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Wifvat K, Camacho ET, Kawski M, Léveillard T, Wirkus S. Optimal Control with RdCVFL for Degenerating Photoreceptors. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:29. [PMID: 38345678 PMCID: PMC10861398 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Both the rod and cone photoreceptors, along with the retinal pigment epithelium have been experimentally and mathematically shown to work interdependently to maintain vision. Further, the theoredoxin-like rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF) and its long form (RdCVFL) have proven to increase photoreceptor survival in experimental results. Aerobic glycolysis is the primary source of energy production for photoreceptors and RdCVF accelerates the intake of glucose into the cones. RdCVFL helps mitigate the negative effects of reactive oxidative species and has shown promise in slowing the death of cones in mouse studies. However, this potential treatment and its effects have never been studied in mathematical models. In this work, we examine an optimal control with the treatment of RdCVFL. We mathematically illustrate the potential this treatment might have for treating degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, as well as compare this to the results of an updated control model with RdCVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wifvat
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Erika T Camacho
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- INSERM, U968, 75012, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Kawski
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Thierry Léveillard
- INSERM, U968, 75012, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR_7210, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Wirkus
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA.
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Dobreva A, Camacho ET, Miranda M. Mathematical model for glutathione dynamics in the retina. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10996. [PMID: 37419948 PMCID: PMC10328985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is highly susceptible to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupt the normal operations of retinal cells. The glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system plays an important role in mitigating ROS. To perform its protective functions, GSH depends on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) produced through the pentose phosphate pathway. This work develops the first mathematical model for the GSH antioxidant system in the outer retina, capturing the most essential components for formation of ROS, GSH production, its oxidation in detoxifying ROS, and subsequent reduction by NADPH. We calibrate and validate the model using experimental measurements, at different postnatal days up to PN28, from control mice and from the rd1 mouse model for the disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Global sensitivity analysis is then applied to examine the model behavior and identify the pathways with the greatest impact in control compared to RP conditions. The findings underscore the importance of GSH and NADPH production in dealing with oxidative stress during retinal development, especially after peak rod degeneration occurs in RP, leading to increased oxygen tension. This suggests that stimulation of GSH and NADPH synthesis could be a potential intervention strategy in degenerative mouse retinas with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska Dobreva
- Department of Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Erika Tatiana Camacho
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - María Miranda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, 46115, Valencia, Spain
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