181A-AS1 overexpressing glioma cells. These findings show that FAM181A-AS1 promotes gliomagenesis by enhancing ZRANB2 expression by sponging of miR-129-5p.
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18
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Li Z, Qi F, Li F. Identification of drug targets and potential molecular mechanisms for Wantong Jingu Tablet extract in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: bioinformatics analysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Chin Med 2020; 15:59. [PMID: 32518584 PMCID: PMC7275334 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) play important roles in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Wantong Jingu Tablet (WJT), a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine, is a potentially effective therapy for RA, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we explore the effects of WJT on human RA-FLSs and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The major components of WJT were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). Cell proliferative ability was evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation assay, and EdU incorporation assay. Cell apoptotic capacity was examined by caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity test. Protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were investigated by western blotting. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to screen and identify targeted genes, followed by identification by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results In this study, we have identified 346 compounds in WJT. Our results showed that WJT inhibited the RA-FLSs proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. More importantly, 184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) has been screened after WJT treatment based on DEGSeq2 and 278 DEGs was identified by DEGSeq2 combined with WGCNA. Then, 10 hub genes were identified based on two different analyses, while the expression levels of only SMC3, THOC1, BUB1, and STAG2 were decreased after WJT treatment, which was identical to the sequencing profiles. Conclusions WJT exerted its anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects possibly through suppressing the expression of SMC3, THOC1, BUB1, and STAG2 in RA-FLSs. Thus, therapeutics targeting these genes may be a promising strategy for rescuing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Fangyuan Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China.,The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China.,Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang China
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Proinflammatory Effects of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 5 (USP5) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8295149. [PMID: 32214906 PMCID: PMC7085372 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8295149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease which is affecting approximately 1% of the total population. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In the current study, we were aiming to investigate the role of ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) in the inflammatory process in RA-FLS. Expression of USP5 was found upregulated in RA-FLS compared with that in osteoarthritis- (OA-) FLS, and IL-1β stimulation increased USP5 expression in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that USP5 overexpression significantly aggravated proinflammatory cytokine production and related nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling activation. Consistently, silencing of USP5 decreased the release of cytokines and inhibited the activation of NF-κB. In addition, USP5 was found to interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and remove its K48-linked polyubiquitination chains therefore stabilizing TRAF6. Our data showed that a USP5-positive cell regulates inflammatory processes in RA-FLS and suggested USP5 as a potential target for RA treatment.
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