Analysis of CASP12 diagnostic and prognostic values in cervical cancer based on TCGA database.Biosci Rep. 2019;39. [PMID: 31804677 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20192706]

Clinical significance of PDE2A in prognosis and immune infiltration in gastrointestinal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis

BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers, but its prognosis is still poor. Exploring potential biomarkers is an important aspect of cancer research. We intended to explore potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancer using bioinformatics methods.

AIM

To explore the correlation between the expression of PDE2A and immune infiltration in gastrointestinal cancer, and to investigate the prognostic value of PDE2A in gastrointestinal cancer.

METHODS

The mRNA and protein expression of PDE2A in different gastrointestinal cancers was analyzed based on the HPA, TIMER, and UALCAN databases. GEPIA database was used to investigate the effect of PDE2A on prognosis of patients with different gastrointestinal cancers. The relationship between PDE2A expression and immune infiltration was analyzed using the TIMER database. Frequencies of PDE2A mutations were analyzed using cBioPortal database. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of PDE2A was based on the STRING database.

RESULTS

The mRNA and protein expression of PDE2A in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), and esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) was lower than that in normal adjacent tissues. Patients with LIHC and PAAD with high PDE2A expression had a better prognosis. The expression of PDE2A was positively or negatively correlated with different immune cells such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in LIHC, STAD, PAAD, COAD, and ESCA. Finally, there were missense mutations in PDE2A gene in STAD, PAAD, COAD, and ESCA.

CONCLUSION

The expression of PDE2A is related to immune infiltration in gastrointestinal cancer. Patients with LIHC and PAAD with high PDE2A expression have a better prognosis. PDE2A may be a potential immunotherapy target and prognostic marker for gastrointestinal cancer.

Identification prognosis-associated immune genes in colon adenocarcinoma

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Immune genes (IGs) have a considerable correlation with tumor initiation and prognosis. The present paper aims to identify the prognosis value of IGs in COAD and conduct a prognosis model for clinical utility. Gene expression data of COAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), screening and analyzing differentially expressed IGs by bioinformatics. Core genes were screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Survival analysis was appraised by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to identify IGs’ relevant signal pathways. We predicted the overall survival (OS) by nomogram. Finally, a prognosis model was conducted based on 12 IGs (SLC10A2, CXCL3, NOX4, FABP4, ADIPOQ, IGKV1-33, IGLV6-57, INHBA, UCN, VIP, NGFR, and TRDC). The risk score was an independent prognostic factor, and a nomogram could accurately predict the OS of individual COAD patients. These results were validated in GSE39582, GSE12945, and GSE103479 cohorts. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these IGs are mainly enriched in hormone secretion, hormone transport, lipid transport, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway. In summary, the risk score is an independent prognostic biomarker. We also excavated several IGs related to COAD’s survival and maybe potential biomarkers for COAD diagnosis and treatment.