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Li Y, Zhou L, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G. Wheel Running During Pregnancy Alleviates Anxiety-and Depression-Like Behaviors During the Postpartum Period in Mice: The Roles of NLRP3 Neuroinflammasome Activation, Prolactin, and the Prolactin Receptor in the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2615-2635. [PMID: 38904910 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression among maternal disorder, its treatment outcomes remain suboptimal. Studies have shown that exercise can reduce postpartum depressive episodes in the mother, but the effects of exercise during pregnancy on maternal behavior and the potential mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. From the second day of pregnancy to the day of birth, dams exercised for 1 h a day by running on a controlled wheel. The maternal behaviors of the dams were assessed on postpartum day 2 to postpartum day 8. Chronic restraint stress was applied from postpartum day 2 to day 12. Blood was collected on postpartum days 3 and 8, then subjected to ELISA to determine the serum concentration of prolactin. The weight of each dam and the food intake were recorded. Anxiety- and depression-like behavioral tests were conducted, and hippocampal neuroinflammation and prolactin receptor levels were measured. The dams exhibited elevated levels of anxiety and depression, decreased serum prolactin levels, decreased prolactin receptor expression, and activation of NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus following the induction of postpartum chronic restraint stress, which were reversed with controlled wheel running during pregnancy. Overall, the findings of this study revealed that the preventive effects of exercise during pregnancy on postpartum anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were accompanied by increased serum prolactin levels, hippocampal prolactin receptor expression and hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Varela-Martínez E, Luigi-Sierra MG, Guan D, López-Béjar M, Casas E, Olvera-Maneu S, Gardela J, Palomo MJ, Osuagwuh UI, Ohaneje UL, Mármol-Sánchez E, Amills M. The landscape of long noncoding RNA expression in the goat brain. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4075-4091. [PMID: 38278299 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The brain regulates multiple metabolic processes, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, and glucose and fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, which are fundamental for the maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis during lactation and pregnancy. In addition, brain expression has a fundamental impact on the development of maternal behavior. Although brain functions are partly regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), their expression profiles have not been characterized in depth in any ruminant species. We have sequenced the transcriptome of 12 brain tissues from 3 goats that were 1 mo pregnant and 4 nonpregnant goats to investigate their lncRNA expression patterns. Between 4,363 (adenohypophysis) and 4,604 (olfactory bulb) lncRNAs were expressed in brain tissues, leading us to establish a set of 794 already annotated lncRNAs and 5,098 novel lncRNA candidates. The detected lncRNAs shared features with those of other mammals, and tissue-specific lncRNAs were enriched in brain development-related terms. Differential expression analyses between goats that were 1 mo pregnant and nonpregnant goats showed that the lncRNA expression profiles of certain brain regions experience substantial changes associated with early pregnancy (238 lncRNAs are differentially expressed in the olfactory bulb), but others do not. Enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs from the olfactory bulb are co-expressed with genes previously linked to behavioral changes related to pregnancy. These findings provide a first characterization of the landscape of lncRNA expression in the goat brain and provides valuable clues to understand the molecular events triggered by early pregnancy in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Varela-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena, Leioa 48940, Spain; Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - María Gracia Luigi-Sierra
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Dailu Guan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Manel López-Béjar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Encarna Casas
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Sergi Olvera-Maneu
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jaume Gardela
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Palomo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Uchebuchi Ike Osuagwuh
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Uchechi Linda Ohaneje
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Emilio Mármol-Sánchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Department de Ciència Animal I dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
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3
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DelaCuesta-Barrutia J, Hidema S, Caldwell HK, Nishimori K, Erdozain AM, Peñagarikano O. In need of a specific antibody against the oxytocin receptor for neuropsychiatric research: A KO validation study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:260-270. [PMID: 38554622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are one of the most utilized tools in biomedical research. However, few of them are rigorously evaluated, as there are no accepted guidelines or standardized methods for determining their validity before commercialization. Often, an antibody is considered validated if it detects a band by Western blot of the expected molecular weight and, in some cases, if blocking peptides result in loss of staining. Neither of these approaches are unquestionable proof of target specificity. Since the oxytocin receptor has recently become a popular target in neuropsychiatric research, the need for specific antibodies to be used in brain has arisen. In this work, we have tested the specificity of six commercially available oxytocin receptor antibodies, indicated by the manufacturers to be suitable for Western blot and with an available image showing the correct size band (45-55 KDa). Antibodies were first tested by Western blot in brain lysates of wild-type and oxytocin receptor knockout mice. Uterus tissue was also tested as control for putative differential tissue specificity. In brain, the six tested antibodies lacked target specificity, as both wild-type and receptor knockout samples resulted in a similar staining pattern, including the expected 45-55 KDa band. Five of the six antibodies detected a selective band in uterus (which disappeared in knockout tissue). These five specific antibodies were also tested for immunohistochemistry in uterus, where only one was specific. However, when the uterine-specific antibody was tested in brain tissue, it lacked specificity. In conclusion, none of the six tested commercial antibodies are suitable to detect oxytocin receptor in brain by either Western blot or immunohistochemistry, although some do specifically detect it in uterus. The present work highlights the need to develop standardized antibody validation methods, including a proper negative control, in order to grant quality and reproducibility of the generated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon DelaCuesta-Barrutia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Shizu Hidema
- Department of Obesity and Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Heather K Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Ohio, 44242, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Obesity and Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Amaia M Erdozain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Olga Peñagarikano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Leioa, 48940, Spain.
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Li R, Jin L, Hao K, Rong J, Duan H, Du Y, Yao L, Xiang D, Liu Z. Environmental enrichment attenuates depressive-like behavior in maternal rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis and promoting neuroplasticity. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100624. [PMID: 38524250 PMCID: PMC10958482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational stress can exacerbate postpartum depression (PPD), for which treatment options remain limited. Environmental enrichment (EE) may be a therapeutic intervention for neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, but the specific mechanisms by which EE might impact PPD remain unknown. Here we examined the behavioral, molecular, and cellular impact of EE in a stable PPD model in rats developed through maternal separation (MS). Maternal rats subjected to MS developed depression-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction together with evidence of significant neuroinflammation including microglia activation, neuronal apoptosis, and impaired synaptic plasticity. Expanding the duration of EE to throughout pregnancy and lactation, we observed an EE-associated reversal of MS-induced depressive phenotypes, inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and improvement in synaptic plasticity in maternal rats. Thus, EE effectively alleviates neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, damage to synaptic plasticity, and consequent depression-like behavior in mother rats experiencing MS-induced PPD, paving the way for new preventive and therapeutic strategies for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liuyin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jingtong Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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5
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Xie H, Xie Z, Luan F, Zeng J, Zhang X, Chen L, Zeng N, Liu R. Potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine in postpartum depression: Mechanisms and future directions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117785. [PMID: 38262525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric disorder in women after childbirth. Per data from epidemiologic studies, PPD affects about 5%-26.32% of postpartum mothers worldwide. Biological factors underlying this condition are multiple and complex and have received extensive inquiries for the roles they play in PPD. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), which is widely used as a complementary and alternative therapy for neurological disorders, possesses multi-component, multi-target, multi-access, and low side effect therapeutic characteristics. CHM has already shown efficacy in the treatment of PPD, and a lot more research exploring the mechanisms of its potential therapeutic effects is being conducted. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms of PPD, as well as samples the progress made in researching the potential role of CHM in treating the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched comprehensively in scholarly electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI and WanFang DATA, using the search terms "postpartum depression", "genetic", "hormone", "immune", "neuroinflammation", "inflammation", "neurotransmitter", "neurogenesis", "brain-gut axis", "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "herb", and an assorted combination of these terms. RESULTS PPD is closely associated with genetics, as well as with the hormones, immune inflammatory, and neurotransmitter systems, neurogenesis, and gut microbes, and these biological factors often interact and work together to cause PPD. For example, inflammatory factors could suppress the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inducing the regulation of tryptophan-kynurenine in the direction of neurotoxicity. Many CHM constituents improve anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by interfering with the above-mentioned mechanisms and have shown decent efficacy clinically against PPD. For example, Shen-Qi-Jie-Yu-Fang invigorates the neuroendocrine system by boosting the hormone levels of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axes, regulating the imbalance of Treg/T-helper cells (Th) 17 and Th1/Th2, and modulating neurotransmitter system to play antidepressant roles. The Shenguiren Mixture interferes with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway to enhance the number, morphology and apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampus of PPD rats. Other herbal extracts and active ingredients of CHM, such as Paeoniflorin, hypericin, timosaponin B-III and more, also manage depression by remedying the neuroendocrine system and reducing neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of PPD is complex and diverse, with the main pathogenesis not clear. Still, CHM constituents, like Shen-Qi-Jie-Yu-Fang, the Shenguiren Mixture, Paeoniflorin, hypericin and other Chinese Medicinal Formulae, active monomers and Crude extracts, treats PPD through multifaceted interventions. Therefore, developing more CHM components for the treatment of PPD is an essential step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, PR China.
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xiumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, PR China.
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6
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Luan X, Xing H, Guo F, Liu W, Jiao Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Gao S. The role of ncRNAs in depression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27307. [PMID: 38496863 PMCID: PMC10944209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders have a significant impact on public health, and depression have an unsatisfactory recurrence rate and are challenging to treat. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not code protein, which have been shown to be crucial for transcriptional regulation. NcRNAs are important to the onset, progress and treatment of depression because they regulate various physiological functions. This makes them distinctively useful as biomarkers for diagnosing and tracking responses to therapy among individuals with depression. It is important to seek out and summarize the research findings on the impact of ncRNAs on depression since significant advancements have been made in this area recently. Hence, we methodically outlined the findings of published researches on ncRNAs and depression, focusing on microRNAs. Above all, this review aims to improve our understanding of ncRNAs and provide new insights of the diagnosis and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Luan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuezhe Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Biomedical Center, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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7
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Jiang J, Yang M, Tian M, Chen Z, Xiao L, Gong Y. Intertwined associations between oxytocin, immune system and major depressive disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114852. [PMID: 37163778 PMCID: PMC10165244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prominent psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence rate. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already high prevalence of MDD. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients are unresponsive to conventional treatments, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Oxytocin, an endogenous neuropeptide, has emerged as a promising candidate with anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Oxytocin has been shown to alleviate emotional disorders by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the central immune system. The dysfunction of the immune system has been strongly linked to the onset and progression of depression. The central immune system is believed to be a key target of oxytocin in ameliorating emotional disorders. In this review, we examine the evidence regarding the interactions between oxytocin, the immune system, and depressive disorder. Moreover, we summarize and speculate on the potential roles of the intertwined association between oxytocin and the central immune system in treating emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoxian Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Talpo F, Spaiardi P, Castagno AN, Maniezzi C, Raffin F, Terribile G, Sancini G, Pisani A, Biella GR. Neuromodulatory functions exerted by oxytocin on different populations of hippocampal neurons in rodents. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1082010. [PMID: 36816855 PMCID: PMC9932910 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide widely known for its peripheral hormonal effects (i.e., parturition and lactation) and central neuromodulatory functions, related especially to social behavior and social, spatial, and episodic memory. The hippocampus is a key structure for these functions, it is innervated by oxytocinergic fibers, and contains OT receptors (OTRs). The hippocampal OTR distribution is not homogeneous among its subregions and types of neuronal cells, reflecting the specificity of oxytocin's modulatory action. In this review, we describe the most recent discoveries in OT/OTR signaling in the hippocampus, focusing primarily on the electrophysiological oxytocinergic modulation of the OTR-expressing hippocampal neurons. We then look at the effect this modulation has on the balance of excitation/inhibition and synaptic plasticity in each hippocampal subregion. Additionally, we review OTR downstream signaling, which underlies the OT effects observed in different types of hippocampal neuron. Overall, this review comprehensively summarizes the advancements in unraveling the neuromodulatory functions exerted by OT on specific hippocampal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Nicolas Castagno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Maniezzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Raffin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Terribile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Neurological Institute Foundation Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosario Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy,*Correspondence: Gerardo Rosario Biella,
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9
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Xia CY, Guo YX, Lian WW, Yan Y, Ma BZ, Cheng YC, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. The NLRP3 inflammasome in depression: Potential mechanisms and therapies. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106625. [PMID: 36563870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex, and has been considered as a key contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome is an effective method for depression treatment. In this review, we summarized current researches highlighting the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathology of depression. Firstly, we discussed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with depression and animal models. Secondly, we outlined the possible mechanisms driving the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Thirdly, we discussed the pathogenetic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in depression. Finally, we overviewed the current and potential antidepressants targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu-Xuan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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10
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He Y, Chen X, Wu M, Hou X, Zhou Z. What type of cell death occurs in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion? A review focusing on pyroptosis and its potential therapeutic implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1073511. [PMID: 36937182 PMCID: PMC10017988 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1073511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a major global disease with chronic cerebral blood flow reduction. It is also the main cause of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Pyroptosis, a novel form of cell death, is characterized by the rupture of the cell membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have identified the involvement of pyroptosis and its mediated inflammatory response in the pathological process of CCH. Therefore, preventing the activation of pyroptosis following CCH is beneficial to inhibit the inflammatory cascade and reduce brain injury. In this review, we discuss the research progress on the relationship between pyroptosis and CCH, in order to provide a reference for research in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan He
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhua Hou Zhenhua Zhou
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhua Hou Zhenhua Zhou
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11
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Zhu J, Jin J, Tang J. Oxytocin and Women Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:939-947. [PMID: 37096027 PMCID: PMC10122502 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s393499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that oxytocin was a viable therapy option for postpartum depression. However, the role remains controversial. To evaluate the efficacy of oxytocin on women postpartum depression, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EmBase for literatures from inception of the database to April 18th, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of oxytocin on postpartum depression were selected for this study. Six RCTs (195 women) were gathered. The effects of oxytocin were roughly divided into emotion and cognition. The modulation of oxytocin to women's emotion was demonstrated in four of the trials. The results were conflicting: One trial showed that oxytocin alleviated the depressive mood; two trials showed that oxytocin had no effect (but reduce negative thoughts in healthy mothers, or decrease the narcissistic trait); another trial showed that oxytocin aggravated depression. Women's cognition was shown to be regulated by oxytocin in four of the trials. In general, oxytocin enhanced postpartum depressive women's perception of their relationship with the infants. This systematic review showed that the effect of oxytocin on postpartum depression is still uncertain. We partly support that exogenous oxytocin might improve the cognition of women with postpartum depression to their infants, while the effect on emotion is still controversial. Further RCTs with larger samples and more diversified evaluation criteria are needed to better reveal its efficacy on postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jing Tang, Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shenyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-33189900, Email
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12
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Ng W, Ng SY. Remodeling of astrocyte secretome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: uncovering novel targets to combat astrocyte-mediated toxicity. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:54. [PMID: 36567359 PMCID: PMC9791755 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset paralytic disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Motor neuron degeneration is typically caused by a combination of intrinsic neuronal (cell autonomous) defects as well as extrinsic (non-cell autonomous) factors such as astrocyte-mediated toxicity. Astrocytes are highly plastic cells that react to their microenvironment to mediate relevant responses. In neurodegeneration, astrocytes often turn reactive and in turn secrete a slew of factors to exert pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic effects. Various efforts have been carried out to characterize the diseased astrocyte secretome over the years, revealing that pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines and microRNAs are the main players in mediating neuronal death. As metabolomic technologies mature, these studies begin to shed light on neurotoxic metabolites such as secreted lipids. In this focused review, we will discuss changes in the astrocyte secretome during ALS. In particular, we will discuss the components of the reactive astrocyte secretome that contribute to neuronal death in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winanto Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
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13
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Wang Y, Liu YJ, Zhang MM, Zhou H, Gao YH, Cheng WJ, Ye ZW, Yuan ZY, Xu GH, Li CF, Yi LT. CY-09 Alleviates the Depression-like Behaviors via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3291-3302. [PMID: 36399525 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental illness, mainly characterized as large mood swings and sleep, diet, and cognitive function disorders. NLPR3, one of the inflammasomes that can be activated by a variety of stimuli to promote the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study, the putative role of CY-09, a selective and direct inhibitor of NLRP3, was evaluated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. The results of the study indicated that CY-09 significantly decreased the levels of NLRP3 in the hippocampus of LPS-induced mice. In addition, CY-09 increased the sucrose preference and shortened the immobility time in LPS-induced mice, suggesting the antidepressant-like effects of inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochemical analysis showed that LPS significantly activated the NLRP3/ASC/cytokine signaling pathway and caused microglial activation, while CY-09 prevented the changes. Moreover, CY-09 increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) only in microglia but not in the whole hippocampus. Meanwhile, CY-09 did not promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus of LPS mice. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that the antidepressant-like effects of NLRP3 inhibitor CY-09 were mediated by alleviating neuroinflammation in microglia and independent of the neurotrophic function in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Han Gao
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Xu
- Xiamen Medicine Research Institute, Xiamen 361008, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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14
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Comparison of the chronic unpredictable mild stress and the maternal separation in mice postpartum depression modeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Zhu J, Jin J, Tang J. Inflammatory pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in postpartum depression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955672. [PMID: 36408212 PMCID: PMC9669749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder of women within the first year after delivery. It grievously damages women's physical and mental health. Inflammatory reaction theory is well-established in depression, and also has been reported associated with PPD. This review summarized the inflammatory pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in PPD, including decreased T cell activation, increased proinflammatory cytokines secretion, active kynurenine pathway, and initiated NLRP3 inflammasome. Clinical and preclinical research are both gathered. Potential therapeutical alternatives targeting the inflammatory mechanisms of PPD were introduced. In addition, this review briefly discussed the differences of inflammatory mechanisms between PPD and depression. The research of inflammation in PPD is limited and seems just embarking, which indicates the direction we can further study. As a variety of risky factors contribute to PPD collectively, therapy for women with PPD should be comprehensive, and clinical heterogeneity should be taken into consideration. As PPD has a predictability, early clinical screening and interventions are also needed. This review aims to help readers better understand the inflammatory pathological mechanisms in PPD, so as to identify biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activates neurotoxic astrocytes in depression-like mice. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Xue X, Pan J, Zhang H, Lu Y, Mao Q, Ma K. Baihe Dihuang (Lilium Henryi Baker and Rehmannia Glutinosa) decoction attenuates somatostatin interneurons deficits in prefrontal cortex of depression via miRNA-144-3p mediated GABA synthesis and release. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115218. [PMID: 35337919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baihe Dihuang Decoction is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (Also known as Lilium Henryi Baker and Rehmannia Glutinosa Decoction, LBRD) composed of Lilium Henryi Baker bulb and raw juice from Rehmannia Glutinosa (Gaertn) DC with the curative efficacy of nourishing yin and clearing heat based on the Chinese herbal medicine theory. It has been used as routine medication in treating depression combined with conventional western medicine in China for years. AIM OF THE STUDY LBRD can attenuates GABAergic deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of depression. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of antidepressive properties of LBRD in the prefrontal GABAergic interneuron subtypes, including parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive neuron. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this project, chronic unpredicted mild stress paradigm was adopted to construct depression model. After treated with LBRD standard decoction and behaviors test, the level of GABA associated miRNA/mRNA and GABAergic subtype-specific markers were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The lncRNAs/miRNAs/GABA regulatory axis was verified by luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down assay, and theses changes were measured in LBRD administration with the use of immunofluorescence staining and RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS In the current study, we found that LBRD exhibited high efficacy based on the results of behavioral tests. Meanwhile, LBRD also improved the reduced GABA levels in depression by increasing the expression of lncRNA Neat1 and Malat1, as well as decreasing miRNA-144-3p and miRNA-15b-5p. Moreover, the level of Sst mRNA and protein that were harvested from the mPFC tissues of depression group was significantly lower than those in the control mice. While, these changes can be reverted by LBRD standard decoction administration. Whereas, neither chronic stress nor treatment can change the level of PV and VIP mRNAs and protein expression. In the SST-positive neuron of mPFC tissues, treatment with LBRD standard decoction resulted in the elevation of Gad-67, VGAT, GAT-3 and a reduction of miRNA-144-3p expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that LBRD antidepressant activities may be related to ameliorating the SST-positive neuron deficits via regulating the miRNA-144-3p mediated GABA synthesis and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xue
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China; Institute of Virology, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250021, PR China
| | - Yanting Lu
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Mao
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
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18
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Yan M, Bo X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liao Y, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Guo J, Cheng J. Mangiferin Alleviates Postpartum Depression-Like Behaviors by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling in Microglia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:840567. [PMID: 35721155 PMCID: PMC9204178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.840567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD), a severe mental health disorder, is closely associated with decreased gonadal hormone levels during the postpartum period. Mangiferin (MGF) possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation. Growing evidence has suggested that neuroinflammation is involved in the development of depression. However, the role of MGF in the development of PPD is largely unknown. In the present study, by establishing a hormone-simulated pregnancy PPD mouse model, we found that the administration of MGF significantly alleviated PPD-like behaviors. Mechanistically, MGF treatment inhibited microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Moreover, we found that MGF treatment inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in vivo and in vitro. Together, these results highlight an important role of MGF in microglial activation and thus give insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for PPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Yan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuena Bo
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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He M, Fan J, Zhou R, Gao G, Li R, Zuo Y, Li B, Li Y, Sun T. NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis of Astrocytes Induced by Antipsychotics Is Inhibited by a Histamine H1 Receptor-Selective Agonist. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:847561. [PMID: 35615587 PMCID: PMC9125084 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.847561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that antipsychotic treatment causes brain volume loss and astrocyte death, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Pyroptosis, inflammatory cell death characterized by the formation of inflammatory bodies, increased expression of nod-like receptor proteins (NLRPs) such as NLRP3, and activation of caspases and gasdermin D (GSDMD) are largely associated with innate immunity, inflammation, and cell injury/death. However, the main effect of antipsychotics on astrocyte pyroptotic signaling and the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, 72-h treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol significantly decreased the viability of astrocytes. Twenty-four hour treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol dose-dependently increased the protein expression of astrocytic NLRP3, NLRP6, caspase-1, caspase-4, and GSDMD. Co-treatment with a histamine H1 receptor agonist, 2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) histamine (FMPH), dose-dependently reduced the increased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD induced by olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol. Moreover, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol treatment induced pore formation in the membranes of astrocytes, and these effects were inhibited by FMPH co-treatment. Taken together, antipsychotic treatment activated astrocyte pyroptotic signaling, and these effects may be related to antipsychotic-induced astrocyte death. H1 receptor activation is an effective treatment strategy to suppress antipsychotic-induced astrocyte pyroptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruqin Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxi Li
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - YuFeng Zuo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Benben Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Taolei Sun,
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Yanmei Li,
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20
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Nie K, Liu L, Peng L, Zhang M, Zhang C, Xiao B, Xia Z, Huang W. Effects of Meranzin Hydrate On the LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in the Hippocampus of a Rat Model of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:910-922. [PMID: 35099722 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Meranzin hydrate (MH) is a frequently used antidepressant drug in China; however it underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore whether MH could ameliorate depression-like behavior in rats by regulating the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We developed a depression-like rat model using an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were identified between the model group and MH group. Then, a ceRNA network responding to MH treatment was constructed by their corresponding relationships in the databases. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted to explore molecular mechanisms associated with MH treatment. The study indicated that rats in the model group showed loss of weight and deteriorated behavior in behavior tests compared with rats in the normal group. A total of 826 lncRNAs, 121 miRNAs, and 954 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of UCMS rats after MH treatment. In addition, 13 miRNAs were selected, and 12 of them were validated in the hippocampus by qRT-PCR. Then, we predicted upstream lncRNAs and downstream mRNAs of the validated miRNAs and interacted with the results of microarrays. Eventually, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, responding to MH treatment, was constructed based on the 314 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 221 mRNAs. KEGG pathways suggested that these genes may be highly related to Wnt signaling, axon guidance, and MAPK signaling pathways. All these results suggest that MH may be a potential representative compound for the treatment of depression, and its mechanism of action is related to the ceRNA modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechao Nie
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410001, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Luqi Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zian Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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21
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Chen M, Lai X, Wang X, Ying J, Zhang L, Zhou B, Liu X, Zhang J, Wei G, Hua F. Long Non-coding RNAs and Circular RNAs: Insights Into Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:745066. [PMID: 34675776 PMCID: PMC8523841 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.745066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes maintain tissue homeostasis in the nervous system. Both microglia and astrocytes have pro-inflammatory phenotype and anti-inflammatory phenotype. Activated microglia and activated astrocytes can contribute to several neurological diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), two groups of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to impair the microRNA (miRNA) inhibition on targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). LncRNAs and circRNAs are involved in various neurological disorders. In this review, we summarized that lncRNAs and circRNAs participate in microglia dysfunction, astrocyte dysfunction, neuron damage, and inflammation. Thereby, lncRNAs and circRNAs can positively or negatively regulate neurological diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), stroke, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides, we also found a lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in microglia and astrocyte mediated neurological diseases. Through this review, we hope to cast light on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and circRNAs in microglia and astrocyte mediated neurological diseases and provide new insights for neurological disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingning Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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22
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Friuli M, Eramo B, Valenza M, Scuderi C, Provensi G, Romano A. Targeting the Oxytocinergic System: A Possible Pharmacological Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammation Occurring in Different Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10250. [PMID: 34638587 PMCID: PMC8508899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation represents a central feature of different human pathologies including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. The epidemiologic relevance of such disorders justifies the increasing interest in further understanding the mechanisms underpinning the inflammatory process occurring in such chronic diseases to provide potential novel pharmacological approaches. The most common and effective therapies for controlling inflammation are glucocorticoids; however, a variety of other molecules have been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory potential, including neuropeptides. In recent years, the oxytocinergic system has seen an explosion of scientific studies, demonstrating its potential to contribute to a variety of physiological processes including inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to understand the role of oxytocin in the modulation of inflammation occurring in different chronic diseases. The criterion we used to select the diseases was based on the emerging literature showing a putative involvement of the oxytocinergic system in inflammatory processes in a variety of pathologies including neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and obesity. The evidence reviewed here supports a beneficial role of oxytocin in the control of both peripheral and central inflammatory response happening in the aforementioned pathologies. Although future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic details underlying such regulation, this review supports the idea that the modulation of the endogenous oxytocinergic system might represent a new potential pharmacological approach for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Barbara Eramo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
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23
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Zhang Q, Huang Q, Yao L, Liu W, Ruan J, Nong Y, Chen Y, Fan L, Wei J, Wang S, Sun L, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu F. Gestational Folic Acid Administration Alleviated Maternal Postpartum Emotional and Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:701009. [PMID: 34177603 PMCID: PMC8226135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational folic acid (FA) supplementation has been widely recognized for its benefits in preventing offspring defects, but its effect on postpartum females has not yet been adequately assessed. The occurrence of emotional and cognitive dysfunction is common in postpartum women, and its treatment remains limited. Considering the promising results of FA in various psychiatric disorders both in human and redents, we tested the effect of gestational FA administration on postpartum psychiatric behavioral phenotypes and the implicated brain-related mechanisms in a murine model. FA was administered orally in both the hormone-stimulated-pregnancy (HSP) model and pregnant mice at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg. Postpartum behavioral results showed that the disorders of cognitive performance, depressive, and anxiety-related behaviors were all alleviated in the 5 mg/kg FA group. However, the general development of their offspring remained unaffected. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot results revealed that FA pretreatment significantly activated the maternal hippocampal BDNF-related pathway. Morphological studies have confirmed that FA promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, synaptic plasticity and synaptic transmission are enhanced. All of these hippocampal changes play critical roles in rescuing neuronal function and behaviors. Thus, our data suggest that gestational FA administration has a therapeutic effect that improves cognition and reduces depression and anxiety in a murine postpartum model. This may be developed as a preventive and adjuvant therapeutic option for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Huang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Ruan
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Nong
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Wei
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songlu Wang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Luo D, Liu F, Zhang J, Shao Q, Tao W, Xiao R, Dai W, Qian K. Functional crosstalk between Long non-coding RNAs and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the regulation of diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 131:191-200. [PMID: 33446392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various pathophysiological processes of disease, such as cancer occurrence, viral invasion, and inflammatory damage. The main inflammatory body component, nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), is the trigger point of inflammatory reactions and inflammation-related diseases and coordinates the body's response to inflammation. At present, increasing evidence shows that the interaction of lncRNAs and the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the inflammatory response and different diseases. This may be involved in the development and progression of various diseases by activating signalling pathways and a variety of molecular regulatory mechanisms-this article reviews progress in research on the relationship between lncRNAs and the NLRP3 inflammasome under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shangrao City, No. 1 Jiannan Road, Xin Zhou District, Shangrao 334000, China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
| | - Wenqiang Tao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shangrao City, No. 1 Jiannan Road, Xin Zhou District, Shangrao 334000, China.
| | - Kejian Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
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