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Qiu X, Huang YX, Yuan J, Zu XD, Zhou YL, Li R, Wu ZK, Xiao WL, Zheng CB, Li XL. Strophioblachins A-K, Structurally Intriguing Diterpenoids from Strophioblachia fimbricalyx with Potential Anticardiac Hypertrophic Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1211-1221. [PMID: 37079749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three new rearranged diterpenoids, strophioblachins A-C (1-3), eight new diterpenoids, strophioblachins D-K (4-11), and seven previously described diterpenoids (12-18) were purified from the aerial parts of Strophioblachia fimbricalyx. Compounds 1 and 2 contain a rare 6/6/5/6 ring system, while 3 has an uncommon tricyclo[4.4.0.08,9]tridecane-bridged unit, and their diterpenoid skeletons are being reported for the first time. Utilizing spectroscopic and HRESIMS data analysis, the structures of the new compounds (1-11) were established, and ECD and 13C NMR calculations were used to confirm the relative and absolute configurations of 11 and 9. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 3, and 10 were established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of testing for anticardiac hypertrophic activity demonstrated that compounds 10 and 15 dose-dependently lowered the mRNA expression of Nppa and Nppb. Protein levels were confirmed by Western blotting, which also demonstrated that compounds 10 and 15 lowered the expression of the hypertrophic marker ANP. The cytotoxic activity against neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was assayed in vitro by the CCK-8 and ELISA methods, and the results showed that compounds 10 and 15 were only very weakly active in the range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xiang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Dan Zu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
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Toussaint B, Hillaireau H, Cailleau C, Ambroise Y, Fattal E. Stability, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution in mice of the EPAC1 inhibitor (R)-CE3F4 entrapped in liposomes and lipid nanocapsules. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121213. [PMID: 34678397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
(R)-CE3F4, a specific inhibitor of EPAC1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP type 1), has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo to reduce hypertrophic signaling contributing to heart failure or to control arrhythmia and has shown promise as a drug candidate. However, (R)-CE3F4 exhibits poor solubility in aqueous media and has shown sensitivity to enzyme hydrolysis in plasma. To overcome these issues, the drug was entrapped in liposomes and lipid nanocapsules. Both systems considerably increased the drug apparent solubility in aqueous media. Among these nanocarriers, lipid nanocapsules offered significant protection in vitro against enzymatic degradation by increasing the (R)-CE3F4 apparent half-life from around 40 min to 6 h. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of (R)-CE3F4 radiolabeled or not were studied in healthy C57BL/6 mice. The non-encapsulated 3H-CE3F4 showed a very rapid distribution outside the blood compartment. Similar results were observed when using nanocarriers together with a fast dissociation of 3H-CE3F4 from nanocapsules simultaneously labeled with 14C. Thus, essential preclinical information on CE3F4 fate has been obtained, as well as the impact of its formulation using lipid-based nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balthazar Toussaint
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Département de Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Équipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yves Ambroise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic-Joliot, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Toussaint B, Hillaireau H, Jaccoulet E, Cailleau C, Legrand P, Ambroise Y, Fattal E. Interspecies comparison of plasma metabolism and sample stabilization for quantitative bioanalyses: Application to (R)-CE3F4 in preclinical development, including metabolite identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1183:122943. [PMID: 34666890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The CE3F4 is an inhibitor of the type 1 exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC1), which is involved in numerous signaling pathways. The inhibition of EPAC1 shows promising results in vitro and in vivo in different cardiac pathological situations like hypertrophic signaling, contributing to heart failure, or arrhythmia. An HPLC-UV method with a simple and fast sample treatment allowed the quantification of (R)-CE3F4. Sample treatment consisted of simple protein precipitation with 50 µL of ethanol and 150 µL of acetonitrile for a 50 µL biological sample. Two wavelengths were used according to the origin of plasma (220 or 250 nm for human samples and 250 nm for murine samples). Accuracy profile was evaluated for both wavelengths, and the method was in agreement with the criteria given by the EMA in the guideline for bioanalytical method validation for human and mouse plasma samples. The run time was 12 min allowing the detection of the (R)-CE3F4 and a metabolite. This study further permitted understanding the behavior of CE3F4 in plasma by highlighting an important difference between humans and rodents on plasma metabolism and may impact future in vivo studies related to this molecule and translation of results between animal models and humans. Using paraoxon as a metabolism inhibitor was crucial for the stabilization of (R)-CE3F4 in murine samples. HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS studies were conducted to confirm metabolite structure and consequently, the main metabolic pathway in murine plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balthazar Toussaint
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Département de Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Équipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Emmanuel Jaccoulet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Service Pharmacie (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pauline Legrand
- Département de Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Équipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1022, Paris, France
| | - Yves Ambroise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Vianello E, Dozio E, Bandera F, Froldi M, Micaglio E, Lamont J, Tacchini L, Schmitz G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Correlative Study on Impaired Prostaglandin E2 Regulation in Epicardial Adipose Tissue and its Role in Maladaptive Cardiac Remodeling via EPAC2 and ST2 Signaling in Overweight Cardiovascular Disease Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020520. [PMID: 31947646 PMCID: PMC7014202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is recent evidence that the dysfunctional responses of a peculiar visceral fat deposit known as epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) can directly promote cardiac enlargement in the case of obesity. Here, we observed a newer molecular pattern associated with LV dysfunction mediated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) deregulation in EAT in a cardiovascular disease (CVD) population. A series of 33 overweight CVD males were enrolled and their EAT thickness, LV mass, and volumes were measured by echocardiography. Blood, plasma, EAT, and SAT biopsies were collected for molecular and proteomic assays. Our data show that PGE2 biosynthetic enzyme (PTGES-2) correlates with echocardiographic parameters of LV enlargement: LV diameters, LV end diastolic volume, and LV masses. Moreover, PTGES-2 is directly associated with EPAC2 gene (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001), known as a molecular inducer of ST2/IL-33 mediators involved in maladaptive heart remodelling. Furthermore, PGE2 receptor 3 (PTEGER3) results are downregulated and its expression is inversely associated with ST2/IL-33 expression. Contrarily, PGE2 receptor 4 (PTGER4) is upregulated in EAT and directly correlates with ST2 molecular expression. Our data suggest that excessive body fatness can shift the EAT transcriptome to a pro-tissue remodelling profile, may be driven by PGE2 deregulation, with consequent promotion of EPAC2 and ST2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (F.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50315342
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (F.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Francesco Bandera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (F.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Cardiology University Department, Heart Failure Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Froldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Internal Medicine Unit IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- U.O.C. SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - John Lamont
- Randox Laboratories LTD, R&D, Crumlin-Antrim, Belfast, BT29, Northen Ireland, UK
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (F.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (F.B.); (L.T.); (M.M.C.R.)
- U.O.C. SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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Laudette M, Zuo H, Lezoualc'h F, Schmidt M. Epac Function and cAMP Scaffolds in the Heart and Lung. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010009. [PMID: 29401660 PMCID: PMC5872357 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence collected over the last ten years indicates that Epac and cAMP scaffold proteins play a critical role in integrating and transducing multiple signaling pathways at the basis of cardiac and lung physiopathology. Some of the deleterious effects of Epac, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and arrhythmia, initially described in vitro, have been confirmed in genetically modified mice for Epac1 and Epac2. Similar recent findings have been collected in the lung. The following sections will describe how Epac and cAMP signalosomes in different subcellular compartments may contribute to cardiac and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Laudette
- Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Haoxiao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Lezoualc'h F, Fazal L, Laudette M, Conte C. Cyclic AMP Sensor EPAC Proteins and Their Role in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Circ Res 2016; 118:881-97. [PMID: 26941424 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
cAMP is a universal second messenger that plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation influencing gene expression, cell morphology, and function. A crucial step toward a better understanding of cAMP signaling came 18 years ago with the discovery of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). The 2 EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2, are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for the Ras-like GTPases, Rap1 and Rap2, which they activate independently of the classical effector of cAMP, protein kinase A. With the development of EPAC pharmacological modulators, many reports in the literature have demonstrated the critical role of EPAC in the regulation of various cAMP-dependent cardiovascular functions, such as calcium handling and vascular tone. EPAC proteins are coupled to a multitude of effectors into distinct subcellular compartments because of their multidomain architecture. These novel cAMP sensors are not only at the crossroads of different physiological processes but also may represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of several cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lezoualc'h
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.).
| | - Loubina Fazal
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
| | - Marion Laudette
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
| | - Caroline Conte
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
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Sainte-Marie Y, Bisserier M, Tortosa F, Lezoualc'h F. [Molecular determinants of pathological cardiac remodeling: the examples of Epac and Carabin]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:881-8. [PMID: 26481027 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise or hypertension requires that the heart increases its hemodynamic work. However, this adaptation is based on distinct cardiac remodelling according to the physiological or pathological origin of the stress. As shown here with two examples, understanding the molecular events leading to cardiac remodeling may offer new opportunities for the development of therapies for heart failure. The recently described Epac1 protein is an effector of the second messenger cAMP. Following a pathological stress, the cAMP-binding protein Epac1 induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as alteration of calcium cycling suggesting that Epac1 pharmacological inhibition may be of therapeutic value. Furthermore, the protein carabin is an important regulator of several effectors of pathological cardiac remodelling. Experimental manipulation of carabin expression profoundly alters the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Sainte-Marie
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Tortosa
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm, UMR-1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, 1, avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, F-31342 Toulouse Cedex 4, France - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
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Banerjee U, Cheng X. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP encoded by the mammalian rapgef3 gene: Structure, function and therapeutics. Gene 2015; 570:157-67. [PMID: 26119090 PMCID: PMC4556420 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian exchange protein directly activated by cAMP isoform 1 (EPAC1), encoded by the RAPGEF3 gene, is one of the two-membered family of cAMP sensors that mediate the intracellular functions of cAMP by acting as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Ras-like Rap small GTPases. Extensive studies have revealed that EPAC1-mediated cAMP signaling is highly coordinated spatiotemporally through the formation of dynamic signalosomes by interacting with a diverse array of cellular partners. Recent functional analyses of genetically engineered mouse models further suggest that EPAC1 functions as an important stress response switch and is involved in pathophysiological conditions of cardiac stresses, chronic pain, cancer and infectious diseases. These findings, coupled with the development of EPAC specific small molecule modulators, validate EPAC1 as a promising target for therapeutic interventions. Human gene RAPGEF3 encodes for EPAC1 protein. Along with PKA, CNG & HCN, EPAC is an important cAMP sensor. Selective modulators of EPAC1 have been developed for use as pharmacological probes. Formation of EPAC1 signalosomes allows spatiotemporal control of cAMP signaling. EPAC1 is implicated in major pathophysiological conditions and is an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Banerjee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Abstract
3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger, which plays an important role in the heart. It is generated in response to activation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Initially, it was thought that protein kinase A (PKA) exclusively mediates cAMP-induced cellular responses such as an increase in cardiac contractility, relaxation, and heart rate. With the identification of the exchange factor directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) and hyperpolarizing cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels as cAMP effector proteins it became clear that a protein network is involved in cAMP signaling. The Popeye domain containing (Popdc) genes encode yet another family of cAMP-binding proteins, which are prominently expressed in the heart. Loss-of-function mutations in mice are associated with cardiac arrhythmia and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Interestingly, the cardiac phenotype, which is present in both, Popdc1 and Popdc2 null mutants, is characterized by a stress-induced sinus bradycardia, suggesting that Popdc proteins participate in cAMP signaling in the sinuatrial node. The identification of the two-pore channel TREK-1 and Caveolin 3 as Popdc-interacting proteins represents a first step into understanding the mechanisms of heart rate modulation triggered by Popdc proteins.
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