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Zhang K, Shen H, Wang Y, Shen H, Zhang C, Zou X, Yu Y, Tian X, Wang Y. Identification of End-Binding 1 Protein as Novel α-4 Giardin-Binding Partners in Giardia lamblia Trophozoites. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:505-513. [PMID: 38206477 PMCID: PMC11001682 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia lamblia (syn. G. intestinalis, G. duodenalis) is a primitive opportunistic protozoon, and one of the earliest differentiated eukaryotes. Despite its primitive nature, G. lamblia has a sophisticated cytoskeleton system, which is closely related to its proliferation and pathogenicity. Meanwhile, α giardin is a G. lamblia-specific cytoskeleton protein, which belongs to the annexin superfamily. Interestingly, G. lamblia has 21 annexin-like α giardins, i.e., more than higher eukaryotes. The functional differences among α giardin members are not fully understood. METHODS We took α-4 giardin, a member of α giardin family, as a research object. A morpholino-mediated knockdown experiment was performed to identify the effect of α-4 giardin on G. lamblia trophozoites biological traits. A yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of G. lamblia strain C2 trophozoites was screened for interaction partners of α-4 giardin. Co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescent colocalization confirmed the relationship between G. lamblia EB1 (gEB1) and α-4 giardin. RESULTS α-4 Giardin could inhibit the proliferation and adhesion of G. lamblia trophozoites. In addition, it interacted with G. lamblia EB1 (gEB1). CONCLUSIONS α-4 Giardin was involved in proliferation and adhesion in G. lamblia trophozoites, and EB1, a crucial roles in mitosis, was an interacting partner of α-4 giardin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Hai'e Shen
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Hailin Shen
- The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Chenshuo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Xu Zou
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Xifeng Tian
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
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2
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Li D, Li X, He H, Zhang Y, He H, Sun C, Zhang X, Wang X, Kan Z, Su Y, Han S, Xia L, Tan B, Ma M, Zhu Q, Yin H, Cui C. miR-10a-5p inhibits chicken granulosa cells proliferation and Progesterone(P4) synthesis by targeting MAPRE1 to suppress CDK2. Theriogenology 2022; 192:97-108. [PMID: 36084389 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for ovarian follicle growth and ovulation, which are necessary to support the normal function of the follicle. Numerous studies suggest that miRNAs play key roles in this process. In this study, we report a novel role for miR-10a-5p that inhibits ovarian GCs proliferation and progesterone (P4) synthesis in chicken. Specifically, we found that miR-10a-5p significantly decreased the P4 secretion by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot. Moreover, we observed that miR-10a-5p can inhibit the proliferation of chicken GCs through the investigation of cell proliferation gene expression, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), cell cycle progression, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Then we screened a target gene MAPRE1 of miR-10a-5p, which can promote P4 synthesis and proliferation of GCs. To explore how miR-10a-5p affects cell cycle by MAPRE1, we investigated the interaction between MAPRE1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) by Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and then we found that MAPRE1 can form a complex with CDK2. In addition, miR-10a-5p was found to inhibit CDK2 expression by repressing the expression of MAPRE1. Overall, our results indicate that miR-10a-5p regulates the proliferation and P4 synthesis of chicken GCs by targeting MAPRE1 to suppress CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haorong He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xunzi Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhaoyi Kan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yang Su
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengen Ma
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Das P, Badhe MR, Sahoo PK, Reddy RRK, Suryawanshi AR, Mohanty J. Immunoproteomic analysis of fish ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis antigens. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12837. [PMID: 33811350 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM An immunoproteomic approach was followed to identify immunoreactive antigens of fish ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis with rohu (Labeo rohita) immune sera for screening of potential vaccine candidates. MATERIALS AND RESULTS The whole adult Argulus antigen was run in 2D electrophoresis with IEF in 7 cm IPG strips of pH 4-7 and SDS-PAGE with 12% acrylamide concentration. Two parallel gels were run; one was stained with silver stain, and the other was Western blotted to nitrocellulose paper (NCP) and reacted with rohu anti-A siamensis sera. Fourteen protein spots corresponding to the spots developed in NCP were picked from the silver-stained gel and subjected to mass spectrometry in MALDI-TOF/TOF. The MS/MS spectra were analysed in MASCOT software with taxonomy 'other metazoa' and the proteins identified based on similarity with the proteins from heterologous species. The gene ontology analysis revealed a majority of proteins being involved in binding activity in 'molecular function' and belonging to metabolic processes in 'biologic process' categories. The possibility of these proteins as vaccine candidates against A siamensis is discussed in the paper. CONCLUSION Three of the identified proteins namely, bromodomain-containing protein, anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 and elongation factor-2 could possibly serve as vaccine candidates against argulosis in carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Das
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mohan R Badhe
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
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Datta A, Deng S, Gopal V, Yap KCH, Halim CE, Lye ML, Ong MS, Tan TZ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Insights into Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1882. [PMID: 33919917 PMCID: PMC8070945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, a vital cellular process during metastasis is the transformation of epithelial cells towards motile mesenchymal cells called the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The cytoskeleton is an active network of three intracellular filaments: actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These filaments play a central role in the structural design and cell behavior and are necessary for EMT. During EMT, epithelial cells undergo a cellular transformation as manifested by cell elongation, migration, and invasion, coordinated by actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The actin cytoskeleton is an extremely dynamic structure, controlled by a balance of assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Actin-binding proteins regulate the process of actin polymerization and depolymerization. Microtubule reorganization also plays an important role in cell migration and polarization. Intermediate filaments are rearranged, switching to a vimentin-rich network, and this protein is used as a marker for a mesenchymal cell. Hence, targeting EMT by regulating the activities of their key components may be a potential solution to metastasis. This review summarizes the research done on the physiological functions of the cytoskeleton, its role in the EMT process, and its effect on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells-highlight some future perspectives in cancer therapy by targeting cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Datta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Vennila Gopal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Kenneth Chun-Hong Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mun Leng Lye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Lin SJ, Huang CF, Wu TS, Li CC, Lee FJS. Arl4D-EB1 interaction promotes centrosomal recruitment of EB1 and microtubule growth. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2348-2362. [PMID: 32755434 PMCID: PMC7851962 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like 4D (Arl4D), one of the Arf-like small GTPases, functions in the regulation of cell morphology, cell migration, and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. End-binding 1 (EB1) is a microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking protein that preferentially localizes at the tips of the plus ends of growing MTs and at the centrosome. EB1 depletion results in many centrosome-related defects. Here, we report that Arl4D promotes the recruitment of EB1 to the centrosome and regulates MT nucleation. We first showed that Arl4D interacts with EB1 in a GTP-dependent manner. This interaction is dependent on the C-terminal EB homology region of EB1 and partially dependent on an SxLP motif of Arl4D. We found that Arl4D colocalized with γ-tubulin in centrosomes and the depletion of Arl4D resulted in a centrosomal MT nucleation defect. We further demonstrated that abolishing Arl4D-EB1 interaction decreased MT nucleation rate and diminished the centrosomal recruitment of EB1 without affecting MT growth rate. In addition, Arl4D binding to EB1 increased the association between the p150 subunit of dynactin and the EB1, which is important for MT stabilization. Together, our results indicate that Arl4D modulates MT nucleation through regulation of the EB1–p150 association at the centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jin Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fang Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jen S Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, 100225 Taipei, Taiwan
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Molines AT, Stoppin-Mellet V, Arnal I, Coquelle FM. Plant and mouse EB1 proteins have opposite intrinsic properties on the dynamic instability of microtubules. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:296. [PMID: 32571413 PMCID: PMC7310003 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most eukaryotic cells contain microtubule filaments, which play central roles in intra-cellular organization. However, microtubule networks have a wide variety of architectures from one cell type and organism to another. Nonetheless, the sequences of tubulins, of Microtubule Associated proteins (MAPs) and the structure of microtubules are usually well conserved throughout the evolution. MAPs being known to be responsible for regulating microtubule organization and dynamics, this raises the question of the conservation of their intrinsic properties. Indeed, knowing how the intrinsic properties of individual MAPs differ between organisms might enlighten our understanding of how distinct microtubule networks are built. End-Binding protein 1 (EB1), first described as a MAP in yeast, is conserved in plants and mammals. The intrinsic properties of the mammalian and the yeast EB1 proteins have been well described in the literature but, to our knowledge, the intrinsic properties of EB1 from plant and mammals have not been compared thus far. RESULTS Here, using an in vitro assay, we discovered that plant and mammalian EB1 purified proteins have different intrinsic properties on microtubule dynamics. Indeed, the mammalian EB1 protein increases microtubules dynamic while the plant EB1 protein stabilizes them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Molines
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France. .,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Virginie Stoppin-Mellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Isabelle Arnal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric M Coquelle
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France. .,Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, CNRS, UMR3347/INSERM U1021, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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7
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Hsu SC, Yih LH. HSP70 is required for the proper assembly of pericentriolar material and function of mitotic centrosomes. Cell Div 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 31110557 PMCID: PMC6511203 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the onset of mitosis, the centrosome expands and matures, acquiring enhanced activities for microtubule nucleation and assembly of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle. However, the mechanisms that regulate centrosome expansion and maturation are largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated in an immortalized human cell line CGL2 and cancer cell line HeLa that the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) accumulates at the mitotic centrosome and is required for centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle assembly. Results In this study, we further show that HSP70 accumulated at the spindle pole in a PLK1-dependent manner. HSP70 colocalized with pericentrin (PCNT), CEP215 and γ-tubulin at the spindle pole and was required for the 3D assembly of these three proteins, which supports mitotic centrosome function. Loss of HSP70 disrupted mitotic centrosome structure, reduced pericentriolar material recruitment and induced fragmentation of spindle poles. In addition, HSP70 was necessary for the interaction between PCNT and CEP215 and also facilitated PLK1 accumulation and function at the spindle pole. Furthermore, we found that HSP70 chaperone activity is required for PCNT accumulation at the mitotic centrosome and assembly of mitotic spindles. Conclusion Our current results demonstrate that HSP70 is required for the accurate assembly of the pericentriolar material and proper functioning of mitotic centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Hsu
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- 2Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
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Molines AT, Marion J, Chabout S, Besse L, Dompierre JP, Mouille G, Coquelle FM. EB1 contributes to microtubule bundling and organization, along with root growth, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.030510. [PMID: 29945874 PMCID: PMC6124560 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are involved in plant development and adaptation to their environment, but the sustaining molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Microtubule-end-binding 1 (EB1) proteins participate in directional root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, a connection to the underlying microtubule array has not been established yet. We show here that EB1 proteins contribute to the organization of cortical microtubules in growing epidermal plant cells, without significant modulation of microtubule dynamics. Using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and an original quantification approach, we also demonstrate a significant reduction of apparent microtubule bundling in cytoplasmic-EB1-deficient plants, suggesting a function for EB1 in the interaction between adjacent microtubules. Furthermore, we observed root growth defects in EB1-deficient plants, which are not related to cell division impairment. Altogether, our results support a role for EB1 proteins in root development, in part by maintaining the organization of cortical microtubules. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: EB1 proteins affect cortical-microtubule bundling and organization in Arabidopsis thaliana, without significant modulation of microtubule dynamics. They also participate in root growth, further linking microtubules to plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Molines
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jessica Marion
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Salem Chabout
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA - AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Besse
- Light Microscopy Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jim P Dompierre
- Light Microscopy Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA - AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric M Coquelle
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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9
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Logan CM, Bowen CJ, Menko AS. Functional role for stable microtubules in lens fiber cell elongation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:477-488. [PMID: 29253534 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of tissue morphogenesis, especially for tissues reliant on the establishment of a specific cytoarchitecture for their functionality, depends a balanced interplay between cytoskeletal elements and their interactions with cell adhesion molecules. The microtubule cytoskeleton, which has many roles in the cell, is a determinant of directional cell migration, a process that underlies many aspects of development. We investigated the role of microtubules in development of the lens, a tissue where cell elongation underlies morphogenesis. Our studies with the microtubule depolymerizing agent nocodazole revealed an essential function for the acetylated population of stable microtubules in the elongation of lens fiber cells, which was linked to their regulation of the activation state of myosin. Suppressing myosin activation with the inhibitor blebbistatin could attenuate the loss of acetylated microtubules by nocodazole and rescue the effect of this microtubule depolymerization agent on both fiber cell elongation and lens integrity. Our results also suggest that acetylated microtubules impact lens morphogenesis through their interaction with N-cadherin junctions, with which they specifically associate in the region where lens fiber cell elongate. Disruption of the stable microtubule network increased N-cadherin junctional organization along lateral borders of differentiating lens fiber cells, which was prevented by suppression of myosin activity. These results reveal a role for the stable microtubule population in lens fiber cell elongation, acting in tandem with N-cadherin cell-cell junctions and the actomyosin network, giving insight into the cooperative role these systems play in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Caitlin J Bowen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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Xie S, Yang Y, Lin X, Zhou J, Li D, Liu M. Characterization of a novel EB1 acetylation site important for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and cargo recruitment. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2581-2589. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
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11
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Morlon-Guyot J, Francia ME, Dubremetz JF, Daher W. Towards a molecular architecture of the centrosome in Toxoplasma gondii. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:55-71. [PMID: 28026138 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. The pathogenicity of this unicellular parasite is tightly linked to its ability to efficiently proliferate within its host. Tachyzoites, the fast dividing form of the parasite, divide by endodyogeny. This process involves a single round of DNA replication, closed nuclear mitosis, and assembly of two daughter cells within a mother. The successful completion of endodyogeny relies on the temporal and spatial coordination of a plethora of simultaneous events. It has been shown that the Toxoplasma centrosome serves as signaling hub which nucleates spindle microtubules during mitosis and organizes the scaffolding of daughter cells components during cytokinesis. In addition, the centrosome is essential for inheriting both the apicoplast (a chloroplast-like organelle) and the Golgi apparatus. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that the T. gondii centrosome diverges in protein composition, structure and organization from its counterparts in higher eukaryotes making it an attractive source of potentially druggable targets. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on T. gondii centrosomal proteins and extend the putative centrosomal protein repertoire by in silico identification of mammalian centrosomal protein orthologs. We propose a working model for the organization and architecture of the centrosome in Toxoplasma parasites. Experimental validation of our proposed model will uncover how each predicted protein translates into the biology of centrosome, cytokinesis, karyokinesis, and organelle inheritance in Toxoplasma parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Morlon-Guyot
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maria E Francia
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Jean-François Dubremetz
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Setayandeh SS, Lohrasebi A. Multi scale modeling of 2450MHz electric field effects on microtubule mechanical properties. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 70:122-128. [PMID: 27723560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) rigidity and response to 2450MHz electric fields were investigated, via multi scale modeling approach. For this purpose, six systems were designed and simulated to consider all types of feasible interactions between α and β monomers in MT, by using all atom molecular dynamics method. Subsequently, coarse grain modeling was used to design different lengths of MT. Investigation of effects of external 2450MHz electric field on MT showed MT less rigidity in the presence of such field, which may perturb its functions. Moreover, an additional computational setup was designed to study effects of 2450MHz field on MT response to AFM tip. It was found, more tip velocity led to MT faster transformation and less time was required to change MT elastic response to plastic one, applying constant radius. Moreover it was observed smaller tip caused to increase required time to change MT elastic response to plastic one, considering constant velocity. Furthermore, exposing MT to 2450MHz field led to no significant changes in MT response to AFM tip, but quick change in MT elastic response to plastic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Setayandeh
- Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Lohrasebi
- Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Katsuki M, Drummond DR, Cross RA. Ectopic A-lattice seams destabilize microtubules. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3094. [PMID: 24463734 PMCID: PMC3921467 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural microtubules typically include one A-lattice seam within an otherwise helically symmetric B-lattice tube. It is currently unclear how A-lattice seams influence microtubule dynamic instability. Here we find that including extra A-lattice seams in GMPCPP microtubules, structural analogues of the GTP caps of dynamic microtubules, destabilizes them, enhancing their median shrinkage rate by >20-fold. Dynamic microtubules nucleated by seeds containing extra A-lattice seams have growth rates similar to microtubules nucleated by B-lattice seeds, yet have increased catastrophe frequencies at both ends. Furthermore, binding B-lattice GDP microtubules to a rigor kinesin surface stabilizes them against shrinkage, whereas microtubules with extra A-lattice seams are stabilized only slightly. Our data suggest that introducing extra A-lattice seams into dynamic microtubules destabilizes them by destabilizing their GTP caps. On this basis, we propose that the single A-lattice seam of natural B-lattice MTs may act as a trigger point, and potentially a regulation point, for catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Katsuki
- 1] Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK [2]
| | - Douglas R Drummond
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert A Cross
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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14
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Tang EI, Mok KW, Lee WM, Cheng CY. EB1 regulates tubulin and actin cytoskeletal networks at the sertoli cell blood-testis barrier in male rats: an in vitro study. Endocrinology 2015; 156:680-93. [PMID: 25456071 PMCID: PMC4298315 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, developing germ cells are transported across the seminiferous epithelium. Studies propose that because microtubules (MTs) serve as the tracks for transporting cell organelles, they may also serve a similar function in the transport of developing germ cells. Polarized MTs may provide the tracks along which polarized actin microfilaments, which act as vehicles to transport cargo, such as preleptotene spermatocytes through the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and spermatids across the epithelium. Yet the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these events remain unknown. Using an established in vitro Sertoli cell system to study BTB function, we demonstrated herein that a MT regulatory protein end-binding protein 1 (EB1) regulates the MT- and also the actin-based cytoskeleton of the Sertoli cell BTB in the rat. EB1 serves as a coordinator between the two cytoskeletons by regulating MT polymerization and actin filament bundling to modulate germ cell transport at the Sertoli cell BTB. A knockdown of EB1 by RNA interference was found to perturb the tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier, as evidenced by mislocalization of junctional proteins critical for barrier function to facilitate spermatocyte transport, which was likely achieved by two coordinated events. First, EB1 knockdown resulted in changes in MT polymerization, thereby perturbing MT organization in Sertoli cells in which polarized MT no longer stretched properly across the cell cytosol to serve as the tracks. Second, EB1 knockdown perturbed actin organization via its effects on the branched actin polymerization-inducing protein called Arp3 (actin-related protein 3), perturbing microfilament bundling capability based on a biochemical assay, thereby causing microfilament truncation and misorganization, disrupting the function of the vehicle. This reduced actin microfilament bundling capability thus perturbed TJ-protein distribution and localization at the BTB, destabilizing the TJ barrier, leading to its remodeling to facilitate spermatocyte transport. In summary, EB1 provides a functional link between tubulin- and actin-based cytoskeletons to confer spermatocyte transport at the BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research (E.I.T., K.-W.M., C.Y.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Ferreira JG, Pereira AL, Maiato H. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins and their roles in cell division. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 309:59-140. [PMID: 24529722 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800255-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are cellular components that are required for a variety of essential processes such as cell motility, mitosis, and intracellular transport. This is possible because of the inherent dynamic properties of microtubules. Many of these properties are tightly regulated by a number of microtubule plus-end-binding proteins or +TIPs. These proteins recognize the distal end of microtubules and are thus in the right context to control microtubule dynamics. In this review, we address how microtubule dynamics are regulated by different +TIP families, focusing on how functionally diverse +TIPs spatially and temporally regulate microtubule dynamics during animal cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Pereira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Patel VP, Chu CT. Decreased SIRT2 activity leads to altered microtubule dynamics in oxidatively-stressed neuronal cells: implications for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2014; 257:170-81. [PMID: 24792244 PMCID: PMC4141566 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) system is important for many aspects of neuronal function, including motility, differentiation, and cargo trafficking. Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased oxidative stress and alterations in the integrity of the axodendritic tree. To study dynamic mechanisms underlying the neurite shortening phenotype observed in many PD models, we employed the well-characterized oxidative parkinsonian neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA). In both acute and chronic sub-lethal settings, 6OHDA-induced oxidative stress elicited significant alterations in MT dynamics, including reductions in MT growth rate, increased frequency of MT pauses/retractions, and increased levels of tubulin acetylation. Interestingly, 6OHDA decreased the activity of tubulin deacetylases, specifically sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), through more than one mechanism. Restoration of tubulin deacetylase function rescued the changes in MT dynamics and prevented neurite shortening in neuron-differentiated, 6OHDA-treated cells. These data indicate that impaired tubulin deacetylation contributes to altered MT dynamics in oxidatively-stressed cells, conferring key insights for potential therapeutic strategies to correct MT-related deficits contributing to neuronal aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Patel
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, 3550 Terrace St., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, 3550 Terrace St., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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17
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Prudent R, Vassal-Stermann É, Nguyen CH, Mollaret M, Viallet J, Desroches-Castan A, Martinez A, Barette C, Pillet C, Valdameri G, Soleilhac E, Di Pietro A, Feige JJ, Billaud M, Florent JC, Lafanechère L. Azaindole derivatives are inhibitors of microtubule dynamics, with anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:673-85. [PMID: 23004938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drugs targeting microtubules are commonly used for cancer treatment. However, the potency of microtubule inhibitors used clinically is limited by the emergence of resistance. We thus designed a strategy to find new cell-permeable microtubule-targeting agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using a cell-based assay designed to probe for microtubule polymerization status, we screened a chemical library and identified two azaindole derivatives, CM01 and CM02, as cell-permeable microtubule-depolymerizing agents. The mechanism of the anti-tumour effects of these two compounds was further investigated both in vivo and in vitro. KEY RESULTS CM01 and CM02 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and exerted potent cytostatic effects on several cancer cell lines including multidrug-resistant (MDR) cell lines. In vitro experiments revealed that the azaindole derivatives inhibited tubulin polymerization and competed with colchicines for this effect, strongly indicating that tubulin is the cellular target of these azaindole derivatives. In vivo experiments, using a chicken chorioallantoic xenograft tumour assay, established that these compounds exert a potent anti-tumour effect. Furthermore, an assay probing the growth of vessels out of endothelial cell spheroids showed that CM01 and CM02 exert anti-angiogenic activities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CM01 and CM02 are reversible microtubule-depolymerizing agents that exert potent cytostatic effects on human cancer cells of diverse origins, including MDR cells. They were also shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumour growth in chorioallantoic breast cancer xenografts. Hence, these azaindole derivatives are attractive candidates for further preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Prudent
- Institut Albert Bonniot, CRI INSERM/UJF U823, La Tronche Cedex, France
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18
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Zyss D, Ebrahimi H, Gergely F. Casein kinase I delta controls centrosome positioning during T cell activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 195:781-97. [PMID: 22123863 PMCID: PMC3257584 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CK1delta binds and phosphorylates the microtubule plus-end–binding protein
EB1 and promotes centrosome translocation to the immunological synapse in T
cells. Although termed central body, the centrosome is located off-center in many
polarized cells. T cell receptor (TCR) engagement by antigens induces a polarity
switch in T cells. This leads to the recruitment of the centrosome to the
immunological synapse (IS), a specialized cell–cell junction. Despite
much recent progress, how TCR signaling triggers centrosome repositioning
remains poorly understood. In this paper, we uncover a critical requirement for
the centrosomal casein kinase I delta (CKIδ) in centrosome translocation
to the IS. CKIδ binds and phosphorylates the microtubule
plus-end–binding protein EB1. Moreover, a putative EB1-binding motif at
the C terminus of CKIδ is required for centrosome translocation to the
IS. We find that depletion of CKIδ in T lymphocytes and inhibition of CKI
in epithelial cells reduce microtubule growth. Therefore, we propose that
CKIδ–EB1 complexes contribute to the increase in microtubule
growth speeds observed in polarized T cells, a mechanism that might serve to
generate long-stable microtubules necessary for centrosome translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Zyss
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England, UK
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19
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Ji XY, Feng XQ. Mechanochemical modeling of dynamic microtubule growth involving sheet-to-tube transition. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29049. [PMID: 22205994 PMCID: PMC3243706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics is largely influenced by nucleotide hydrolysis and the resultant tubulin configuration changes. The GTP cap model has been proposed to interpret the stabilizing mechanisms of microtubule growth from the view of hydrolysis effects. Besides, the growth of a microtubule involves the closure of a curved sheet at its growing end. The curvature conversion from the longitudinal direction to the circumferential direction also helps to stabilize the successive growth, and the curved sheet is referred to as the conformational cap. However, there still lacks theoretical investigation on the mechanical–chemical coupling growth process of microtubules. In this paper, we study the growth mechanisms of microtubules by using a coarse-grained molecular method. First, the closure process involving a sheet-to-tube transition is simulated. The results verify the stabilizing effect of the sheet structure and predict that the minimum conformational cap length that can stabilize the growth is two dimers. Then, we show that the conformational cap and the GTP cap can function independently and harmoniously, signifying the pivotal role of mechanical factors. Furthermore, based on our theoretical results, we describe a Tetris-like growth style of microtubules: the stochastic tubulin assembly is regulated by energy and harmonized with the seam zipping such that the sheet keeps a practically constant length during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Ji
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Daneshmand F, Ghavanloo E, Amabili M. Wave propagation in protein microtubules modeled as orthotropic elastic shells including transverse shear deformations. J Biomech 2011; 44:1960-6. [PMID: 21632054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Wave propagation along the microtubules is one of the issues of major concern in various microtubule cellular functions. In this study, the general wave propagation behavior in protein microtubules is investigated based on a first-order shear deformation shell theory for orthotropic materials, with particular emphasis on the role of strongly anisotropic elastic properties of microtubules. According to experimental observation, the first-order shear deformation theory is used for the modeling of microtubule walls. A general displacement representation is introduced and a type of coupled polynomial eigenvalue problem is developed. Numerical examples describe the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia on wave velocities in orthotropic microtubules. Finally, the influences of the microtubule shear modulus, axial external force, effective thickness and material temperature dependency on wave velocities along the microtubule protofilaments, helical pathway and radial directions are elucidated. Most results presented in the present investigation have been absent from the literature for the wave propagation in microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Daneshmand
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71348-51154, Iran.
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21
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Mittelmeier TM, Boyd JS, Lamb MR, Dieckmann CL. Asymmetric properties of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cytoskeleton direct rhodopsin photoreceptor localization. J Cell Biol 2011; 193:741-53. [PMID: 21555459 PMCID: PMC3166873 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201009131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eyespot of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a photoreceptive organelle required for phototaxis. Relative to the anterior flagella, the eyespot is asymmetrically positioned adjacent to the daughter four-membered rootlet (D4), a unique bundle of acetylated microtubules extending from the daughter basal body toward the posterior of the cell. Here, we detail the relationship between the rhodopsin eyespot photoreceptor Channelrhodopsin 1 (ChR1) and acetylated microtubules. In wild-type cells, ChR1 was observed in an equatorial patch adjacent to D4 near the end of the acetylated microtubules and along the D4 rootlet. In cells with cytoskeletal protein mutations, supernumerary ChR1 patches remained adjacent to acetylated microtubules. In mlt1 (multieyed) mutant cells, supernumerary photoreceptor patches were not restricted to the D4 rootlet, and more anterior eyespots correlated with shorter acetylated microtubule rootlets. The data suggest a model in which photoreceptor localization is dependent on microtubule-based trafficking selective for the D4 rootlet, which is perturbed in mlt1 mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telsa M. Mittelmeier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Joseph S. Boyd
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Mary Rose Lamb
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416
| | - Carol L. Dieckmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akhmanova
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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