1
|
Nazarian Z, Arab SS. Discovery of carboxylesterases via metagenomics: Putative enzymes that contribute to chemical kinetic resolution. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
2
|
Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
3
|
Ismailsab M, T. R. M, Reddy PV, M. S, Nayak AS, Karegoudar TB. Biotransformation of aromatic and heterocyclic amides by amidase of whole cells of Rhodococcus sp. MTB5: Biocatalytic characterization and substrate specificity. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1282467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukram Ismailsab
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Monisha T. R.
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Pooja V. Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Santoshkumar M.
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Anand S. Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. Unlocking the Potential of Leloir Glycosyltransferases for Applied Biocatalysis: Efficient Synthesis of Uridine 5′-Diphosphate-Glucose by Sucrose Synthase. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Functional Characterization of a Marine Bacillus Esterase and its Utilization in the Stereo-Selective Production of D-Methyl Lactate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1467-1481. [PMID: 27364331 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral lactic acid and its ester derivatives are crucial building blocks and platforms in the generation of high value-added drugs, fine chemicals and functional materials. Optically pure D-lactic acid and its ester derivatives cannot be directly generated from fermentation and are quite expensive. Herein, we identified, heterologously expressed and functionally characterized one Bacillus esterase BSE01701 from the deep sea of the Indian Ocean. Esterase BSE01701 could enzymatically resolve inexpensive racemic methyl lactate and generate chiral D-methyl lactate. The enantiomeric excess of desired chiral D-methyl lactate and the substrate conversion could reach over 99 % and 60 %, respectively, after process optimization. Notably, the addition of 60 % (v/v) organic co-solvent heptane could greatly improve both the enantiomeric excess of D-methyl lactate and the conversion. BSE01701 was a very promising marine microbial esterase in the generation of chiral chemicals in industry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bolivar JM, Eisl I, Nidetzky B. Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
7
|
Willrodt C, Hoschek A, Bühler B, Schmid A, Julsing MK. Decoupling production from growth by magnesium sulfate limitation boosts de novo limonene production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1305-14. [PMID: 26574166 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The microbial production of isoprenoids has recently developed into a prime example for successful bottom-up synthetic biology or top-down systems biology strategies. Respective fermentation processes typically rely on growing recombinant microorganisms. However, the fermentative production of isoprenoids has to compete with cellular maintenance and growth for carbon and energy. Non-growing but metabolically active E. coli cells were evaluated in this study as alternative biocatalyst configurations to reduce energy and carbon loss towards biomass formation. The use of non-growing cells in an optimized fermentation medium resulted in more than fivefold increased specific limonene yields on cell dry weight and glucose, as compared to the traditional growing-cell-approach. Initially, the stability of the resting-cell activity was limited. This instability was overcome via the optimization of the minimal fermentation medium enabling high and stable limonene production rates for up to 8 h and a high specific yield of ≥50 mg limonene per gram cell dry weight. Omitting MgSO4 from the fermentation medium was very promising to prohibit growth and allow high productivities. Applying a MgSO4 -limitation also improved limonene formation by growing cells during non-exponential growth involving a reduced biomass yield on glucose and a fourfold increase in specific limonene yields on biomass as compared to non-limited cultures. The control of microbial growth via the medium composition was identified as a key but yet underrated strategy for efficient isoprenoid production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1305-1314. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Willrodt
- Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anna Hoschek
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mattijs K Julsing
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lindmeyer M, Jahn M, Vorpahl C, Müller S, Schmid A, Bühler B. Variability in subpopulation formation propagates into biocatalytic variability of engineered Pseudomonas putida strains. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1042. [PMID: 26483771 PMCID: PMC4589675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pivotal challenges in industrial biotechnology are the identification and overcoming of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in microbial processes. While the development of subpopulations of isogenic cells in bioprocesses is well described (intra-population variability), a possible variability between genetically identical cultures growing under macroscopically identical conditions (clonal variability) is not. A high such clonal variability has been found for the recombinant expression of the styrene monooxygenase genes styAB from Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 in solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E using the alk-regulatory system from P. putida GPo1. In this study, the oxygenase subunit StyA fused to eGFP was used as readout tool to characterize the population structure in P. putida DOT-T1E regarding recombinant protein content. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that in individual cultures, at least two subpopulations with highly differing recombinant StyA-eGFP protein contents appeared (intra-population variability). Interestingly, subpopulation sizes varied from culture-to-culture correlating with the specific styrene epoxidation activity of cells derived from respective cultures (clonal variability). In addition, flow cytometric cell sorting coupled to plasmid copy number (PCN) determination revealed that detected clonal variations cannot be correlated to the PCN, but depend on the combination of the regulatory system and the host strain employed. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first work reporting that intra-population variability (with differing protein contents in the presented case study) causes clonal variability of genetically identical cultures. Respective impacts on bioprocess reliability and performance and strategies to overcome respective reliability issues are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lindmeyer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Jahn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department for Environmental Microbiology Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vorpahl
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department for Environmental Microbiology Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department for Environmental Microbiology Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Germany ; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Solar Materials Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University Dortmund, Germany ; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Solar Materials Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haldar S, Mulani FA, Aarthy T, Thulasiram HV. Whole-Cell Mediated 11β-Hydroxylation on the Basic Limonoid Skeleton by Cunninghamella echinulata. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6490-5. [PMID: 25985231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regio- and stereoselective 11β-hydroxylation was achieved on the basic limonoid skeleton through microbial transformation. Whole cells of Cunninghamella echinulata efficiently converted basic limonoids such as epoxyazadiradione, azadiradione, and gedunin to their 11β-hydroxy analogues as the sole metabolite. Fermentation conditions affecting the efficiency (96%) of biotransformation including substrate concentration, incubation period, pH, and temperature were optimized. The position and stereochemistry of hydroxyl functionality on the isolated metabolites were established through extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric studies (1D, 2D NMR, ESI-MS, and MS/MS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Haldar
- †Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Fayaj A Mulani
- †Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Thiagarayaselvam Aarthy
- †Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Hirekodathakallu V Thulasiram
- †Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,§CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guidelines for development and implementation of biocatalytic P450 processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2465-83. [PMID: 25652652 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic reactions performed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are interesting in pharmaceutical research since they are involved in human drug metabolism. Furthermore, they are potentially interesting as biocatalysts for synthetic chemistry because of the exquisite selectivity of the chemistry they undertake. For example, selective hydroxylation can be undertaken on a highly functionalized molecule without the need for functional group protection. Recent progress in the discovery of novel P450s as well as protein engineering of these enzymes strongly encourages further development of their application, including use in synthetic processes. The biological characteristics of P450s (e.g., cofactor dependence) motivate the use of whole-cell systems for synthetic processes, and those processes implemented in industry are so far dominated by growing cells and native host systems. However, for an economically feasible process, the expression of P450 systems in a heterologous host with sufficient biocatalyst yield (g/g cdw) for non-growing systems or space-time yield (g/L/h) for growing systems remains a major challenge. This review summarizes the opportunities to improve P450 whole-cell processes and strategies in order to apply and implement them in industrial processes, both from a biological and process perspective. Indeed, a combined approach of host selection and cell engineering, integrated with process engineering, is suggested as the most effective route to implementation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Modelling and optimisation of the one-pot, multi-enzymatic synthesis of chiral amino-alcohols based on microscale kinetic parameter determination. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Proline availability regulates proline-4-hydroxylase synthesis and substrate uptake in proline-hydroxylating recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3091-100. [PMID: 23455348 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03640-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial physiology plays a crucial role in whole-cell biotransformation, especially for redox reactions that depend on carbon and energy metabolism. In this study, regio- and enantio-selective proline hydroxylation with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing proline-4-hydroxylase (P4H) was investigated with respect to its interconnectivity to microbial physiology and metabolism. P4H production was found to depend on extracellular proline availability and on codon usage. Medium supplementation with proline did not alter p4h mRNA levels, indicating that P4H production depends on the availability of charged prolyl-tRNAs. Increasing the intracellular levels of soluble P4H did not result in an increase in resting cell activities above a certain threshold (depending on growth and assay temperature). Activities up to 5-fold higher were reached with permeabilized cells, confirming that host physiology and not the intracellular level of active P4H determines the achievable whole-cell proline hydroxylation activity. Metabolic flux analysis revealed that tricarboxylic acid cycle fluxes in growing biocatalytically active cells were significantly higher than proline hydroxylation rates. Remarkably, a catalysis-induced reduction of substrate uptake was observed, which correlated with reduced transcription of putA and putP, encoding proline dehydrogenase and the major proline transporter, respectively. These results provide evidence for a strong interference of catalytic activity with the regulation of proline uptake and metabolism. In terms of whole-cell biocatalyst efficiency, proline uptake and competition of P4H with proline catabolism are considered the most critical factors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Whole-cell biocatalysis utilizes native or recombinant enzymes produced by cellular metabolism to perform synthetically interesting reactions. Besides hydrolases, oxidoreductases represent the most applied enzyme class in industry. Oxidoreductases are attributed a high future potential, especially for applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as they enable highly interesting chemistry (e.g., the selective oxyfunctionalization of unactivated C-H bonds). Redox reactions are characterized by electron transfer steps that often depend on redox cofactors as additional substrates. Their regeneration typically is accomplished via the metabolism of whole-cell catalysts. Traditionally, studies towards productive redox biocatalysis focused on the biocatalytic enzyme, its activity, selectivity, and specificity, and several successful examples of such processes are running commercially. However, redox cofactor regeneration by host metabolism was hardly considered for the optimization of biocatalytic rate, yield, and/or titer. This article reviews molecular mechanisms of oxidoreductases with synthetic potential and the host redox metabolism that fuels biocatalytic reactions with redox equivalents. The tools discussed in this review for investigating redox metabolism provide the basis for studies aiming at a deeper understanding of the interplay between synthetically active enzymes and metabolic networks. The ultimate goal of rational whole-cell biocatalyst engineering and use for fine chemical production is discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Carballeira J, Quezada M, Hoyos P, Simeó Y, Hernaiz M, Alcantara A, Sinisterra J. Microbial cells as catalysts for stereoselective red–ox reactions. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:686-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
15
|
Heyland J, Antweiler N, Lutz J, Heck T, Geueke B, Kohler HPE, Blank LM, Schmid A. Simple enzymatic procedure for L-carnosine synthesis: whole-cell biocatalysis and efficient biocatalyst recycling. Microb Biotechnol 2009; 3:74-83. [PMID: 21255308 PMCID: PMC3815949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Peptides and their derivates are usually stable to proteolysis and have an increased half-life compared with α-peptides. Recently, β-aminopeptidases were described as a new enzyme class that enabled the enzymatic degradation and formation of β-peptides. As an alternative to the existing chemical synthesis routes, the aim of the present work was to develop a whole-cell biocatalyst for the synthesis and production of β-peptides using this enzymatic activity. For the optimization of the reaction system we chose the commercially relevant β,α-dipeptide L-carnosine (β-alanine-L-histidine) as model product. We were able to show that different recombinant yeast and bacteria strains, which overexpress a β-peptidase, could be used directly as whole-cell biocatalysts for the synthesis of L-carnosine. By optimizing relevant reaction conditions for the best-performing recombinant Escherichia coli strain, such as pH and substrate concentrations, we obtained high l-carnosine yields of up to 71%. Long-time as well as biocatalyst recycling experiments indicated a high stability of the developed biocatalyst for at least five repeated batches. Application of the recombinant E. coli in a fed-batch process enabled the accumulation of l-carnosine to a concentration of 3.7 g l(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Heyland
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leak DJ, Sheldon RA, Woodley JM, Adlercreutz P. Biocatalysts for selective introduction of oxygen. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802393519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Baldwin CVF, Wohlgemuth R, Woodley JM. The First 200-L Scale Asymmetric Baeyer−Villiger Oxidation Using a Whole-Cell Biocatalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op800046t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V. F. Baldwin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Research Specialties, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Industriestrasse 25, Buchs CH-9471, Switzerland
| | - John M. Woodley
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Purkarthofer T, Skranc W, Schuster C, Griengl H. Potential and capabilities of hydroxynitrile lyases as biocatalysts in the chemical industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:309-20. [PMID: 17607575 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) as catalysts for the stereoselective condensation of HCN with carbonyl compounds has been reported as early as 1908. This enzymatic C-C bond coupling reaction furnishes enantiopure cyanohydrins which serve as versatile bifunctional building blocks for chemical synthesis. Screening of natural sources led to the discovery of both (R)- and (S)-selective HNLs, and several distinctly different classes of these enzymes with substantial differences concerning sequence, structure, and mechanism have been found. Especially during the last two centuries, HNLs have been developed into valuable biocatalysts, which can be produced in recombinant form by overexpression in microbial hosts, resulting in the implementation of industrial processes utilizing these enzymes. Recently, protein engineering in combination with in silico methods gave rise to the development of a tailor-made HNL for large-scale manufacturing of a specific target cyanohydrin.
Collapse
|