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Lei S, Cao W, Zeng Z, Wang L, Lan J, Chen T. Cynaroside Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest by Downregulating Cell Division Cycle 25A in Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1508. [PMID: 38611789 PMCID: PMC11013184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural chemicals derived from herbal plants have recently been recognized as potentially useful treatment alternatives owing to their ability to target a wide range of important biological molecules. Cynaroside is one of these natural compounds with promising anticancer activity for numerous tumor types. Nevertheless, the anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of action of cynaroside on colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, cynaroside was found to markedly inhibit CRC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Cynaroside also inhibited cell proliferation in vivo and decreased the expression of KI67, a cell nuclear antigen. RNA sequencing revealed 144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCT116 cells and 493 DEGs in RKO cells that were enriched in the cell cycle signaling pathway. Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), a DEG widely enriched in the cell cycle signaling pathway, is considered a key target of cynaroside in CRC cells. Cynaroside also inhibited DNA replication and arrested cells in the G1/S phase in vitro. The expression levels of CDC25A and related G1-phase proteins were significantly elevated after CDC25A overexpression in CRC cells, which partially reversed the inhibitory effect of cynaroside on CRC cell proliferation and G1/S-phase arrest. In summary, cynaroside may be used to treat CRC as it inhibits CDC25A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Wenpeng Cao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China;
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Jinzhi Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, China
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2
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Vijayakumar S, Kumar LL, Borkotoky S, Murali A. The Application of MD Simulation to Lead Identification, Vaccine Design, and Structural Studies in Combat against Leishmaniasis - A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1089-1111. [PMID: 37680156 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230901105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery, vaccine design, and protein interaction studies are rapidly moving toward the routine use of molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and related methods. As a result of MDS, it is possible to gain insights into the dynamics and function of identified drug targets, antibody-antigen interactions, potential vaccine candidates, intrinsically disordered proteins, and essential proteins. The MDS appears to be used in all possible ways in combating diseases such as cancer, however, it has not been well documented as to how effectively it is applied to infectious diseases such as Leishmaniasis. As a result, this review aims to survey the application of MDS in combating leishmaniasis. We have systematically collected articles that illustrate the implementation of MDS in drug discovery, vaccine development, and structural studies related to Leishmaniasis. Of all the articles reviewed, we identified that only a limited number of studies focused on the development of vaccines against Leishmaniasis through MDS. Also, the PCA and FEL studies were not carried out in most of the studies. These two were globally accepted utilities to understand the conformational changes and hence it is recommended that this analysis should be taken up in similar approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhomoi Borkotoky
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayaluru Murali
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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3
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Venmathi Maran BA, Palaniveloo K, Mahendran T, Chellappan DK, Tan JK, Yong YS, Lal MTM, Joning EJ, Chong WS, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Shah MD. Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:6075. [PMID: 37630329 PMCID: PMC10460075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections and parasitic leeches, which can have a negative impact on the environment and health. In the present study, we investigated the antivibrio and antiparasitic activities of the aqueous extract of giant sword fern (GSF) (Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepidaceae, locally known as "Paku Pedang") against four Vibrio spp. and the parasitic leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, as well as its metabolic composition using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UHPLC-HRMS). The data show that the aqueous extract of GSF at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibits potent bactericidal activity against V. parahaemolyticus with a zone of inhibition of 19.5 mm. In addition, the extract showed dose-dependent activity against leeches, resulting in the complete killing of the parasitic leeches within a short period of 11-43 min when tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 25 mg/mL. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected 118 metabolites in the aqueous extract of GSF. Flavonoids were the primary metabolites, followed by phenolic, aromatic, fatty acyl, terpenoid, vitamin and steroidal compounds. Notably, several of these metabolites possess antibacterial and antiparasitic properties, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, apigenin, quercetin, cynaroside, luteolin, naringenin, wogonin, 6-gingerol, nicotinamide, abscisic acid, daidzein, salvianolic acid B, etc. Overall, our study shows the significant antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of the GSF aqueous extract, which demonstrates the presence of valuable secondary metabolites. Consequently, the aqueous extract is a promising natural alternative for the effective control of Vibrio infections and the treatment of parasitic leeches in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.P.); (T.M.)
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Thivyalaxmi Mahendran
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Elliecpearl Jasca Joning
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Wei Sheng Chong
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Olga Babich
- Research and Education Center “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Research and Education Center “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
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Brioschi MBC, Coser EM, Coelho AC, Gadelha FR, Miguel DC. Models for cytotoxicity screening of antileishmanial drugs: what has been done so far? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106612. [PMID: 35691601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have demonstrated the in vitro potential of an impressive number of antileishmanial candidates in the past years. However, the lack of uniformity regarding the choice of cell types for cytotoxicity assays may lead to uncomparable and inconclusive data. In vitro assays relying solely on non-phagocytic cell models may not represent a realistic result as the effect of an antileishmanial agent should ideally be presented based on its cytotoxicity profile against reticuloendothelial system cells. In the present review, we have assembled studies published in the scientific literature from 2015 to 2021 that explored leishmanicidal candidates, emphasising the main host cell models used for cytotoxicity assays. The pros and cons of different host cell types as well as primary cells and cell lines are discussed in order to draw attention to the need to establish standardised protocols for preclinical testing when assessing new antileishmanial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B C Brioschi
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M Coser
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano C Coelho
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Gadelha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Kant V, Kumar P, Ranjan R, Kumar P, Mandal D, Vijayakumar S. In silico screening, molecular dynamic simulations, and in vitro activity of selected natural compounds as an inhibitor of Leishmania donovani 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2093-2109. [PMID: 35536513 PMCID: PMC9085559 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Leishmania sp., the enzymes of de novo cysteine biosynthesis pathway require sulfide. Other organisms utilize sulfide through the sulfide reduction pathway, but Leishmania lacks the gene that encodes these enzymes. Hence, the major source of sulfide for Leishmania is believed to be from the action of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) on 3-mercapto-pyruvate (3MP). There has been no effort reported in the past to screen inhibitors against L. donovani 3MST (Ld3MST). As a result, this study examines natural compounds that are potent against Ld3MST and validates it by in vitro activity and cytotoxicity tests. Initially, a library of ~ 5000 natural compounds was subjected to molecular docking approach for screening, and the best hit was validated using a long-term molecular dynamic simulation (MD). Among the docking results, quercetine-3-rutinoside (Rutin) was deemed the best hit. The results of the MD indicated that Rutin was highly capable of interacting with the varied active site segments, possibly blocking substrate access. Additionally, promastigotes and amastigotes were tested for Rutin activity and the IC50 was found to be 40.95 and 90.09 μM, respectively. Similarly, the cytotoxicity assay revealed that Rutin was not toxic even at a concentration of 819.00 μM to THP-1 cell lines. Additionally, the Ld3MST was cloned, purified, and evaluated for enzyme activity in the presence of Rutin. Reduction in the enzyme activity (~ 85%) was observed in the presence of ~ 40 μM Rutin. Thus, this study suggests that Rutin may act as a potent inhibitor of Ld3MST. With further in vivo investigations, Rutin could be a small molecule of choice for combating leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Kant
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Division of Bioinformatics, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
| | - Saravanan Vijayakumar
- Division of Bioinformatics, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
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6
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Kumari D, Singh K. Exploring the paradox of defense between host and Leishmania parasite. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108400. [PMID: 34890999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, still remains a global concern for the healthcare sector. The primary causative agents of the disease comprise diverse leishmanial species, leading to recurring failures in disease diagnosis and delaying the initiation of appropriate chemotherapy. Various species of the Leishmania parasite cause diverse clinical manifestations ranging from skin ulcers to systemic infections. Therefore, host immunity in response to different forms of infecting species of Leishmania becomes pivotal in disease progression or regression. Thus, understanding the paradox of immune arsenals during host and parasite interface becomes crucial to eliminate this deadly disease. In the present review, we have elaborated on the immunological perspectives of the disease and discussed primary host immune cells that form a defense line to counteract parasite infection. Furthermore, we also have shed light on the immune cells and effector molecules responsible for parasite survival in host lethal milieu/ environment. Next, we have highlighted recent molecules/compounds showing potent leishmanicidal activities pertaining to their pro-oxidant and immuno-modulatory mechanisms. This review addresses an immuno-biological overview of the factors influencing the parasitic disease, as this knowledge can aid in the unraveling/ identification of potential biomarkers, novel therapeutics, and vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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Ali R, Tabrez S, Akand SK, Rahman F, Husein A, Arish M, Alqahtani AS, Ahmed MZ, Husain M, Rub A. Sesamol Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Leishmania donovani. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:749420. [PMID: 34778106 PMCID: PMC8581470 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.749420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani (L. donovani), is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. It is largely responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Currently, available therapeutics have lots of limitations including high-cost, adverse side-effects, painful route of administration, less efficacy, and resistance. Therefore, it is time to search for cheap and effective antileishmanial agents. In the present work, we evaluated the antileishmanial potential of sesamol against promastigotes as well as intracellular amastigotes. Further, we tried to work out its mechanism of antileishmanial action on parasites through different assays. Methodology In vitro and ex vivo antileishmanial assays were performed to evaluate the antileishmanial potential of sesamol on L. donovani. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay on human THP-1-derived macrophages. Sesamol-induced morphological and ultrastructural changes were determined by electron microscopy. H2DCFDA staining, JC-1dye staining, and MitoSOX red staining were performed for reactive oxygen assay (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial superoxide, respectively. Annexin V/PI staining for apoptosis, TUNEL assay, and DNA laddering for studying sesamol-induced DNA fragmentation were performed. Conclusions Sesamol inhibited the growth and proliferation of L. donovani promastigotes in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduced the intracellular parasite load without causing significant toxicity on host-macrophages. Overall, it showed antileishmanial effects through induction of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis-like cell death to parasites. Our results suggested the possible use of sesamol for the treatment of leishmaniasis after further in vivo validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sajjadul Kadir Akand
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Atahar Husein
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Arish
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abdur Rub
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Živković J, Šavikin K, Ćujić‐Nikolić N, Janković T. Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters for improving content of acteoside, luteolin‐7‐
O
‐glucoside, and total polyphenols in extracts of
Plantago lanceolata
aerial parts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pančić” Belgrade Serbia
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pančić” Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nada Ćujić‐Nikolić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pančić” Belgrade Serbia
| | - Teodora Janković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pančić” Belgrade Serbia
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9
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Tabrez S, Rahman F, Ali R, Akand SK, Alaidarous MA, Alshehri BM, Banawas S, Dukhyil AAB, Rub A. Targeting sterol alpha-14 demethylase of Leishmania donovani to fight against leishmaniasis. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1037-1047. [PMID: 33817826 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. It is endemic in more than 89 different countries worldwide. Sterol alpha-14 demethylase (LdSDM), a sterol biosynthetic pathway enzyme in Leishmania donovani, plays an essential role in parasite survival and proliferation. Here, we used a drug repurposing approach to virtually screen the library of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs against LdSDM to identify the potential lead-drug against leishmaniasis. Zafirlukast and avodart showed the best binding with LdSDM. Zafirlukast was tested for in vitro antileishmanial assay, but no significant effect on L. donovani promastigotes was observed even at higher concentrations. On the other hand, avodart profoundly inhibited parasite growth at relatively lower concentrations. Further, avodart showed a significant decrease in the number of intra-macrophagic amastigotes. Avodart-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the parasites in a dose-dependent manner. ROS induced by avodart led to the induction of apoptosis-like cell death in the parasites as observed through annexin V/PI staining. Here, for the first time, we reported the antileishmanial activity and its possible mechanism of action of FDA-approved drug, avodart, establishing a nice example of the drug-repurposing approach. Our study suggested the possible use of avodart as an effective antileishmanial agent after further detailed validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahat Ali
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sajjadul Kadir Akand
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Mohammed Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, New Delhi, India
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10
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Ali R, Tabrez S, Rahman F, Alouffi AS, Alshehri BM, Alshammari FA, Alaidarous MA, Banawas S, Dukhyil AAB, Rub A. Antileishmanial Evaluation of Bark Methanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8548-8560. [PMID: 33817515 PMCID: PMC8015128 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) is an important medicinal plant, found in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Every part of the plant possesses a wide array of biologically active and therapeutically important compounds. We reported the antileishmanial activity of A. nilotica bark methanolic extract through in vitro antileishmanial assays and dissected the mechanism of its action through in silico studies. Bark methanolic extract exhibited antipromastigote and antiamastigote potential in a time and dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 19.6 ± 0.9037 and 77.52 ± 5.167 μg/mL, respectively. It showed cytotoxicity on THP-1-derived human macrophages at very high dose with a CC50 value of 432.7 ± 7.71 μg/mL. The major constituents identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, 13-docosenoic acid, lupeol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and 6-octadecanoic acid, showed effective binding with the potential drug targets of Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) including sterol 24-c-methyltransferase, trypanothione reductase, pteridine reductase, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, suggesting the possible mechanism of its antileishmanial action. Pharmacokinetic studies on major phytoconstituents analyzed by GC-MS supported their use as safe antileishmanial drug candidates. This study proved the antileishmanial potential of bark methanolic extract A. nilotica and its mechanism of action through the inhibition of potential drug targets of L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ali
- Infection
and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Infection
and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman
- Infection
and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Bader M. Alshehri
- College
of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Al-Majma’ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
- College
of Sciences and Literature Microbiology, Northern Border University, Arar 73222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alaidarous
- College
of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Al-Majma’ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Deanship
of Scientific Research, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Al Majma’ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- College
of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Al-Majma’ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Deanship
of Scientific Research, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Al Majma’ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- College
of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Al-Majma’ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection
and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
- . Phone: +91-9560887383
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Tabrez S, Rahman F, Ali R, Akand SK, Alaidarous MA, Banawas S, Dukhyil AAB, Rub A. Hesperidin Targets Leishmania donovani Sterol C-24 Reductase to Fight against Leishmaniasis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8112-8118. [PMID: 33817470 PMCID: PMC8014934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a naturally occurring flavanoid, is present in citrus family of fruits. It was found effective against an array of pathogens including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Here, we evaluated its antileishmanial activity and possible mechanism of action through different in vitro and in silico experiments. It inhibited the growth and proliferation of the parasites significantly with a IC50 value of 1.019 ± 0.116 mM in vitro. It also reduced the growth of intra-macrophagic amastigotes with a IC50 value of 0.2858 ± 0.01398 mM. It induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in parasites in a dose-dependent manner. Through 2,7-dichloro dihydro fluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining, it was observed that around 96.9% parasites were ROS positive at 2.0 mM concentration of hesperidin. The ROS generated led to the apoptosis of parasites in a dose-dependent manner as observed by annexin/PI staining. Molecular docking with one of the very important and unique drug-targets of Leishmania donovani sterol C-24 reductase resulted in its significant inhibition. Here, we for the first time showed that hesperidin induced the antileishmanial response through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of sterol C-24 reductase. Our study will be helpful in the development of a cost-effective antileishmanial lead with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- Infection and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman
- Infection and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rahat Ali
- Infection and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sajjadul Kadir Akand
- Infection and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammed A Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Laboratory (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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