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Bhullar AS, Zhang L, Burns N, Cheng X, Guo P. Voltage controlled shutter regulates channel size and motion direction of protein aperture as durable nano-electric rectifier-----An opinion in biomimetic nanoaperture. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121863. [PMID: 36356474 PMCID: PMC9766157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In optical devices such as camera or microscope, an aperture is used to regulate light intensity for imaging. Here we report the discovery and construction of a durable bio-aperture at nanometerscale that can regulate current at the pico-ampere scale. The nano-aperture is made of 12 identical protein subunits that form a 3.6-nm channel with a shutter and "one-way traffic" property. This shutter responds to electrical potential differences across the aperture and can be turned off for double stranded DNA translocation. This voltage enables directional control, and three-step regulation for opening and closing. The nano-aperture was constructed in vitro and purified into homogeneity. The aperture was stable at pH2-12, and a temperature of -85C-60C. When an electrical potential was held, three reproducible discrete steps of current flowing through the channel were recorded. Each step reduced 32% of the channel dimension evident by the reduction of the measured current flowing through the aperture. The current change is due to the change of the resistance of aperture size. The transition between these three distinct steps and the direction of the current was controlled via the polarity of the voltage applied across the aperture. When the C-terminal of the aperture was fused to an antigen, the antibody and antigen interaction resulted in a 32% reduction of the channel size. This phenomenon was used for disease diagnosis since the incubation of the antigen-nano-aperture with a specific cancer antibody resulted in a change of 32% of current. The purified truncated cone-shape aperture automatically self-assembled efficiently into a sheet of the tetragonal array via head-to-tail self-interaction. The nano-aperture discovery with a controllable shutter, discrete-step current regulation, formation of tetragonal sheet, and one-way current traffic provides a nanoscale electrical circuit rectifier for nanodevices and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhjeet S Bhullar
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy; College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; And Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy; College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; And Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicolas Burns
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy; College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; And Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy; College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; And Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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El Hamoui O, Saydé T, Svahn I, Gudin A, Gontier E, Le Coustumer P, Verget J, Barthélémy P, Gaudin K, Battu S, Lespes G, Alies B. Nucleoside-Derived Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators as a Synthetic Microenvironment for 3D Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3387-3398. [PMID: 35772731 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the last few decades, many efforts have been made in developing cell culture methods in order to overcome the biological limitations of the conventional two-dimensional culture. This paradigm shift is driven by a large amount of new hydrogel-based systems for three-dimensional culture, among other systems, since they are known to mimic some living tissue properties. One class of hydrogel precursors has received interest in the field of biomaterials, low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs). In comparison to polymer gels, LMWG gels are formed by weak interactions upon an external trigger between the molecular subunits, giving them the ability to reverse the gelation, thus showing potential for many applications of practical interest. This study presents the use of the nucleoside derivative subclass of LMWGs, which are glyco-nucleo-bola-amphiphiles, as a proof of concept of a 3D cell culture scaffold. Physicochemical characterization was performed in order to reach the optimal features to fulfill the requirements of the cell culture microenvironment, in terms of the mechanical properties, architecture, molecular diffusion, porosity, and experimental practicality. The retained conditions were tested by culturing glioblastoma cells for over a month. The cell viability, proliferation, and spatial organization showed during the experiments demonstrate the proof of concept of nucleoside-derived LMWGs as a soft 3D cell culture scaffold. One of the hydrogels tested permits cell proliferation and spheroidal organization over the entire culture time. These systems offer many advantages as they consume very few matters within the optimal range of viscoelasticity for cell culture, and the thermoreversibility of these hydrogels permits their use with few instruments. The LMWG-based scaffold for the 3D cell culture presented in this study unlocked the ability to grow spheroids from patient cells to reach personalized therapies by dramatically reducing the variability of the lattice used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Hamoui
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Tarek Saydé
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,Université de Limoges, UMR INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Svahn
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Gudin
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Gontier
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Verget
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karen Gaudin
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Université de Limoges, UMR INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Alies
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Saydé T, El Hamoui O, Alies B, Gaudin K, Lespes G, Battu S. Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: From Applications in Oncology to Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 33668665 PMCID: PMC7917665 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has revolutionized cellular biology research and opened the door to novel discoveries in terms of cellular behavior and response to microenvironment stimuli. Different types of 3D culture exist today, including hydrogel scaffold-based models, which possess a complex structure mimicking the extracellular matrix. These hydrogels can be made of polymers (natural or synthetic) or low-molecular weight gelators that, via the supramolecular assembly of molecules, allow the production of a reproducible hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties. When cancer cells are grown in this type of hydrogel, they develop into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Three-dimensional (3D) cancer culture combined with a complex microenvironment that consists of a platform to study tumor development and also to assess the toxicity of physico-chemical entities such as ions, molecules or particles. With the emergence of nanoparticles of different origins and natures, implementing a reproducible in vitro model that consists of a bio-indicator for nano-toxicity assays is inevitable. However, the maneuver process of such a bio-indicator requires the implementation of a repeatable system that undergoes an exhaustive follow-up. Hence, the biggest challenge in this matter is the reproducibility of the MCTS and the associated full-scale characterization of this system's components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Saydé
- EA3842-CAPTuR, GEIST, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France;
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Omar El Hamoui
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (E2S/UPPA), 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Bruno Alies
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Karen Gaudin
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (E2S/UPPA), 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Serge Battu
- EA3842-CAPTuR, GEIST, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France;
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El Hamoui O, Gaudin K, Battu S, Barthélémy P, Lespes G, Alies B. Self-Assembly of Nucleoside-Derived Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators: A Thermodynamics and Kinetics Study on Different Length Scales. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:297-310. [PMID: 33350837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible materials are of paramount importance in numerous fields. Unlike chemically bridge polymer-based hydrogels, low-molecular-weight gelators can form a reversible hydrogel as their structures rely on noncovalent interaction. Although many applications with this type of hydrogel can be envisioned, we still lack their understanding due to the complexity of their self-assembly process and the difficulty in predicting their behaviors (transition temperature, gelation kinetics, the impact of solvent, etc.). In this study, we extend the investigations of a series of nucleoside-derived gelators, which only differ by subtle chemical modifications. Using a multitechnique approach, we determined their thermodynamic and kinetic features on various scale (molecular to macro) in different conditions. Monitored at the supramolecular level by circular dichroism as well as macroscopic scales by rheology and turbidimetry, we found out that the sol-gel and gel-sol transitions are greatly dependent on the concentration and on the mechanisms that are probed. Self-assembly kinetics depends on hydrogel molecules and is modulated by temperature and solvent. This fundamental study provides insight on the impact of some parameters on the gelation process, such as concentration, cooling rate, and the nature of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Hamoui
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Karen Gaudin
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Battu
- EA3842- CAPTuR, GEIST, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Alies
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Bella A, Shaw M, De Santis E, Ryadnov MG. Imaging Protein Fibers at the Nanoscale and In Situ. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1777:83-100. [PMID: 29744829 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7811-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein self-assembly offers a rich repertoire of tools and technologies. However, despite significant progress in this area, a deterministic measure of the phenomenon, which might lead to predictable relationships between protein components, assembly mechanisms, and ultimately function, is lacking. Often the challenge relates to the choice of the most informative and precise measurements that can link the chemistry of the building blocks with the resulting assembly, ideally in situ and in real time. Using the example of protein fibrillogenesis-a self-assembly process fundamental to nearly every aspect of biological organization, from viral assembly to tissue restoration-this chapter demonstrates how protein self-assembly can be visually and precisely measured while providing measurement protocols applicable to other self-assembly systems.
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Bella A, Ray S, Shaw M, Ryadnov MG. Arbitrary Self-Assembly of Peptide Extracellular Microscopic Matrices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:428-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bella A, Ray S, Shaw M, Ryadnov MG. Arbitrary Self-Assembly of Peptide Extracellular Microscopic Matrices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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de la Rica R, Matsui H. Applications of peptide and protein-based materials in bionanotechnology. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3499-509. [PMID: 20596584 PMCID: PMC6345668 DOI: 10.1039/b917574c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review we highlight recent advances in the use of peptide- and protein-related materials as smart building blocks in nanotechnology. Peptides and proteins can be very practical for new material synthesis and device fabrications. For example, peptides and proteins have superior specificity for target binding as seen in the antibody recognition and this biological recognition function can be used to assemble them into specific structures and shapes in large scale, as observed in the S-layer protein assembly. Collagens are assembled from triple helix peptides in micron-size with precise recognition between peptides and these biological assemblies can undergo smart structural change with pH, ionic strength, temperature, electric/magnetic fields. In addition, assemblies of peptides can template complex 3D crystallization processes with catalytic function, thus enabling to grow various materials in physiological conditions at low temperature in aqueous solution. The biomimetic growth of nanomaterials in aqueous solution is extremely useful when they are applied to therapeutics and medical imaging in vivo since these nanomaterials will be well dispersed in bodies. Peptides also play significant roles in signal transduction pathways in cells. For example, neuropeptides are used as neurotransmitters between synapses and these peptides bind receptors on the surface of cells to cascade the signal transduction. These versatile functions of peptides are extremely practical and here we discuss them with examples of relevant applications such as nanoreactors, sensors, electronics, and stimulus-responsive materials. It should be noted that peptide/protein assemblies can be applied to build up micron-scale materials that still feature excellent nano-scale ensembles, which essentially bridges the nano-world and the micro-world (86 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de la Rica
- City University of New York-Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Cerasoli E, Rakowska PD, Horgan A, Ravi J, Bradley M, Vincent B, Ryadnov MG. MiS-MALDI: microgel-selected detection of protein biomarkers by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2214-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Engineering responsive mechanisms to control the assembly of peptide-based nanostructures. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:653-9. [PMID: 19614570 DOI: 10.1042/bst0370653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specificity, biological structural platforms may have advantages for the creation of functional supramolecular assemblies in comparison with synthetic polymers. Thus biological structural motifs present an attractive target for the synthesis of artificial nanoscale systems on the basis of relationships between sequence and supramolecular structure that have been established for native biological assemblies. In the present review, we describe an approach to the creation of structurally defined supramolecular assemblies derived from synthetic alpha-helical coiled-coil structural motifs. Two distinct challenges are encountered in this approach to materials design: the ability to recode the canonical sequences of native coiled-coil structural motifs to accommodate the formation of structurally defined supramolecular assemblies (e.g. synthetic helical fibrils) and the development of methods to control supramolecular self-assembly of these peptide-based materials under defined conditions that would be amenable to conventional processing methods. In the present review, we focus on the development of mechanisms based on guest-host recognition to control fibril assembly/disassembly. This strategy utilizes the latent structural specificity encoded within sequence-defined peptides to couple a conformational transition within the coiled-coil motifs to incremental changes in environmental conditions. The example of a selective metal-ion-induced conformational switch will be employed to validate the design principles.
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Abdoul-Carime H, König-Lehmann C, Kopyra J, Farizon B, Farizon M, Illenberger E. Dissociative electron attachment to amino-acids: The case of Leucine. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maji SK, Wang L, Greenwald J, Riek R. Structure-activity relationship of amyloid fibrils. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2610-7. [PMID: 19596006 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a process in which proteins self-associate into imperfectly ordered macroscopic entities. Such aggregates are generally classified as either amorphous or highly ordered, the most common form of the latter being amyloid fibrils. Amyloid fibrils composed of cross-beta-sheet structure are the pathological hallmarks of several diseases including Alzheimer's disease, but are also associated with functional states such as the fungal HET-s prion. This review aims to summarize the recent high-resolution structural studies of amyloid fibrils in light of their (potential) activities. We propose that the repetitive nature of the cross-beta-sheet structure of amyloids is key for their multiple properties: the repeating motifs can translate a rather non-specific interaction into a specific one through cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Maji
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, IIT-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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Mondal J, Sung BJ, Yethiraj A. Sequence-Directed Organization of β-Peptides in Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:9379-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903341u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Arun Yethiraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
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Brudno Y, Liu DR. Recent progress toward the templated synthesis and directed evolution of sequence-defined synthetic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:265-76. [PMID: 19318208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins are ubiquitous in living systems, but their ability to address problems beyond those found in nature is constrained by factors such as chemical or biological instability, limited building-block functionality, bioavailability, and immunogenicity. In principle, sequence-defined synthetic polymers based on nonbiological monomers and backbones might overcome these constraints; however, identifying the sequence of a synthetic polymer that possesses a specific desired functional property remains a major challenge. Molecular evolution can rapidly generate functional polymers but requires a means of translating amplifiable templates such as nucleic acids into the polymer being evolved. This review covers recent advances in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic templated polymerization of nonnatural polymers and their potential applications in the directed evolution of sequence-defined synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeny Brudno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 12 Oxford Street, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Papapostolou D, Howorka S. Engineering and exploiting protein assemblies in synthetic biology. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:723-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b902440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gajjeraman S, He G, Narayanan K, George A. Biological assemblies provide novel templates for the synthesis of hierarchical structures and facilitate cell adhesion. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2008; 18:3972-3980. [PMID: 19768126 PMCID: PMC2746078 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200801215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical mismatch and the lack of interactions between implants and the natural tissue environment are the major drawbacks in bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials mimicking the self-assembly process and the composition of the bone matrix should provide new route for fabricating biomaterials possessing novel osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties for bone repair. In the present study, we employ bio-inspired strategies to design de novo self-assembled chimeric protein hydrogels comprising leucine zipper motifs flanked by dentin matrix protein 1 domain, which was characterized as a mineralization nucleator. Results showed that this chimeric protein could function as a hydroxyapatite nucleator in pseudo-physiological buffer with the formation of highly oriented apatites similar to biogenic bone mineral. It could also function as an inductive substrate for osteoblast adhesion, promote cell surface integrin presentation and clustering, and modulate the formation of focal contacts. Such biomimetic "bottom-up" construction with dual osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties should open new avenues for bone tissue engineering.Mechanical mismatch and the lack of interactions between implants and the natural tissue environment are the major drawbacks in bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials mimicking the self-assembly process and the composition of the bone matrix should provide new route for fabricating biomaterials possessing novel osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties for bone repair. In the present study, we employ bio-inspired strategies to design de novo self-assembled chimeric protein hydrogels comprising leucine zipper motifs flanked by dentin matrix protein 1 domain, which was characterized as a mineralization nucleator. Results showed that this chimeric protein could function as a hydroxyapatite nucleator in pseudo-physiological buffer with the formation of highly oriented apatites similar to biogenic bone mineral. It could also function as an inductive substrate for osteoblast adhesion, promote cell surface integrin presentation and clustering, and modulate the formation of focal contacts. Such biomimetic "bottom-up" construction with dual osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties should open new avenues for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne George
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Anne George, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 (USA), , Tel.: 312-413-0738; Fax: 312-996-6044
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street Toronto, ON, Canada.
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