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Jiang S, Gao K, Zhang F, Wang Y, He X, Yang J. β-sitosterol alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating catalase. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35639. [PMID: 39165938 PMCID: PMC11334795 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the main active components of Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) on atherosclerosis and its mechanism of action. Bioinformatics analysis showed that β-sitosterol was the most likely active ingredient to mediate the anti-atherosclerotic effects. In vivo experiments showed that β-sitosterol inhibited plaque formation and platelet activation, and decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. In vitro experiments showed that β-sitosterol can inhibit lipid deposition and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, knocking down catalase (CAT), the direct target of β-sitosterol, not only promoted lipid deposition and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, but also activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and the mTOR inhibitor (ink-128) can eliminate the effect of CAT knockdown, suggesting that β-sitosterol may inhibit lipid deposition and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs by activating CAT and silencing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Lanshan District, NO.566, Lanshan West Road, Lanshan District, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huantai People's Hospital, No.2198, Huan Tai Avenue, Huantai suo Town, Zibo, 256400, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Qingdao, No.3, Jiaxiang Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Ningyang, No.872, Jinyang Street, Ningyang County, Taian, 271400, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Outpatient, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, No.157, Jinbi road, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
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Wang J, Li TL, Chang PF, Gao YQ, Fan JS, Zhang CH, Zhu HY. Clinical effects and mechanisms of a Chinese patent medicine, Tongxinluo capsule, as an adjuvant treatment in coronary heart disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27460. [PMID: 38533036 PMCID: PMC10963209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death globally, posing a serious threat to human health. However, the current treatment approaches available for CHD fall short of the ideal results. Tongxinluo (TXL) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been employed in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as angina pectoris, stroke, etc.) in China for many years and holds great potential as a prospective treatment. TXL either as a standalone treatment or in combination with interventions recommended in CHD guidelines has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in clinical trials for CHD. Drawing on the evidence from clinical trials and experimental studies, this review will focus on the cardiovascular protective properties and related mechanisms of TXL. By searching 8 Chinese and English databases, more than 4000 articles were retrieved. These articles were categorized, then read, and finally written into this review. In this review, the pharmacological properties of TXL include regulation of blood lipids, improvement of endothelial function, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of autophagy, anti-fibrosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and modulation of exosome communication. The information provided in this review will help the reader to comprehend better the insights that TCM has developed over time in practice and provide new perspectives for the treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tian Li Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pei Fen Chang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Qian Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jia Sai Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chen Hao Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science Affiliated Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Hai Yan Zhu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
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Li L, Feng P, Zhou W, Luo B, Deng L, Gan D, Wu X, Zhu F, Zhou X. Efficacy and safety of tongxinluo capsule for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1229299. [PMID: 38414926 PMCID: PMC10896841 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1229299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) is a common drug for treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (CHD). In recent years, many systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) have reported the efficacy and safety of TXLC for improving angina symptoms in patients with CHD. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the existing SRs and MAs of TXLC in treating angina pectoris of CHD, summarize the evidence quality, and provide scientific evidence and recommendations. Methods We searched seven databases for relevant SRs/MAs published up to 1 June 2023. Two reviewers independently completed the literature retrieval, screening, and data extraction. We used A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) to evaluate the methodological quality, the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) to assess the risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to determine the strength of the evidence. RevMan 5.3 was used to synthesize data. Results We identified 15 SRs/MAs, including 329 RCTs and 33,417 patients. According to the evaluation results of AMSTAR-2, only one SR was of high methodological quality, the others were very low. ROBIS assessment showed that one SR (6.67%) had a low risk, 3 SRs (20%) had an unclear risk, and 11 SRs (73.33%) had a high risk. We assessed 42 outcomes by the GRADE, 10 (23.81%) for moderate-quality evidence, 17 (40.48%) for low-quality evidence, and 15 (35.71%) for very-low-quality evidence. Mate-analysis showed that TXLC combined with conventional western medications improved electrocardiogram efficacy (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.43, P < 0.001) and angina efficacy (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 3.02-4.24, P < 0.001), reduced angina attack frequency (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.44, P < 0.001) and angina duration (SMD = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.28, P < 0.001), with general heterogeneity. The pooled results showed that TXLC appears to have some efficacy in improving cardiac function and relieving angina symptoms, but there is limited evidence that it improves cardiovascular event rates, hemorheology, lipids, or hs-CRP. In the assessment of drug safety, TXLC was associated with different degrees of adverse drug reactions. Conclusion Based on the evidence, TXLC may be effective as an adjuvant treatment for angina pectoris of CHD. However, the quality of the evidence is low, and the drug's safety must be carefully interpreted. In future studies, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of TXLC. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier (CRD42022365372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peimin Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Lvyu Deng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Daohui Gan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Fengya Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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Aliya S, Alhammadi M, Park U, Tiwari JN, Lee JH, Han YK, Huh YS. The potential role of formononetin in cancer treatment: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115811. [PMID: 37922652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer is one of the main research topics, due to its high incidence and drug resistance to existing anti-cancer drugs. Formononetin, a natural product with phytoestrogenic properties and diverse biological functions, has attracted the attention of researchers working on anticancer drugs. Formononetin emerges as an intriguing bioactive substance compared to other isoflavones as it exhibits potent chemotherapeutic activity with less toxicity. Formononetin effectively plays a significant role in inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and metastatic abilities of cancer cells by targeting major signaling pathways at the junction of interconnected pathways. It also induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by modulating mediator proteins. It causes upregulation of key factors such as p-AKT, p38, p21, and p53 and downregulation of NF-κB. Furthermore, formononetin regulates the neoplastic microenvironment by inactivating the ERK1/2 pathway and lamin A/C signaling and has been reported to inactivate JAK/STAT, PKB or AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and to suppress cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in human cancer cells. To assist researchers in further exploring formononetin as a potential anticancer therapeutic candidate, this review focuses on both in vitro and in vivo proof of concept studies, patents, and clinical trials pertinent to formononetin's anticancer properties. Overall, this review discusses formononetin from a comprehensive perspective to highlight its potential benefits as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Aliya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Munirah Alhammadi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Uichang Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra N Tiwari
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Huang AY, Xiong Z, Liu K, Chang Y, Shu L, Gao G, Zhang C. Identification of kaempferol as an OSX upregulator by network pharmacology-based analysis of qianggu Capsule for osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011561. [PMID: 36210811 PMCID: PMC9539404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of skeleton with reduced bone density and weaker bone. Qianggu Capsule as a traditional chinese medicine has been widely used to treat osteoporosis. The potential pharmacological mechanism of its active ingredient Gusuibu is not well understood. The purpose of this work is to analyze the anti-osteoporosis function of Gusuibu based on network pharmacology, and further explore the potential mechanism of Qianggu Capsule. The active compounds and their corresponding targets of Gusuibu were obtained from TCMSP, TCMID, and BATMAN-TCM databases. Potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis were obtained through DisGeNET, TTD, GeneCards, MalaCards, CTD, and OMIM databases. The overlapping targets of Gusuibu and osteoporosis were obtained. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed. The “Gusuibu-active compounds-target genes-osteoporosis” network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed, and the top hub genes were screened by using the plug-in CytoHubba. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding activity of hub genes and key compounds. We identified 21 active compounds and 140 potential therapeutic targets that may be related to Gusuibu and 10 hub genes (AKT1, IL6, JUN, TNF, MAPK3, VEGFA, EGFR, MAPK1, CASP3, PTGS2). Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that four key active small molecules in Gusuibu (including Luteolin, Naringenin, Kaempferol, and Beta-sitosterol) have excellent binding affinity to the target proteins encoded by the top 10 hub genes. Our new findings indicated that one key active compound kaempferol activated the expression of osteoblast specific transcription factor OSX through JNK kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Yehong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zhencheng Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuankuan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Chang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guolan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Zhang,
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Cheng Y, Xiao M, Chen J, Wang D, Hu Y, Zhang C, Wang T, Fu C, Wu Y, Zhang J. Quality assessment and Q-markers discovery of Tongsaimai tablet by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology for anti-atherosclerosis benefit. Chin Med 2022; 17:103. [PMID: 36056398 PMCID: PMC9438231 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The limited therapeutic outcomes of atherosclerosis (AS) have allowed, traditional Chinese medicine has been well established as an alternative approach in ameliorating AS and associated clinical syndromes. Clinically, Tongsaimai tablet (TSMT), a commercial Chinese patent medicine approved by CFDA, shows an obvious therapeutic effect on AS treatment. However, its effective mechanism and quality control still need thorough and urgent exploration. Methods The mice were orally administered with TSMT and their serum was investigated for the absorbed compounds using serum pharmacochemistry via the UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis was employed to investigate these absorbed compounds in serum of mice orally administrated with TSMT. Based on these absorbed prototype compounds in serum derived from TSMT, a component-target-disease network was constructed using network pharmacology strategy, which elucidated the potential bioactive components, effective targets, and molecular mechanisms of TSMT against AS. Further, the screened compounds from the component-target network were utilized as the quality control (QC) markers, determining multi-component content determination and HPLC fingerprint to assess quality of nine batches of TSMT samples. Results A total of 164 individual components were identified in TSMT. Among them, 29 prototype compounds were found in serum of mice administrated with TSMT. Based on these candidate prototype components, 34 protein targets and 151 pathways related to AS were predicted, and they might significantly exhibit potential anti-AS mechanisms via synergistic regulations of lipid regulation, shear stress, and anti-inflammation, etc. Five potentially bioactive ingredients in TSMT, including Ferulic acid, Liquiritin, Senkyunolide I, Luteolin and Glycyrrhizic acid in quantity not less than 1.2798, 0.4716, 0.5419, 0.1349, 4.0386 mg/g, respectively, screened from the component-target-pathway network. Thereby, these indicated that these five compounds of TMST which played vital roles in the attenuation of AS could serve as crucial marker compounds for quality control. Conclusions Overall, based on the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology, the present study firstly provided a useful strategy to establish a quality assessment approach for TSMT by screening out the potential anti-AS mechanisms and chemical quality markers. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00658-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Yang HY, Liu ML, Luo P, Yao XS, Zhou H. Network pharmacology provides a systematic approach to understanding the treatment of ischemic heart diseases with traditional Chinese medicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154268. [PMID: 35777118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of network pharmacology showed significant development. The concept of network pharmacology has many similarities to the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), making it suitable to understand the action mechanisms of TCM in treating complex diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases (IHDs). PURPOSE This review summarizes the representative applications of network pharmacology in deciphering the mechanism underlying the treatment of IHDs with TCM. METHODS In this report, we used "ischemic heart disease" OR "coronary heart disease" OR "coronary artery disease" OR "myocardial ischemia" AND ("network pharmacology" OR "systematic pharmacology") as keywords to search for publications from PubMed, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and then analyzed the representative research reports that summarized and validated the active components and targets network of TCM in improving IHDs to show the advantages and deficiencies of network pharmacology applied in TCM research. RESULTS The network pharmacology research indicated that HGF, PGF, MMP3, INSR, PI3K, MAPK1, SRC, VEGF, VEGFR-1, NO, eNOS, NO3, IL-6, TNF-α, and more are the main targets of TCM. Apigenin, 25S-macrostemonoside P, ginsenosides Re, Rb3, Rg3, SheXiang XinTongNing, colchicine, dried ginger-aconite decoction, Suxiao Xintong dropping pills, Ginseng-Danshen drug pair and Shenlian and more are the active ingredients, extracts, and formulations of TCM to ameliorate IHDs. These active compounds, extract, and formulations of TCM treat IHDs by delaying ventricular remodeling, reducing myocardial fibrosis, decreasing reactive oxygen species, regulating myocardial energy metabolism, ameliorating inflammation, mitigating apoptosis, and many other aspects. CONCLUSIONS The network pharmacology supplies a novel research exemplification for understanding the treatment of IHDs with TCM. However, the application of network pharmacology in TCM studies is still at a superficial level. By rational combining artificial intelligence technology and network pharmacology, molecular biology, metabolomics, and other advanced theories and technologies, and systematically studying the metabolic process and the network among products, targets, and pathways of TCM from the clinical perspective may be a potential development trend in network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yi Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China
| | - Men-Lan Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P R China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, P R China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P R China.
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Efficacy and Safety of Different Courses of Tongxinluo Capsule as Adjuvant Therapy for Coronary Heart Disease after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11112991. [PMID: 35683377 PMCID: PMC9181557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the efficacy and safety of different courses of TXLC for CHD after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been systematically evaluated yet. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database were searched from the inception to 26 August 2021. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed- or random-effects model. The risk of adverse cardiovascular events, mortality, or adverse effects was evaluated by risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Thirty-four studies involving 3652 patients were finally included. After the 6-month treatment, compared with conventional treatment alone, TXLC combined with conventional treatment achieved better efficacy in lowering the risk of angiographic restenosis (RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28−0.48, p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.25−0.60, p < 0.001), heart failure (RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.18−0.56, p < 0.001), angina (RR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.17−0.38, p < 0.001), revascularization (RR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09−0.46, p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (RR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.10−0.58, p = 0.001), and mortality due to any cardiovascular event (RR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09−0.80, p = 0.018). After the 12-month treatment, TXLC reduced the recurrence risk of angina (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20−0.80, p = 0.009). However, there was no difference in any outcomes after the 3-month treatment. Besides, no difference was found in the incidence of adverse effects after the 3-month and 6-month treatments (3 months: RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.35−1.56, p = 0.418; 6 months: RR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.74−3.93, p = 0.209). The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate due to the risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision. TXLC showed beneficial effects on reducing the adverse cardiovascular events without compromising safety for CHD patients after PCI on the 6-month course. However, due to the unavoidable risk of bias, more high-quality and long-term studies are still needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXLC in many countries, not only in China.
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Li P, Xin Q, Hui J, Yuan R, Wang Y, Miao Y, Lee SMY, Leng SX, Cong W. Efficacy and Safety of Tongxinluo Capsule as Adjunctive Treatment for Unstable Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:742978. [PMID: 34707500 PMCID: PMC8544810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.742978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) is a commonly used Chinese medicine for unstable angina pectoris (UA). This article aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of TXLC as an adjunctive treatment for UA. Two reviewers searched 7 databases from inception to August 2021, and performed literature screening and information extraction independently. The meta-analysis was implemented after evaluating the methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for testing the stability of the results, and the Begg and Egger tests were performed for any potential publication bias. After eligibility assessment, 42 RCTs with a total of 5,421 participants were included. Evidence showed that TXLC reduced the rate of cardiovascular events [RR = 0.29, 95% CI (0.19, 0.45), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%] {including cardiovascular mortality [RR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.03, 0.88), p = 0.03, I 2 = 20%], the incidence of acute myocardial infarction [RR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.13, 0.57), p = 0.0006, I 2 = 0%] and the occurrence of revascularization [RR = 0.28, 95% CI (0.15,0.54), p = 0.0001, I 2 = 0%]}, all-cause mortality [RR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.06, 0.99), p = 0.05, I 2 = 19%], recurrence of angina [RR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.11, 0.61), p = 0.002, I 2 = 0%], the number of ST-segment depression [MD = -0.45, 95% CI (-0.69, -0.20), p = 0.0005, I 2 = 0%], the summation of ST-segment depression [MD = -0.70, 95% CI (-1.08, -0.32), p = 0.0003, I 2 = 70%] and the hypersensitive C-reactive protein level [MD = -2.86, 95% CI (-3.73, -1.99), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 86%], increased the nitric oxide level [MD = 11.67, 95% CI (8.33, 15.02), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 33%], improved the electrocardiogram change [RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.16, 1.30), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%] and the clinical efficacy in UA [RR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.21, 1.32), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 24%], and relieved the symptoms of angina pectoris {including chest pain or tightness [RR = 1.13, 95% CI (0.97, 1.32), p = 0.12, I 2 = 30%], palpitations [RR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.18, 1.84), p = 0.0007, I 2 = 0%], shortness of breath [RR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.24, 1.88), p < 0.0001, I 2 = 0%], and asthenia [RR = 1.69, 95% CI (0.83, 3.43), p = 0.15, I 2 = 90%]}. The most common adverse effect was gastrointestinal symptoms which could be relieved and eliminated through dose reduction, medication time adjustment and symptomatic remedy. Collectively, TXLC was effective and considerably safe for UA. However, due to the unavoidable risk of bias, these results must be interpreted with caution and further verified by large-scale and high-quality RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021232771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Hui
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Chen D, Wu Y, Chen Y, Chen Q, Ye X, Xu S, Luo S. Exploration of the molecular targets and mechanisms of suxiao xintong dropping pills for myocardial infarction by network pharmacology method. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20204211. [PMID: 34286341 PMCID: PMC8350434 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suxiao Xintong dropping pills (SXXTDP), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely applied for treating myocardial infarction (MI). However, its therapy mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, this research is designed to explore the molecular mechanisms of SXXTDP in treating MI. METHODS The active ingredients of SXXTDP and their corresponding genes of the active ingredients were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. MI-related genes were identified via analyzing the expression profiling data (accession number: GSE97320). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed to study the shared genes of drug and disease. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba, the hub genes were screened out. The compounds and hub targets binding were simulated through molecular docking method. RESULTS We obtained 21 active compounds and 253 corresponding target genes from TCMSP database. 1833 MI-related genes were identified according to P<0.05 and |log2FC| ≥ 0.5. 27 overlapping genes between drug and disease were acquired. GO analysis indicated that overlapping genes were mainly enriched in MAP kinase activity and antioxidant activity. KEGG analysis indicated that overlapping genes were mainly enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. We obtained 10 hub genes via cytoHubba plugin. Six of the 10 hub genes, including PTGS2, MAPK14, MMP9, MAPK1, NFKBIA, and CASP8, were acted on molecular docking verification with their corresponding compounds of SXXTDP. CONCLUSION SXXTDP may exert cardioprotection effect through regulating multiple targets and multiple pathways in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiaoxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xianhua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shanghua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shunxiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, Fujian Province, China
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11
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Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction in Treating Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5510290. [PMID: 33880122 PMCID: PMC8046540 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5510290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this work is to study the mechanism of action of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) in the treatment of osteoporosis based on the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology. Methods In this study, the active compounds of each medicinal ingredient of DHJSD and their corresponding targets were obtained from TCMSP database. Osteoporosis was treated as search query in GeneCards, MalaCards, DisGeNET, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), and OMIM databases to obtain disease-related genes. The overlapping targets of DHJSD and osteoporosis were identified, and then GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. Cytoscape was employed to construct DHJSD-compounds-target genes-osteoporosis network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. CytoHubba was utilized to select the hub genes. The activities of binding of hub genes and key components were confirmed by molecular docking. Results 174 active compounds and their 205 related potential targets were identified in DHJSD for the treatment of osteoporosis, including 10 hub genes (AKT1, ALB, IL6, MAPK3, VEGFA, JUN, CASP3, EGFR, MYC, and EGF). Pathway enrichment analysis of target proteins indicated that osteoclast differentiation, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway were the specifically major pathways regulated by DHJSD against osteoporosis. Further verification based on molecular docking results showed that the small molecule compounds (Quercetin, Kaempferol, Beta-sitosterol, Beta-carotene, and Formononetin) contained in DHJSD generally have excellent binding affinity to the macromolecular target proteins encoded by the top 10 genes. Conclusion This study reveals the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway of DHJSD against osteoporosis and provides novel insights for verifying the mechanism of DHJSD in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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