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Xu T, Liu K, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yin D. EGFR and Hippo signaling pathways are involved in organophosphate esters-induced proliferation and migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41939-41952. [PMID: 38856849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of organophosphate flame retardants has led to pervasive exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), prompting considerable concerns regarding their potential health risk to humans. Despite hints from previous research about OPEs' association with breast cancer, their specific effects and underlying mechanisms of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of four representative OPEs on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, migration, and the expression of genes and proteins associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Hippo signaling pathways in TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cells. Our findings revealed that treatment with 1-25 μM triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) induced TNBC cell proliferation and accelerated cell cycle progression, with upregulation in MYC, CCND1, and BRCA1 mRNA. Moreover, exposure to 1-25 μM TPHP, 10-25 μM TDCIPP, and 1-10 μM tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) induced MMP2/9 mRNA expression and enhanced migratory capacity, except for 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP). Mechanistically, four OPEs treatments activated the EGFR-ERK1/2 and EGFR-PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by increasing the transcript of EGFR, ERK1/2, PI3K, and AKT mRNA. OPEs treatment also suppressed the Hippo signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of MST1 mRNA and phosphorylation of LATS1, leading to the overactivation of YAP1 protein, thereby promoting TNBC cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our study elucidated that activation of the EGFR signaling pathway and suppression of the Hippo signaling pathway contributed to the proliferation, cell cycle dysregulation, and migration of TNBC cells following exposure to OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Post-doctoral Research Station of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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2
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Temilola DO, Wium M, Paccez J, Salukazana AS, Rotimi SO, Otu HH, Carbone GM, Kaestner L, Cacciatore S, Zerbini LF. Detection of Cancer-Associated Gene Mutations in Urinary Cell-Free DNA among Prostate Cancer Patients in South Africa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1884. [PMID: 37895233 PMCID: PMC10606409 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cause of cancer death among African men. The presence of tumor-specific variations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA), such as mutations, microsatellite instability, and DNA methylation, has been explored as a source of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic role of cfDNA among South African PCa patients. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of urinary cfDNA. We identified a novel panel of 31 significantly deregulated somatic mutated genes between PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on matching PCa and normal prostate tissue in an independent PCa cohort from South Africa. Our results suggest that the mutations are of germline origin as they were also found in the normal prostate tissue. In conclusion, our study contributes to the knowledge of cfDNA as a biomarker for diagnosing PCa in the South African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Juliano Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Azola Samkele Salukazana
- Division of Urology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.S.S.); (L.K.)
| | | | - Hasan H. Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Giuseppina M. Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Lisa Kaestner
- Division of Urology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
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3
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Genistein, a Potential Phytochemical against Breast Cancer Treatment-Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Although widespread successful synthetic drugs are available, natural compounds can also be considered as significant anticancer agents for treating BC. Some natural compounds have similar effects as synthetic drugs with fewer side effects on normal cells. Therefore, we aimed to unravel and analyze several molecular mechanisms of genistein (GNT) against BC. GNT is a type of dietary phytoestrogen included in the flavonoid group with a similar structure to estrogen that might provide a strong alternative and complementary medicine to existing chemotherapeutic drugs. Previous research reported that GNT could target the estrogen receptor (ER) human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and several signaling molecules against multiple BC cell lines and sensitize cancer cell lines to this compound when used at an optimal inhibitory concentration. More specifically, GNT mediates the anticancer mechanism through apoptosis induction, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis, mammosphere formation, and targeting and suppressing tumor growth factors. Furthermore, it acts via upregulating tumor suppressor genes and downregulating oncogenes in vitro and animal model studies. In addition, this phytochemical synergistically reverses the resistance mechanism of standard chemotherapeutic drugs, increasing their efficacy against BC. Overall, in this review, we discuss several molecular interactions of GNT with numerous cellular targets in the BC model and show its anticancer activities alone and synergistically. We conclude that GNT can have favorable therapeutic advantages when standard drugs are not available in the pharma markets.
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4
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Kim JH, Lee JE, Jang CS. Regulation of Oryza sativa molybdate transporter1;3 degradation via RING finger E3 ligase OsAIR3. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 264:153484. [PMID: 34343729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of As in contaminated environments pose a serious threat to plant, human, and animal health. In this study, we characterized an As-responsive Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase gene under arsenate (AsV) stress, named as Oryza sativa As-Induced RING E3 ligase 3 (OsAIR3). AsV treatment highly induced the expression of OsAIR3. OsAIR3-EYFP was localized to the nucleus in rice protoplasts and exhibited E3 ligase activity. Yeast two-hybrid screening and bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays revealed the interaction of OsAIR3 with an O. sativa molybdate transporter (OsMOT1;3) in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. In addition, an in vitro cell-free degradation assay was performed to demonstrate the degradation of OsMOT1;3 by OsAIR3 via the 26S proteasome system. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsAIR3 in Arabidopsis yielded AsV-tolerant phenotypes, as indicated by the comparison of cotyledon expansion, root elongation, shoot fresh weight, and As accumulation between the OsAIR3-overexpressing and control plants. Collectively, these findings suggest that OsAIR3 positively regulates plant response to AsV stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resources Sciences, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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5
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Epistatic interactions of genetic loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13114. [PMID: 34162900 PMCID: PMC8222216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) defines disease association with genome-wide significance for 52 independent common and rare genetic variants across 34 chromosomal loci. Overall, these loci contain over 7200 variants and are enriched for genes with functions indicating several shared cellular processes. Still, the precise mechanisms leading to AMD pathology are largely unknown. Here, we exploit the phenomenon of epistatic interaction to identify seemingly independent AMD-associated variants that reveal joint effects on gene expression. We focus on genetic variants associated with lipid metabolism, organization of extracellular structures, and innate immunity, specifically the complement cascade. Multiple combinations of independent variants were used to generate genetic risk scores allowing gene expression in liver to be compared between low and high-risk AMD. We identified genetic variant combinations correlating significantly with expression of 26 genes, of which 19 have not been associated with AMD before. This study defines novel targets and allows prioritizing further functional work into AMD pathobiology.
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6
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Soleimani M, Sajedi N. Myricetin Apoptotic Effects on T47D Breast Cancer Cells is a P53-Independent Approach. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3697-3704. [PMID: 33369470 PMCID: PMC8046314 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Using nutraceuticals in cancer therapy is a strategy contributing with other approaches to promote apoptosis in cancer cells. Myricetin is a polyphenol flavonoid that forms main ingredients of various type of foods and beverages. The inducing properties of myricetin in apoptosis is reported by several investigations. The present study aimed to assess apoptotic effects of myricetin on T47D breast cancer cells and to evaluate part of the mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods: T47D breast cancer cells were assigned into five groups: control (cells in normal condition), myricetin (cells treated with myricetin IC50 concentration) in two different incubation times (24, 48 and 72 hours). MTT assay, annexin v assay, flow cytometry, caspase-3 assay and Real-time PCR were used to evaluate apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Results: The expression rate of apoptotic genes caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, the ratio of BAX /Bcl-2 as well as the expression of P53, BRCA1, GADD45 genes were increased significantly after treatment of T47D breast cancer cells with myricetin. Annexin v assay confirmed significant expression of annexin as were displyed by flow cytometry. Conclusion: Myricetin enhances apoptosis in T47D breast cancer cells by evoking both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. myricetin may practices its apoptotic properties on T47D cells through inducing BRCA1- GADD45 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Soleimani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nayereh Sajedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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7
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Nientiedt C, Duensing A, Zschäbitz S, Jäger D, Hohenfellner M, Stenzinger A, Duensing S. PARP inhibition in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:344-351. [PMID: 33084183 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA damage repair genes are more common in prostate cancer than previously thought. These alterations provide an opportunity for precision oncology approaches and a number of studies have now shown that PARP inhibitors can have significant antitumor activity in men with DNA damage repair-deficient metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review summarizes the key clinical trials related to the use of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer. Besides clinical outcomes, toxicity, and PARP inhibitor resistance, the role of different DNA repair genes in the response to PARP inhibition will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Nientiedt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Duensing
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Precision Oncology of Urological Malignancies, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zschäbitz
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Heidler CL, Roth EK, Thiemann M, Blattmann C, Perez RL, Huber PE, Kovac M, Amthor B, Neu‐Yilik G, Kulozik AE. Prexasertib (LY2606368) reduces clonogenic survival by inducing apoptosis in primary patient-derived osteosarcoma cells and synergizes with cisplatin and talazoparib. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1059-1070. [PMID: 31782150 PMCID: PMC7384073 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the systemic control of osteosarcoma has been limited over the past decades thus indicating the urgent clinical need for the development of novel treatment strategies. Therefore, we have recently developed new preclinical models to study promising novel agents for the treatment of pediatric osteosarcoma. The checkpoint kinase (chk) inhibitor prexasertib (LY2606368) and its salt form (LSN2940930) have recently been shown to be active in adult and pediatric malignancies, including sarcoma. We have now tested the potency of prexasertib in clonogenic survival assays in two new lines of primary patient-derived osteosarcoma cells and in two established osteosarcoma cell lines as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin and the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor talazoparib. Prexasertib alone results in strongly reduced clonogenic survival at low nanomolar concentrations and acts by affecting cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis and induction of double-stranded DNA breakage at concentrations that are well below clinically tolerable and safe plasma concentrations. In combination with cisplatin and talazoparib, prexasertib acts in a synergistic fashion. Chk1 inhibition by prexasertib and its combination with the DNA damaging agent cisplatin and the PARP-inhibitor talazoparib thus emerges as a potential new treatment option for pediatric osteosarcoma which will now have to be tested in preclinical primary patient derived in vivo models and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Heidler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Eva K. Roth
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Markus Thiemann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Claudia Blattmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology)Klinikum Stuttgart OlgahospitalStuttgartGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ramon L. Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter E. Huber
- Department of Molecular and Radiation OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Radiation OncologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michal Kovac
- Bone Tumour Reference Center, Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Beate Amthor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gabriele Neu‐Yilik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas E. Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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9
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Al-Jomah N, Mukololo L, Anjum A, Al Madadha M, Patel R. Pds5A and Pds5B Display Non-redundant Functions in Mitosis and Their Loss Triggers Chk1 Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:531. [PMID: 32760717 PMCID: PMC7372117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pds5 is an abundant HEAT-repeat-containing protein that binds to cohesin and mediates sister chromatid cohesion. In vertebrates, Pds5A and Pds5B are known to protect DNA replication fork, as their loss leads to DNA damage. Pds5 interacts directly with Wapl, to remove cohesin during mitosis. Aim To analyze the effects of the loss of Pds5 proteins-mediated DNA damage on the cell cycle checkpoints and to examine the possibility that Pds5 proteins have an overlapping function. Methods We first analyzed the cell cycle regulation of Pds5 proteins and defects in S-phase; DNA damage was confirmed after Pds5A/B knockdown. The activation of cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis were examined by the level of p-Chk1S317, MAD2 localization, and the level of pro-apoptotic markers, respectively. Results Pds5 proteins dissociated from chromatin in a stepwise manner, and their loss led to activation of pro-apoptotic markers associated with the phosphorylation of Chk1S317 due to DNA damage. Depletion of either Pds5A or Pds5B alone increased Smc3 acetylation in perturbed cell cycle, while depletion of both proteins severely impaired Smc3 acetylation. Moreover, the loss of Pds5A/Pds5B activated the SAC in an ATR-Chk1-dependent manner and stabilized Wapl on chromatin. The depletion of Chk1 rescued the S-phase delay associated with Pds5 depletion and significantly increased mitotic catastrophe. Conclusion Pds5A and Pds5B display overlapping functions in facilitating Smc3 acetylation. Somewhat paradoxically, they also have non-redundant functions in terms of cohesin removal due to the activated surveillance mechanism that leads to phosphorylation of Chk1S317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Al-Jomah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Molecular Oncology Department, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubinda Mukololo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Awais Anjum
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Al Madadha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raj Patel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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10
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Ellison M, Mittal M, Chaudhuri M, Chaudhuri G, Misra S. The role of the redox/miR-6855-3p/PRDX5A axis in reversing SLUG-mediated BRCA2 silencing in breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:15. [PMID: 31987042 PMCID: PMC6986021 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that the zinc finger transcription repressor SNAI2 (SLUG) represses tumor suppressor BRCA2-expression in non-dividing cells by binding to the E2-box upstream of the transcription start site. However, it is unclear how proliferating breast cancer (BC) cells that has higher oxidation state, overcome this repression. In this study, we provide insight into the mechanism of de-silencing of BRCA2 gene expression by PRDX5A, which is the longest member of the peroxiredoxin5 family, in proliferating breast cancer cells. METHODS We used cell synchronization and DNA affinity pulldown to analyze PRDX5A binding to the BRCA2 silencer. We used oxidative stress and microRNA (miRNA) treatments to study nuclear localization of PRDX5A and its impact on BRCA2-expression. We validated our findings using mutational, reporter assay, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Under oxidative stress, proliferating BC cells express PRDX5 isoform A (PRDX5A). In the nucleus, PRDX5A binds to the BRCA2 silencer near the E2-box, displacing SLUG and enhancing BRCA2-expression. Nuclear PRDX5A is translated from the second AUG codon in frame to the first AUG codon in the PRDX5A transcript that retains all exons. Mutation of the first AUG increases nuclear localization of PRDX5A in MDA-MB-231 cells, but mutation of the second AUG decreases it. Increased mitronic hsa-miRNA-6855-3p levels under oxidative stress renders translation from the second AUG preferable. Mutational analysis using reporter assay uncovered a miR-6855-3p binding site between the first and second AUG codon in the PRDX5A transcript. miR-6855-3p mimic increases accumulation of nuclear PRDX5A and inhibits reporter gene translation. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress increases miR-6855-3p expression and binding to the inter-AUG sequence of the PRDX5A transcript, promoting translation of nuclear PRDX5A. Nuclear PRDX5A relieves SLUG-mediated BRCA2 silencing, resulting in increased BRCA2-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Ellison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Mukul Mittal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Minu Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Gautam Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Smita Misra
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA. .,Center for Women's Health Research (CWHR), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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11
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Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010236. [PMID: 31963587 PMCID: PMC7016586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation (IR) is commonly used for cancer therapy; however, its potential influence on the metastatic ability of surviving cancer cells exposed directly or indirectly to IR remains controversial. Metastasis is a multistep process by which the cancer cells dissociate from the initial site, invade, travel through the blood stream or lymphatic system, and colonise distant sites. This complex process has been reported to require cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which the cancer cells convert from an adhesive, epithelial to motile, mesenchymal form and is also associated with changes in glycosylation of cell surface proteins, which may be functionally involved in metastasis. In this paper, we give an overview of metastatic mechanisms and of the fundamentals of cancer-associated glycosylation changes. While not attempting a comprehensive review of this wide and fast moving field, we highlight some of the accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo models for increased metastatic potential in cancer cells that survive IR, focusing on angiogenesis, cancer cell motility, invasion, and EMT and glycosylation. We also explore the indirect effects in cells exposed to exosomes released from irradiated cells. The results of such studies need to be interpreted with caution and there remains limited evidence that radiotherapy enhances the metastatic capacity of cancers in a clinical setting and undoubtedly has a very positive clinical benefit. However, there is potential that this therapeutic benefit may ultimately be enhanced through a better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of IR on cancer cell behaviour.
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12
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Strube F, Infanger M, Dietz C, Romswinkel A, Kraus A. Short-term effects of simulated microgravity on morphology and gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Physiol Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Microgravity has been shown to impose various effects on breast cancer cells. We exposed human breast cancer cells to simulated microgravity and studied morphology and alterations in gene expression.
Materials and methods
Human breast cancer cells were exposed to simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine (RPM) for 24 h. Morphology was observed under light microscopy, and gene alteration was studied by qPCR.
Results
After 24 h, formation of three-dimensional structures (spheroids) occurred. BRCA1 expression was significantly increased (1.9×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity compared to the control. Expression of KRAS was significantly decreased (0.6×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells compared to the control. VCAM1 was significantly upregulated (6.6×, 2.0×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. VIM expression was significantly downregulated (0.45×, 0.44×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. There was no significant alteration in the expression of MAPK1, MMP13, PTEN, and TP53.
Conclusions
Simulated microgravity induces spheroid formation in human breast cancer cells within 24 h and alters gene expression toward modified adhesion properties, enhanced cell repair, and phenotype preservation. Further insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up the way toward new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strube
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Infanger
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Dietz
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Romswinkel
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Kraus
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Fang CB, Wu HT, Zhang ML, Liu J, Zhang GJ. Fanconi Anemia Pathway: Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Predisposition Development and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:160. [PMID: 32300589 PMCID: PMC7142266 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic stability is crucial for species survival, and its failure is closely associated with tumorigenesis. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, involving 22 identified genes, plays a central role in repairing DNA interstrand cross-links. Importantly, a germline defect in any of these genes can cause Fanconi's anemia, a heterogeneous genetic disorder, characterized by congenital growth abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer. On the other hand, the breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, also known as FANCS and FANCD1, respectively, are involved in the FA pathway; hence, researchers have studied the association between the FA pathway and cancer predisposition. Here, we mainly focused on and systematically reviewed the clinical and mechanistic implications of the predisposition of individuals with abnormalities in the FA pathway to cancer, especially breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Bin Fang
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Liu,
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Cancer Center and the Department of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, China
- Guo-Jun Zhang, ;
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14
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Giovannini S, Weller MC, Repmann S, Moch H, Jiricny J. Synthetic lethality between BRCA1 deficiency and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition is modulated by processing of endogenous oxidative DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9132-9143. [PMID: 31329989 PMCID: PMC6753488 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) facilitate the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). When PARPs are inhibited, unrepaired SSBs colliding with replication forks give rise to cytotoxic double-strand breaks. These are normally rescued by homologous recombination (HR), but, in cells with suboptimal HR, PARP inhibition leads to genomic instability and cell death, a phenomenon currently exploited in the therapy of ovarian cancers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. In spite of their promise, resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPis) has already emerged. In order to identify the possible underlying causes of the resistance, we set out to identify the endogenous source of DNA damage that activates PARPs. We argued that if the toxicity of PARPis is indeed caused by unrepaired SSBs, these breaks must arise spontaneously, because PARPis are used as single agents. We now show that a significant contributor to PARPi toxicity is oxygen metabolism. While BRCA1-depleted or -mutated cells were hypersensitive to the clinically approved PARPi olaparib, its toxicity was significantly attenuated by depletion of OGG1 or MYH DNA glycosylases, as well as by treatment with reactive oxygen species scavengers, growth under hypoxic conditions or chemical OGG1 inhibition. Thus, clinical resistance to PARPi therapy may emerge simply through reduced efficiency of oxidative damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giovannini
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences of the University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Cancer Research of the University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Christine Weller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research of the University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Repmann
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research of the University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Jiricny
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences of the University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Cancer Research of the University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Platinum salts in the treatment of BRCA-associated breast cancer: A true targeted chemotherapy? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 135:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Carvajal-Maldonado D, Byrum AK, Jackson J, Wessel S, Lemaçon D, Guitton-Sert L, Quinet A, Tirman S, Graziano S, Masson JY, Cortez D, Gonzalo S, Mosammaparast N, Vindigni A. Perturbing cohesin dynamics drives MRE11 nuclease-dependent replication fork slowing. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1294-1310. [PMID: 29917110 PMCID: PMC6379725 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pds5 is required for sister chromatid cohesion, and somewhat paradoxically, to remove cohesin from chromosomes. We found that Pds5 plays a critical role during DNA replication that is distinct from its previously known functions. Loss of Pds5 hinders replication fork progression in unperturbed human and mouse cells. Inhibition of MRE11 nuclease activity restores fork progression, suggesting that Pds5 protects forks from MRE11-activity. Loss of Pds5 also leads to double-strand breaks, which are again reduced by MRE11 inhibition. The replication function of Pds5 is independent of its previously reported interaction with BRCA2. Unlike Pds5, BRCA2 protects forks from nucleolytic degradation only in the presence of genotoxic stress. Moreover, our iPOND analysis shows that the loading of Pds5 and other cohesion factors on replication forks is not affected by the BRCA2 status. Pds5 role in DNA replication is shared by the other cohesin-removal factor Wapl, but not by the cohesin complex component Rad21. Interestingly, depletion of Rad21 in a Pds5-deficient background rescues the phenotype observed upon Pds5 depletion alone. These findings support a model where loss of either component of the cohesin releasin complex perturbs cohesin dynamics on replication forks, hindering fork progression and promoting MRE11-dependent fork slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Carvajal-Maldonado
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Andrea K Byrum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Wessel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Delphine Lemaçon
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Laure Guitton-Sert
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Annabel Quinet
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Stephanie Tirman
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - David Cortez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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17
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Forestier-Román IS, López-Rivas A, Sánchez-Vázquez MM, Rohena-Rivera K, Nieves-Burgos G, Ortiz-Zuazaga H, Torres-Ramos CA, Martínez-Ferrer M. Andrographolide induces DNA damage in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1085-1101. [PMID: 30800220 PMCID: PMC6383681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common diagnosed cancer and is the third cause of cancer mortality in men in the USA. Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has shown to possess anticarcinogenic activity in a variety of cancer cells. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Andrographolide in PCa using in vitro and in vivo models. Androgen-independent (PC3) and androgen-dependent (22RV1) cell lines were treated with Andrographolide to determine the effect in cell motility, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Andrographolide decreased PCa cell migration, decreased invasion, and increased cell apoptosis in vitro. Tumor growth was evaluated using an orthotopic xenograft model in which the prostates of SCID mice were injected with 22RV1, and mice were treated three times per week with Andrographolide 10 mg/kg. Andrographolide decreased tumor volume, MMP11 expression and blood vessels formation in vivo. Gene expression analysis identified cellular compromise, cell cycle, and “DNA recombination, replication and repair” as the major molecular and cellular functions altered in tumors treated with Andrographolide. Within DNA repair genes we confirmed increased expression of genes involved in DNA double strand break repair. Consistent with this observation we detected increased γH2AX in Andrographolide treated tumors and in cells in culture. Taken together, these data suggest that Andrographolide inhibits PCa by promoting DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Forestier-Román
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.,University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Biology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Andrés López-Rivas
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Biology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - María M Sánchez-Vázquez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Biology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Krizia Rohena-Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.,University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Biology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Gretchen Nieves-Burgos
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Biology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Ramos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Magaly Martínez-Ferrer
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Biology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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18
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Wang Q, Sun Z, Du L, Xu C, Wang Y, Yang B, He N, Wang J, Ji K, Liu Y, Liu Q. Melatonin Sensitizes Human Colorectal Cancer Cells to γ-ray Ionizing Radiation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123974. [PMID: 30544713 PMCID: PMC6320774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal malignancy, with a recent, rapid increase of the annual incidence all over the world. Enhancing the radiosensitivity of cancer cells while preserving the health of normal cells is one of the most important tasks in clinical radiobiology. However, resistance to radiotherapy for colorectal cancer greatly decreases the therapeutic outcome. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a natural secretory product that the pineal gland in the brain normally produces, has been reported to have anticancer properties. In the study, we investigated the combination of melatonin with radiotherapy as a treatment for colorectal cancer. We firstly explored the anti-tumor activity of melatonin combined with ionizing radiation (IR) against colorectal carcinoma in vitro. It was found that melatonin effectively inhibited human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT 116 cellular proliferation, colony formation rate and cell migration counts following IR. Increasing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by melatonin treatment was found to be associated with cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, downregulation of proteins involved in DNA double-strand break repair and activation of the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Moreover, we also investigated the combined effect of IR and melatonin on colorectal tumor in vivo. Results from a tumor xenograft showed that melatonin plus IR treatment significantly suppressed tumor cell growth compared with melatonin or IR alone, resulting in a much higher tumor inhibition rate for the combined treatment. The data suggested that melatonin combined with IR could improve the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and thus enhance the therapeutic effect of the patients, implying melatonin could function as a potential sensitizer in tumor radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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19
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Omari A, Nastały P, Stoupiec S, Bałabas A, Dąbrowska M, Bielińska B, Huss S, Pantel K, Semjonow A, Eltze E, Brandt B, Bednarz-Knoll N. Somatic aberrations of BRCA1 gene are associated with ALDH1, EGFR, and tumor progression in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:607-614. [PMID: 30265376 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 is a pivotal tumor suppressor. Its dysfunction is known to play a role in different tumors. Among others, BRCA1 germline mutations account for higher risk and more aggressive course of prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, somatic BRCA1 gene loss was demonstrated to be a signature of PCa dissemination to lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and indicate worse clinical outcome. In order to substantiate the data for BRCA1 gene loss in PCa and reveal its phenotypical background, BRCA1 gene status was assessed in a large cohort of PCa patients and compared to different molecular factors. BRCA1 gene dosage was assessed in 2398 tumor samples from 1,199 PCa patients using fluorescent in situ hybridization. It was compared to clinico-pathological parameters, patients' outcome as well as selected proteins (Ki-67, apoptosis marker, cytokeratins, vimentin, E- and N-cadherin, ALDH1 and EGFR) examined immunohistochemically. BRCA1 losses were found in 10%, whereas gains appeared in 7% of 603 informative PCa patients. BRCA1 losses correlated to higher T stage (p = 0.027), Gleason score (p = 0.039), shorter time to biochemical recurrence in patients with Gleason score > 7 independently of other factors (multivariate analysis, p = 0.005) as well as expression of proteins regulating stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, that is, ALDH1 (p = 0.021) and EGFR (p = 0.011), respectively. BRCA1 gains correlated to shorter time to metastasis (p = 0.012) and expression of ALDH1 (p = 0.014). These results support the assumption that BRCA1 gene losses contribute to a progressive and stem cell-like phenotype of PCa. Furthermore, they reveal that also BRCA1 gain conceivably representing loss-of-function might mark more invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Omari
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Nastały
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Stoupiec
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Bielińska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Semjonow
- Department of Urology, Prostate Center University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elke Eltze
- Institute of Pathology Saarbruecken-Rastpfuhl, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Burkhard Brandt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; formerly Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Shen YT, Evans JC, Zafarana G, Allen C, Piquette-Miller M. BRCA Status Does Not Predict Synergism of a Carboplatin and Olaparib Combination in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2742-2753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Shen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - James C. Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Gaetano Zafarana
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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21
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Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim SB. How shall we treat early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): from the current standard to upcoming immuno-molecular strategies. ESMO Open 2018; 3:e000357. [PMID: 29765774 PMCID: PMC5950702 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a long-lasting orphan disease in terms of little therapeutic progress during the past several decades and still the standard of care remains chemotherapy. Experimental discovery of molecular signatures including the ‘BRCAness’ highlighted the innate heterogeneity of TNBC, generating the diversity of TNBC phenotypes. As it contributes to enhancing genomic instability, it has widened the therapeutic spectrum of TNBC. In particular, unusual sensitivity to DNA damaging agents was denoted in patients with BRCA deficiency, suggesting therapeutic benefit from platinum and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. However, regardless of enriched chemosensitivity and immunogenicity, majority of patients with TNBC still suffer from dismal clinical outcomes including early relapse and metastatic spread. Therefore, efforts into more precise and personalised treatment are critical at this point. Accordingly, the advance of multiomics has revealed novel actionable targets including PI3K-Akt-mTOR and epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathways, which might actively participate in modulating the chemosensitivity and immune system. Also, TNBC has long been considered a potential protagonist of immunotherapy in breast cancer, supported by abundant tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and heterogeneous tumour microenvironment. Despite that, earlier studies showed somewhat unsatisfactory results of monotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, consistently durable responses in responders were noteworthy. Based on these results, further combinatorial trials either with other chemotherapy or targeted agents are underway. Incorporating immune-molecular targets into combination as well as refining the standard chemotherapy might be the key to unlock the future of TNBC. In this review, we share the current and upcoming treatment options of TNBC in the framework of scientific and clinical data, especially focusing on early stage of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea; Department of Hemato-Oncology, Konkuk Medical Center, University of Konkuk College of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Ahn
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Liang Y, Yang X, Li H, Zhu A, Guo Z, Li M. Prevalence and Spectrum of BRCA1/2 Germline Mutations in Women with Breast Cancer in China Based on Next-Generation Sequencing. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2465-2475. [PMID: 29681614 PMCID: PMC5936051 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) play important roles in the development of breast cancer, but information regarding BRCA1/2 mutations in Chinese females remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of BRCA1/2 mutations in China. Material/Methods In total, 595 breast cancer patients in China were screened with an amplicon-based panel for the detection of BRCA1/2 mutations in coding regions using next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a Personal Genome Machine. Every pathogenic mutation detected was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The disease-causing potential of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) was predicted using PolyPhen-2, SIFT, PhyloP, and Grantham. Results The prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations was 8.07% in the Chinese population. Forty-two pathogenic mutations were identified in 48 cases (17 BRCA1 cases and 31 BRCA2 cases), including 19 novel mutations. Nine VUS were predicted to be deleterious by PolyPhen-2 and SIFT and subsequently predicted by PhyloP and Grantham for the evolutionary conservation. Conclusions These results suggest that NGS is useful as a rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective screening tool for the analysis of BRCA1/2 mutations. Based on this panel, we found that BRCA1/2 germline mutations in China exhibit distinct characteristics compared to those in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuexi Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Anna Zhu
- Guangzhou Darui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Zahavi T, Sonnenblick A, Shimshon Y, Kadouri L, Peretz T, Salmon AY, Salmon-Divon M. SYK expression level distinguishes control from BRCA1-mutated lymphocytes. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:589-598. [PMID: 29618939 PMCID: PMC5875411 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s156359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 5%-10% of breast cancer and 10%-15% of ovarian cancer are hereditary. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most common germline mutations found in both inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Once these mutations are identified and classified, a course of action to reduce the risk of developing either ovarian or breast cancer - including surveillance and surgery - is carried out. Purpose The purpose of the current research is to characterize the gene expression differences between healthy cells harboring a mutation in BRCA1/2 genes and normal cells. This will allow detection of candidate genes and help identify women who carry functional BRCA1/2 mutations, which cannot always be detected by the available sequencing methods, for example, carriers of mutations found in regulatory sequences of the genes. Materials and methods Our cohort consisted of 50 healthy women, of whom 24 were individuals with BRCA1 or BRCA2 heterozygous mutations and 26 were non-carrier controls. RNA purified from non-irradiated lymphocytes of nine BRCA1/2 mutation carriers versus four control mutation-negative individuals was utilized for RNA-Seq analysis. The selected RNA-Seq transcripts were validated, and the levels of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) mRNA were measured by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Differences in gene expression were found when comparing untreated lymphocytes of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls. Among others, the SYK gene was identified as being differently expressed for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. The expression level of SYK was significantly higher in untreated healthy lymphocytes of BRCA1 heterozygote carriers compared with controls, regardless of irradiation. In contrast to normal tissues, in cancerous breast tissues, the expression levels of the BRCA1 and SYK genes were not intercorrelated. Conclusion Collectively, our observations demonstrate that SYK may prove to be a good candidate for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BRCA1 mutation-associated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zahavi
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Shimshon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Luna Kadouri
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asher Y Salmon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Proliferation and ovarian hormone signaling are impaired in normal breast tissues from women with BRCA1 mutations: benefit of a progesterone receptor modulator treatment as a breast cancer preventive strategy in women with inherited BRCA1 mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45317-45330. [PMID: 27246982 PMCID: PMC5216725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with inherited BRCA1 mutations have an elevated risk (40-80%) for developing breast and ovarian cancers. Reproductive history has been reported to alter this risk, suggesting a relationship between ovarian hormone signaling and BRCA1-related tumor development. BRCA1 interactions with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) signaling were previously described in human breast cancer cell lines and mouse models. However, few studies have examined the effect of ovarian hormone regulation in normal human breast tissues bearing a heterozygous BRCA1 mutation. This study compares the proliferation level (Ki67) and the expression of ER, PR, and of the PR target gene, fatty acid synthase (FASN), in histologically normal breast tissues from women with BRCA1 mutations (BRCA1+/mut, n=23) or without BRCA1 mutations (BRCA1+/+, n=28). BRCA1+/mut tissues showed an increased proliferation and impaired hormone receptor expression with a marked loss of the PR isoform, PR-B. Responses to estradiol and progesterone treatments in BRCA1+/mut and BRCA1+/+ breast tissues were studied in a mouse xenograft model, and showed that PR and FASN expression were deregulated in BRCA1+/mut breast tissues. Progesterone added to estradiol treatment increased the proliferation in a subset of BRCA1+/mut breast tissues. The PR inhibitor, ulipristal acetate (UPA), was able to reverse this aberrant progesterone-induced proliferation. This study suggests that a subset of women with BRCA1 mutations could be candidates for a UPA treatment as a preventive breast cancer strategy.
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25
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Investigating BRCA Mutations: A Breakthrough in Precision Medicine of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Target Oncol 2017; 11:569-577. [PMID: 27402433 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of novel effective therapeutic strategies, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a disease with a lethal course and a high biological and molecular heterogeneity. To date, germline mutations in the BRCA gene represent one of the main risk factors for developing prostate cancer, with a strong association with aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcomes. A better understanding of the genomic landscape of prostate cancer has strengthened the idea that "synthetic lethality" of this disease might be useful in cancer-drug discovery, focusing on agents such as platinum compounds and poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). In this review, we summarize the main data available on BRCA mutations and discuss the clinical implications of these genomic aberrations in the management of prostate cancer, stressing the need to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers and to deeply understand the mechanisms of treatment resistance, in order to maximize personalized medicine protocols and therefore clinical benefit.
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26
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Profiling of the metabolic transcriptome via single molecule molecular inversion probes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11402. [PMID: 28900252 PMCID: PMC5595890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific metabolic alterations are of high interest as therapeutic targets. These alterations vary between tumor types, and to employ metabolic targeting to its fullest potential there is a need for robust methods that identify candidate targetable metabolic pathways in individual cancers. Currently, such methods include 13C-tracing studies and mass spectrometry/ magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Due to high cost and complexity, such studies are restricted to a research setting. We here present the validation of a novel technique of metabolic profiling, based on multiplex targeted next generation sequencing of RNA with single molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs), designed to measure activity of and mutations in genes that encode metabolic enzymes. We here profiled an isogenic pair of cell lines, differing in expression of the Von Hippel Lindau protein, an important regulator of hypoxia-inducible genes. We show that smMIP-profiling provides relevant information on active metabolic pathways. Because smMIP-based targeted RNAseq is cost-effective and can be applied in a medium high-throughput setting (200 samples can be profiled simultaneously in one next generation sequencing run) it is a highly interesting approach for profiling of the activity of genes of interest, including those regulating metabolism, in a routine patient care setting.
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27
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Koch B, Maser E, Hartwig A. Low concentrations of antimony impair DNA damage signaling and the repair of radiation-induced DSB in HeLa S3 cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3823-3833. [PMID: 28612261 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimony is utilized in a large variety of industrial applications, leading to significant environmental and occupational exposure. Mainly based on animal experiments, the IARC and MAK Commission have classified antimony and its inorganic compounds as Group 2B or 2 carcinogens, respectively. However, the underlying mode(s) of action are still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of non-cytotoxic up to cytotoxic concentrations of SbCl3 on DNA DSB repair and cell cycle control in HeLa S3 cells. We induced DSB by γ-irradiation and analyzed inhibitory actions of antimony on potential molecular targets of the DSB repair machinery. Antimony disturbed cell cycle control, affecting phosphorylation of Chk1. Furthermore, the repair of DSB was impaired in the presence of antimony, as monitored by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and γH2AX foci formation of cells in G1 and G2 phase. Specifically, BRCA1 and RAD51 were identified as molecular targets. Our results point towards an interference with both non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), and inhibitory effects may be explained by interactions with critical cysteine groups; this needs to be further investigated. Altogether, the results provide further evidence for the impairment of DNA repair processes as one underlying mechanism in antimony-induced carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Koch
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elena Maser
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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28
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Zhang Y, Dai D, Chang Y, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhou G, Peng Z, Zeng C. Cryopreservation of boar sperm induces differential microRNAs expression. Cryobiology 2017; 76:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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Roy S, Das KP. Homologous Recombination Defective Arabidopsis Mutants Exhibit Enhanced Sensitivity to Abscisic Acid. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169294. [PMID: 28046013 PMCID: PMC5207409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) acts as an important plant hormone in regulating various aspects of plant growth and developmental processes particularly under abiotic stress conditions. An increased ABA level in plant cells inhibits DNA replication and cell division, causing plant growth retardation. In this study, we have investigated the effects of ABA on the growth responses of some major loss-of-function mutants of DNA double-stand break (DSB) repair genes in Arabidopsis during seed germination and early stages of seedling growth for understanding the role of ABA in the induction of genome instability in plants. A comparative analysis of ABA sensitivity of wild-type Arabidopsis and the knockout mutant lines related to DSB sensors, including atatm, atatr, the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway genes, and mutants related to homologous recombination (HR) pathway genes showed relatively enhanced sensitivity of atatr and HR-related mutants to ABA treatment. The expression levels of HR-related genes were increased in wild-type Arabidopsis (Col-0) during seed germination and early stages of seedling growth. Immunoblotting experiments detected phosphorylation of histone H2AX in wild-type (Col-0) and DSB repair gene mutants after ABA treatment, indicating the activation of DNA damage response due to ABA treatment. Analyses of DSB repair kinetics using comet assay under neutral condition have revealed comparatively slower DSB repair activity in HR mutants. Overall, our results have provided comprehensive information on the possible effect of ABA on DNA repair machinery in plants and also indicated potential functional involvement of HR pathway in repairing ABA induced DNA damage in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Roy
- Protein Chemistry laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Kali Pada Das
- Protein Chemistry laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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30
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Mamrak NE, Shimamura A, Howlett NG. Recent discoveries in the molecular pathogenesis of the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Fanconi anemia. Blood Rev 2016; 31:93-99. [PMID: 27760710 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal and X-linked genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and increased cancer risk during early adulthood. The median lifespan for FA patients is approximately 33years. The proteins encoded by the FA genes function together in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair DNA damage and to maintain genome stability. Within the past two years, five new FA genes have been identified-RAD51/FANCR, BRCA1/FANCS, UBE2T/FANCT, XRCC2/FANCU, and REV7/FANCV-bringing the total number of disease-causing genes to 21. This review summarizes the discovery of these new FA genes and describes how these proteins integrate into the FA-BRCA pathway to maintain genome stability and critically prevent early-onset BMF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Mamrak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Niall G Howlett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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31
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Recent advances in the research for the homolog of breast cancer associated gene AtROW1 in higher plants. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:825-31. [PMID: 27502904 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain protein 1), as an important animal tumor suppressor gene associated with many kinds of cancers, has been intensively studied for decades. Surprisingly, homolog of BARD1 was found in plants and it was renamed AtROW1 (repressor of Wuschel-1) according to its extremely important function with regard to plant stem cell homeostasis. Although great advances have been made in human BARD1, the function of this animal tumor-suppressor like gene in plant is not well studied and need to be further elucidated. Here, we review and summarize past and present work regarding this protein. Apart from its previously proposed role in DNA repair, recently it is found essential for shoot and root stem cell development and differentiation in plants. The study of AtROW1 in plant may provide an ideal model for further elucidating the functional mechanism of BARD1 in mammals.
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32
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Kleibl Z, Kristensen VN. Women at high risk of breast cancer: Molecular characteristics, clinical presentation and management. Breast 2016; 28:136-44. [PMID: 27318168 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of breast cancer in any first-degree female relative in general nearly doubles the risk for a proband and the risk gradually increases with the number of affected relatives. Current advances in molecular oncology and oncogenetics may enable the identification of high-risk individuals with breast-cancer predisposition. The best-known forms of hereditary breast cancer (HBC) are caused by mutations in the high-penetrance genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Other genes, including PTEN, TP53, STK11/LKB1, CDH1, PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, MRE11, RAD50, NBS1, BRIP1, FANCA, FANCC, FANCM, RAD51, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2 have been described as high- or moderate-penetrance breast cancer-susceptibility genes. The majority of breast cancer-susceptibility genes code for tumor suppressor proteins that are involved in critical processes of DNA repair pathways. This is of particular importance for those women who, due to their increased risk of breast cancer, may be subjected to more frequent screening but due to their repair deficiency might be at the risk of developing radiation-induced malignancies. It has been proven that cancers arising from the most frequent BRCA1 gene mutation carriers differ significantly from the sporadic disease of age-matched controls in their histopathological appearances and molecular characteristics. The increased depth of mutation detection brought by next-generation sequencing and a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these mutations cause the disease will bring novel insights in terms of oncological prevention, diagnostics, and therapeutic options for HBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway.
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33
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Gerratana L, Fanotto V, Pelizzari G, Agostinetto E, Puglisi F. Do platinum salts fit all triple negative breast cancers? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 48:34-41. [PMID: 27343437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis once metastatic. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that TNBC could be more sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, especially among BRCA1/2-mutated patients. In recent years, several randomised trials have been conducted to evaluate platinum efficacy in both early-stage and advanced TNBC, with conflicting results especially for long-term outcomes. Experimental studies are now focusing on identifying biomarkers of response to help selecting patients who may benefit most from platinum-based therapies, including BRCA1/2 mutational status and genomic instability signatures (such as HRD-LOH or HRD-LST scores). A standard therapy for TNBC is still missing and platinum-based regimens represent an emerging therapeutic option for selected patients with a defect in the homologous recombination repair system. The identification of these patients through validated biomarker assays will be crucial to optimize the use of currently approved agents in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gerratana
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - V Fanotto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - G Pelizzari
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - E Agostinetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - F Puglisi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Stanley EC, Azzinaro PA, Vierra DA, Howlett NG, Irvine SQ. The Simple Chordate Ciona intestinalis Has a Reduced Complement of Genes Associated with Fanconi Anemia. Evol Bioinform Online 2016; 12:133-48. [PMID: 27279728 PMCID: PMC4898443 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s37920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human genetic disease characterized by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, and increased cancer risk. FA is associated with mutation in one of 24 genes. The protein products of these genes function cooperatively in the FA pathway to orchestrate the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. Few model organisms exist for the study of FA. Seeking a model organism with a simpler version of the FA pathway, we searched the genome of the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis for homologs of the human FA-associated proteins. BLAST searches, sequence alignments, hydropathy comparisons, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, and structural modeling were used to infer the likelihood of homology between C. intestinalis and human FA proteins. Our analysis indicates that C. intestinalis indeed has a simpler and potentially functional FA pathway. The C. intestinalis genome was searched for candidates for homology to 24 human FA and FA-associated proteins. Support was found for the existence of homologs for 13 of these 24 human genes in C. intestinalis. Members of each of the three commonly recognized FA gene functional groups were found. In group I, we identified homologs of FANCE, FANCL, FANCM, and UBE2T/FANCT. Both members of group II, FANCD2 and FANCI, have homologs in C. intestinalis. In group III, we found evidence for homologs of FANCJ, FANCO, FANCQ/ERCC4, FANCR/RAD51, and FANCS/BRCA1, as well as the FA-associated proteins ERCC1 and FAN1. Evidence was very weak for the existence of homologs in C. intestinalis for any other recognized FA genes. This work supports the notion that C. intestinalis, as a close relative of vertebrates, but having a much reduced complement of FA genes, offers a means of studying the function of certain FA proteins in a simpler pathway than that of vertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Stanley
- Integrative and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Specialization, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Paul A Azzinaro
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Specialization, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Vierra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Specialization, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Niall G Howlett
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Specialization, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Steven Q Irvine
- Integrative and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Specialization, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Kim SH, Park WS, Yun SI, Joo J, Joung JY, Seo HK, Chung J, Lee GK, Lee KH. Overexpression of BRCA1 or BRCA2 in prostatectomy specimens is predictive of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Histopathology 2015; 68:673-9. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Pathology; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Soo In Yun
- Biometric Research Branch; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Biometric Research Branch; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Department of Pathology; Clinical Research Coordination Center; Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyangsi South Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Urology; Center for Prostate Cancer; Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center; Goyang South Korea
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36
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Whitcomb DC, Shelton CA, Brand RE. Genetics and Genetic Testing in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1252-1264.e4. [PMID: 26255042 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing of germline DNA is used in patients suspected of being at risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to better define the individual's risk and to determine the mechanism of risk. A high genetic risk increases the pretest probability that a biomarker of early cancer is a true positive and warrants further investigation. The highest PDAC risk is generally associated with a hereditary predisposition. However, the majority of PDAC results from complex, progressive gene-environment interactions that currently fall outside the traditional risk models. Over many years, the combination of inflammation, exposure to DNA-damaging toxins, and failed DNA repair promote the accumulation of somatic mutations in pancreatic cells; PDAC risk is further increased by already present oncogenic germline mutations. Predictive models and new technologies are needed to classify patients into more accurate and mechanistic PDAC risk categories that can be linked to improved surveillance and preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Celeste A Shelton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Diao H, Wang L, Huang J, Jiang M, Zhou H, Li X, Chen Q, Jiang Z, Feng H. BRCA1-mediated inflammation and growth activated & inhibited transition mechanisms between no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues and HCC. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:641-50. [PMID: 24151232 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To understand breast cancer 1 early onset (BRCA1)-mediated inflammation and growth activated and inhibited transition mechanisms between no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues (HBV or HCV infection) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), BRCA1-activated different complete (all no positive correlation, Pearson correlation coefficient <0.25) and uncomplete (partly no positive correlation except BRCA1, Pearson <0.25) networks were identified in higher HCC compared with lower no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues (HBV or HCV infection) from the corresponding BRCA1-stimulated (Pearson ≥0.25) or inhibited (Pearson ≤-0.25) overlapping molecules of Pearson and GRNInfer, respectively. This result was verified by the corresponding scatter matrix. As visualized by GO, KEGG, GenMAPP, BioCarta, and disease database integration, we proposed mainly that BRCA1-stimulated different complete network was involved in BRCA1 activation with integral to membrane killer cell lectin-like receptor C to nucleus interferon regulatory factor 5-induced inflammation, whereas the corresponding inhibited network participated in BRCA1 repression with matrix roundabout axon guidance receptor homolog 1 to plasma membrane versican-induced growth in lower no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues (HBV or HCV infection). However, BRCA1-stimulated network contained BRCA1 activation with endothelium-specific to lysosomal transmembrane and carbamoyl synthetase to tastin, histone cluster and cyclin-induced growth, whereas the corresponding inhibited different complete network included BRCA1 repression with ovalbumin, thyroid stimulating hormone beta and Hu antigen C to cytochrome P450 to transducin-induced inflammation in higher HCC. Our BRCA1 different networks were verified by BRCA1-activated or -inhibited complete and uncomplete networks within and between no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhotic tissues (HBV or HCV infection) or (and) HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Diao
- Bioinformatics Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China; State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Pampaloni B, Mavilia C, Fabbri S, Romani A, Ieri F, Tanini A, Tonelli F, Brandi ML. In Vitro Effects of Extracts of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1228-36. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guaragnella N, Marra E, Galli A, Moro L, Giannattasio S. Silencing of BRCA2 decreases anoikis and its heterologous expression sensitizes yeast cells to acetic acid-induced programmed cell death. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1330-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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De Summa S, Pinto R, Sambiasi D, Petriella D, Paradiso V, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. BRCAness: a deeper insight into basal-like breast tumors. Ann Oncol 2014; 24 Suppl 8:viii13-viii21. [PMID: 24131964 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular scenario of breast cancer has become more complex in the last few years. Distinguishing between BRCA-associated, sporadic, HER2-enriched and triple-negative tumors is not sufficient to allow effective clinical management. Basal-like breast cancer, a subtype of triple-negative breast cancer, differs from others grouped under this heading. Commonalities between BRCA-related tumors and basal-like breast cancers (BRCAness phenotype) are highly relevant to ongoing clinical trials, in particular those investigating targeted therapies (e.g. PARP inhibitors) in sporadic breast tumors. The 'gold standard' to identify basal-like phenotype is DNA microarray, but integrated results could provide a panel of biomarkers helpful in identifying 'BRCAness' tumors (e.g. copy number aberrations, abnormal protein localization and altered transcriptional levels) and other molecular targets, such as APE1,the inhibition of which is emerging as an attractive breast cancer treatment in certain therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Summa
- NCRC Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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41
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Helfand BT, Catalona WJ. The Epidemiology and Clinical Implications of Genetic Variation in Prostate Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2014; 41:277-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lü YH, Pan WD, Xiao JH, Sun ZH, Zhong JJ. Cytotoxic mechanism of novel compound jiangxienone from Cordyceps jiangxiensis against cancer cells involving DNA damage response pathway. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Ahmed M, Lalloo F, Evans DG. Update on genetic predisposition to breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tazzite A, Jouhadi H, Hamzi K, Benider A, Nadifi S. Effect of the novel Moroccan BRCA1 and BRCA2 frameshift mutations. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:274-5. [PMID: 24019637 PMCID: PMC3758742 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Tazzite
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical School of Casablanca, Morocco
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Salmon AY, Salmon-Divon M, Zahavi T, Barash Y, Levy-Drummer RS, Jacob-Hirsch J, Peretz T. Determination of molecular markers for BRCA1 and BRCA2 heterozygosity using gene expression profiling. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:82-90. [PMID: 23341570 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5% of all breast cancers can be attributed to an inherited mutation in one of two cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. We searched for genes that have the potential to distinguish healthy BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from noncarriers based on differences in expression profiling. Using expression microarrays, we compared gene expression of irradiated lymphocytes from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers versus control noncarriers. We identified 137 probe sets in BRCA1 carriers and 1,345 in BRCA2 carriers with differential gene expression. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that most of these genes relate to regulation pathways of DNA repair processes, cell-cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Real-time PCR was conducted on the 36 genes, which were most prominently differentially expressed in the microarray assay; 21 genes were shown to be significantly differentially expressed in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers as compared with controls (P < 0.05). On the basis of a validation study with 40 mutation carriers and 17 noncarriers, a multiplex model that included six or more coincidental genes of 18 selected genes was constructed to predict the risk of carrying a mutation. The results using this model showed sensitivity 95% and specificity 88%. In summary, our study provides insight into the biologic effect of heterozygous mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in response to ionizing irradiation-induced DNA damage. We also suggest a set of 18 genes that can serve as a prediction and screening tool for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutational carriers by using easily obtained lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y Salmon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Common variants of Drosophila melanogaster Cyp6d2 cause camptothecin sensitivity and synergize with loss of Brca2. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:91-9. [PMID: 23316441 PMCID: PMC3538347 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.003996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many chemotherapeutic agents selectively target rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells, by causing DNA damage that leads to genome instability and cell death. We used Drosophila melanogaster to study how mutations in key DNA repair genes affect an organism's response to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we focused on camptothecin and its derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan, which are type I topoisomerase inhibitors that create DNA double-strand breaks in rapidly dividing cells. Here, we describe two polymorphisms in Drosophila Cyp6d2 that result in extreme sensitivity to camptothecin but not topotecan or irinotecan. We confirmed that the sensitivity was due to mutations in Cyp6d2 by rescuing the defect with a wild-type copy of Cyp6d2. In addition, we showed that combining a cyp6d2 mutation with mutations in Drosophila brca2 results in extreme sensitivity to camptothecin. Given the frequency of the Cyp6d2 polymorphisms in publcly available Drosophila stocks, our study demonstrates the need for caution when interpreting results from drug sensitivity screens in Drosophila and other model organisms. Furthermore, our findings illustrate how genetic background effects can be important when determining the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in various DNA repair mutants.
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Rouault A, Banneau G, MacGrogan G, Jones N, Elarouci N, Barouk-Simonet E, Venat L, Coupier I, Letouzé E, de Reyniès A, Bonnet F, Iggo R, Sévenet N, Longy M. Deletion of chromosomes 13q and 14q is a common feature of tumors with BRCA2 mutations. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52079. [PMID: 23284877 PMCID: PMC3528765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations account for 20-30% of familial clustering of breast cancer. The main indication for BRCA2 screening is currently the family history but the yield of mutations identified in patients selected this way is low. METHODS To develop more efficient approaches to screening we have compared the gene expression and genomic profiles of BRCA2-mutant breast tumors with those of breast tumors lacking BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. RESULTS We identified a group of 66 genes showing differential expression in our training set of 7 BRCA2-mutant tumors and in an independent validation set of 19 BRCA2-mutant tumors. The differentially expressed genes include a prominent cluster of genes from chromosomes 13 and 14 whose expression is reduced. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that genes in specific bands on 13q and 14q showed significantly reduced expression, suggesting that the affected bands may be preferentially deleted in BRCA2-mutant tumors. Genomic profiling showed that the BRCA2-mutant tumors indeed harbor deletions on chromosomes 13q and 14q. To exploit this information we have created a simple fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test and shown that it detects tumors with deletions on chromosomes 13q and 14q. CONCLUSION Together with previous reports, this establishes that deletions on chromosomes 13q and 14q are a hallmark of BRCA2-mutant tumors. We propose that FISH to detect these deletions would be an efficient and cost-effective first screening step to identify potential BRCA2-mutation carriers among breast cancer patients without a family history of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Rouault
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaëtan MacGrogan
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
- Pathology Department, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Natalie Jones
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs (CIT) Program, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Venat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Coupier
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Val d’Aurelle Regional Cancer Centre, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs (CIT) Program, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs (CIT) Program, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bonnet
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard Iggo
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Sévenet
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Longy
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 916, University of Bordeaux, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
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Pijpe A, Andrieu N, Easton DF, Kesminiene A, Cardis E, Noguès C, Gauthier-Villars M, Lasset C, Fricker JP, Peock S, Frost D, Evans DG, Eeles RA, Paterson J, Manders P, van Asperen CJ, Ausems MGEM, Meijers-Heijboer H, Thierry-Chef I, Hauptmann M, Goldgar D, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE. Exposure to diagnostic radiation and risk of breast cancer among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations: retrospective cohort study (GENE-RAD-RISK). BMJ 2012; 345:e5660. [PMID: 22956590 PMCID: PMC3435441 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with diagnostic radiation in carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study (GENE-RAD-RISK). SETTING Three nationwide studies (GENEPSO, EMBRACE, HEBON) in France, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, PARTICIPANTS 1993 female carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations recruited in 2006-09. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of breast cancer estimated with a weighted Cox proportional hazards model with a time dependent individually estimated cumulative breast dose, based on nominal estimates of organ dose and frequency of self reported diagnostic procedures. To correct for potential survival bias, the analysis excluded carriers who were diagnosed more than five years before completion of the study questionnaire. RESULTS In carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations any exposure to diagnostic radiation before the age of 30 was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 3.00), with a dose-response pattern. The risks by quarter of estimated cumulative dose <0.0020 Gy, ≥ 0.0020-0.0065 Gy, ≥ 0.0066-0.0173 Gy, and ≥ 0.0174 Gy were 1.63 (0.96 to 2.77), 1.78 (0.88 to 3.58), 1.75 (0.72 to 4.25), and 3.84 (1.67 to 8.79), respectively. Analyses on the different types of diagnostic procedures showed a pattern of increasing risk with increasing number of radiographs before age 20 and before age 30 compared with no exposure. A history of mammography before age 30 was also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio 1.43, 0.85 to 2.40). Sensitivity analysis showed that this finding was not caused by confounding by indication of family history. CONCLUSION In this large European study among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations, exposure to diagnostic radiation before age 30 was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer at dose levels considerably lower than those at which increases have been found in other cohorts exposed to radiation. The results of this study support the use of non-ionising radiation imaging techniques (such as magnetic resonance imaging) as the main tool for surveillance in young women with BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Pijpe
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yin Y, Seifert A, Chua JS, Maure JF, Golebiowski F, Hay RT. SUMO-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF4 is required for the response of human cells to DNA damage. Genes Dev 2012; 26:1196-208. [PMID: 22661230 DOI: 10.1101/gad.189274.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that RNF4, a highly conserved small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase, plays a critical role in the response of mammalian cells to DNA damage. Human cells in which RNF4 expression was ablated by siRNA or chicken DT40 cells with a homozygous deletion of the RNF4 gene displayed increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Recruitment of RNF4 to double-strand breaks required its RING and SUMO interaction motif (SIM) domains and DNA damage factors such as NBS1, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), RNF8, 53BP1, and BRCA1. In the absence of RNF4, these factors were still recruited to sites of DNA damage, but 53BP1, RNF8, and RNF168 displayed delayed clearance from such foci. SILAC-based proteomics of SUMO substrates revealed that MDC1 was SUMO-modified in response to ionizing radiation. As a consequence of SUMO modification, MDC1 recruited RNF4, which mediated ubiquitylation at the DNA damage site. Failure to recruit RNF4 resulted in defective loading of replication protein A (RPA) and Rad51 onto ssDNA. This appeared to be a consequence of reduced recruitment of the CtIP nuclease, resulting in inefficient end resection. Thus, RNF4 is a novel DNA damage-responsive protein that plays a role in homologous recombination and integrates SUMO modification and ubiquitin signaling in the cellular response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Yin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Mauro M, Rego MA, Boisvert RA, Esashi F, Cavallo F, Jasin M, Howlett NG. p21 promotes error-free replication-coupled DNA double-strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:8348-60. [PMID: 22735704 PMCID: PMC3458556 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p21 is a well-established regulator of cell cycle progression. The role of p21 in DNA repair, however, remains poorly characterized. Here, we describe a critical role of p21 in a replication-coupled DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair that is mechanistically distinct from its cell cycle checkpoint function. We demonstrate that p21-deficient cells exhibit elevated chromatid-type aberrations, including gaps and breaks, dicentrics and radial formations, following exposure to several DSB-inducing agents. p21−/− cells also exhibit an increased DNA damage-inducible DNA-PKCS S2056 phosphorylation, indicative of elevated non-homologous DNA end joining. Concomitantly, p21−/− cells are defective in replication-coupled homologous recombination (HR), exhibiting decreased sister chromatid exchanges and HR-dependent repair as determined using a crosslinked GFP reporter assay. Importantly, we establish that the DSB hypersensitivity of p21−/− cells is associated with increased cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-dependent BRCA2 S3291 phosphorylation and MRE11 nuclear foci formation and can be rescued by inhibition of CDK or MRE11 nuclease activity. Collectively, our results uncover a novel mechanism by which p21 regulates the fidelity of replication-coupled DSB repair and the maintenance of chromosome stability distinct from its role in the G1-S phase checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mauro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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