1
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Farrelly MD, Zhai J, Tiong AYJ, van 't Hag L, Yu HH, Li J, Martin LL, Thang SH. Membrane interaction and selectivity of novel alternating cationic lipid-nanodisc assembling polymers. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5955-5969. [PMID: 37477383 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00477e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymer nanodiscs are self-assembled structures formed from amphipathic copolymers encapsulating membrane proteins and surrounding phospholipids into water soluble discs. These nanostructures have served as an analytical tool for the detergent free solubilisation and structural study of membrane proteins (MPs) in their native lipid environment. We established the polymer-lipid nanodisc forming ability of a novel class of amphipathic copolymer comprised of an alternating sequence of N-alkyl functionalised maleimide (AlkylM) of systematically varied hydrocarbon chain length, and cationic N-methyl-4-vinyl pyridinium iodide (MVP). Using a combination of physicochemical techniques, the solubilisation efficiency, size, structure and shape of DMPC lipid containing poly(MVP-co-AlkylM) nanodiscs were determined. Lipid solubilisation increased with AlkylM hydrocarbon chain length from methyl (MM), ethyl (EtM), n-propyl (PM), iso-butyl (IBM) through to n-butyl (BM) maleimide bearing polymers. More hydrophobic derivatives formed smaller sized nanodiscs and lipid ordering within poly(MVP-co-AlkylM) nanodiscs was affected by nanodisc size. In dye-release assays, shorter N-alkyl substituted polymers, particularly poly(MVP-co-EtM), exhibited low activities against eukaryotic mimetic POPC membrane and increased their liposome disruption as POPC : POPG membrane mixtures increased in their anionic POPG component, resembling the charge profile of bacterial membranes. These trends in membrane selectivity were transferred towards native cell systems in which gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Acenobacter baumannii bacterial strains were relatively susceptible to disruption by hydrophobic n-butyl- and n-propyl-poly(MVP-co-AlkylM) derivatives compared to human red blood cells (HRBCs), with a more pronounced selectivity resulting from poly(MVP-co-PM). Such selective membrane interaction by less hydrophobic polymers provides a framework for polymer design towards applications including selective membrane component solubilisation, biosensing and antimicrobial development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alice Y J Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Leonie van 't Hag
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Heidi H Yu
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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2
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Cao Y, Fang J, Shi Y, Wang H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Cao Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Screening potential P-glycoprotein inhibitors by combination of a detergent-free membrane protein extraction with surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3113-3123. [PMID: 35865104 PMCID: PMC9293711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310057, China
| | - Jiahao Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 81871269 (Zhanying Hong), Tel/fax: +86 21 81871331 (Yan Cao).
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 81871269 (Zhanying Hong), Tel/fax: +86 21 81871331 (Yan Cao).
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Farrelly MD, Martin LL, Thang SH. Polymer Nanodiscs and Their Bioanalytical Potential. Chemistry 2021; 27:12922-12939. [PMID: 34180107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) play a pivotal role in cellular function and are therefore predominant pharmaceutical targets. Although detailed understanding of MP structure and mechanistic activity is invaluable for rational drug design, challenges are associated with the purification and study of MPs. This review delves into the historical developments that became the prelude to currently available membrane mimetic technologies before shining a spotlight on polymer nanodiscs. These are soluble nanosized particles capable of encompassing MPs embedded in a phospholipid ring. The expanding range of reported amphipathic polymer nanodisc materials is presented and discussed in terms of their tolerance to different solution conditions and their nanodisc properties. Finally, the analytical scope of polymer nanodiscs is considered in both the demonstration of basic nanodisc parameters as well as in the elucidation of structures, lipid-protein interactions, and the functional mechanisms of reconstituted membrane proteins. The final emphasis is given to the unique benefits and applications demonstrated for native nanodiscs accessed through a detergent free process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Vic, Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Vic, Australia
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4
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Current problems and future avenues in proteoliposome research. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1473-1492. [PMID: 32830854 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are the gatekeepers between different biological compartments separated by lipid bilayers. Being receptors, channels, transporters, or primary pumps, they fulfill a wide variety of cellular functions and their importance is reflected in the increasing number of drugs that target MPs. Functional studies of MPs within a native cellular context, however, is difficult due to the innate complexity of the densely packed membranes. Over the past decades, detergent-based extraction and purification of MPs and their reconstitution into lipid mimetic systems has been a very powerful tool to simplify the experimental system. In this review, we focus on proteoliposomes that have become an indispensable experimental system for enzymes with a vectorial function, including many of the here described energy transducing MPs. We first address long standing questions on the difficulty of successful reconstitution and controlled orientation of MPs into liposomes. A special emphasis is given on coreconstitution of several MPs into the same bilayer. Second, we discuss recent progress in the development of fluorescent dyes that offer sensitive detection with high temporal resolution. Finally, we briefly cover the use of giant unilamellar vesicles for the investigation of complex enzymatic cascades, a very promising experimental tool considering our increasing knowledge of the interplay of different cellular components.
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Bjørnestad V, Orwick-Rydmark M, Lund R. Understanding the Structural Pathways for Lipid Nanodisc Formation: How Styrene Maleic Acid Copolymers Induce Membrane Fracture and Disc Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6178-6188. [PMID: 33979520 PMCID: PMC8280715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanodiscs formed by mixtures of styrene maleic acid (SMA) copolymers and lipid membranes are important tools for studying membrane proteins in many biotechnological applications. However, molecular interactions leading up to their formation are not well understood. Here, we elucidate the nanodisc formation pathways for SMA/lipid vesicle mixtures using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) that allows detailed in situ nanostructural information. SMA copolymer that is initially aggregated in solution inserts its styrene units into the lipid bilayer hydrocarbon region, leading to fractures in the membrane. The initial copolymer-lipid interactions observed in the vesicles are also present in the formed discs, with excess copolymer distributed along the normal of the bilayer. The size and SMA distribution in the resulting discs strongly depend on the temperature, lipid/copolymer ratio, and lipid type. We find that the solubilization limit increases for membranes above the melting point, suggesting that defects in gel-like lipid membranes play a significant role in membrane fracturing and nanodisc formation. These findings provide unique insights into the formation of nanodiscs as well as into the microscopic mechanism of solubilization, which plays an important role in many applications and products ranging from household goods to biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælandsvei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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6
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Tedesco D, Maj M, Malarczyk P, Cingolani A, Zaffagnini M, Wnorowski A, Czapiński J, Benelli T, Mazzoni R, Bartolini M, Jóźwiak K. Application of the SMALP technology to the isolation of GPCRs from low-yielding cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183641. [PMID: 33984320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of styrene-maleic acid (SMAc) co-polymers to spontaneously insert into biological membranes can be exploited to extract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) embedded in styrene-maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), preserving the native environment around the protein and thus enhancing the feasibility of functional studies. So far, the SMALP technology has been primarily employed on non-mammalian cells and protocols are not optimized for adherent human cell lines, which cannot be harvested in large amounts. In this work, a fine investigation of key parameters affecting the formation of SMALPs was undertaken with the purpose of maximizing the yield of extraction of a recombinant form of human β2-adrenergic receptor (rhβ2AR) from HEK293T cells. The study highlighted an important influence of ionic strength on the membrane solubilization efficiency and GPCR purification yield of SMAc co-polymers: by lowering the salt concentration of all buffers used in previously published SMALP protocols, the water solubility and extraction efficiency of the selected SMAc co-polymer (commercially supplied as a potassium salt) were enhanced. In-line combination of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) allowed further improvement of the final rhβ2AR yield by reducing the loss of SMALP-embedded GPCRs during the fractionation and purification of SMALPs. The overall findings of this study show that the available SMALP protocols can be significantly optimized in several aspects in order to increase the efficiency of GPCR solubilization and isolation from low-yielding expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, Bologna, Italy; Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Center (ISOF-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Malarczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrea Cingolani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 1, Lublin, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ulica Żwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tiziana Benelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland.
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Taguchi S, Suga H. Targeting of extracellular protein-protein interactions with macrocyclic peptides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 62:82-89. [PMID: 33774472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of extracellular protein-protein interactions (PPI) is emerging as a major application for de novo discovered macrocyclic peptides. Modern discovery platforms can routinely identify macrocyclic peptide ligands capable of highly selective modulation of extracellular signaling pathways; amenability to chemical synthesis and natural modularity of peptides additionally provides an avenue for their further structural elaboration, while the challenge of cell internalization can be minimized. Here, we discuss the recent progress in targeting extracellular PPIs with macrocyclic peptides by focusing on a number of recent case studies. We analyze the scope and potential limitations of the discovery systems in identifying functional macrocyclic ligands. We also highlight the recent technical advancements allowing for a more streamlined discovery pipeline and our brief perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Taguchi
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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8
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Di Mauro GM, La Rosa C, Condorelli M, Ramamoorthy A. Benchmarks of SMA-Copolymer Derivatives and Nanodisc Integrity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3113-3121. [PMID: 33645999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) or SMA and its derivatives, a family of synthetic amphipathic copolymers, are increasingly used to directly solubilize cell membranes to functionally reconstitute membrane proteins in native-like copolymer-lipid nanodiscs. Although these copolymers act, de facto, like a "macromolecular detergent", the polymer-based lipid-nanodiscs has been demonstrated to be an excellent membrane mimetic for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins and their complexes by a variety of biophysical and biochemical approaches. In many studies reported in the literature, the choice of the right SMA formulation can depend on a number of factors, and the experimental conditions are typically developed according to a trial-and-error process since each studied system requires adapted protocols. While increasing number of nanodisc-forming copolymers are reported to be useful and they provide flexibilities in optimizing the sample preparation conditions, it is important to develop a systematic protocol that can be used for various applications. In this context, there is a vital necessity of benchmarking the performances of existing copolymer formulations, assessing crucial parameters for the successful extraction, isolation, and stabilization of membrane proteins. In this study, we compare both copolymers and copolymer-lipid nanodiscs obtained by SMA-EA with a set of anionic XIRAN copolymer formulations commercially available under the names of SL25010 P, SL30010 P, and SL40005 P. The reported results show how the critical micellar concentration (c.m.c.) of each copolymer is significantly altered in the presence of lipids and confirms the existence of an equilibrium between nanodisc-bound and "free" or "micellar" copolymer chains in the solution. We believe that these findings can be exploited to optimize studies that involve the necessity of special copolymers, which would not only simplify the applications but also broaden the scope of polymer-based nanodiscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo M Di Mauro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | | | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
- Biophysics and Chemistry Department, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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9
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Bello G, Cavallini F, Dailey LA, Ehmoser EK. Supported polymer/lipid hybrid bilayers formation resembles a lipid-like dynamic by reducing the molecular weight of the polymer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183472. [PMID: 32941874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers form self-assembled bilayers even in combination with phospholipids. They represent an attractive alternative to native lipid-based membrane systems for supported bilayer formation with applications in biomedical research, sensoring and drug delivery. Their enhanced stability and excellent mechanical properties are linked to their higher molecular weight which generates thicker bilayers. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that reducing the molecular weight of the polymer facilitates the formation of a thinner, more homogeneous polymer/lipid hybrid bilayer which would benefit the formation of supported bilayers on silicon oxide. Experiment: We investigated hybrid bilayers composed of mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine and increasing amounts of a low molecular weight polybutadiene-b-polyethylene oxide copolymer (1050 g/mol). By assessing the bilayer thickness and the molecular packing behavior we sought to demonstrate how reducing the polymer molecular weight increases the tendency to form supported hybrid bilayers in a lipid-like manner. Findings: The formation of a supported hybrid bilayers occurs at polymer contents <70 mol% in a lipid-like fashion and is proportional to the cohesive forces between the bilayer components and inversely related to the bilayer hydrophobic core thickness and the extended brush regime of the PEGylated polymeric headgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francesca Cavallini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Cà Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, (Italy)
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Science (BOKU), Muthgasse 11/2 OG, 1190 Vienna, (Austria).
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10
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Marconnet A, Michon B, Le Bon C, Giusti F, Tribet C, Zoonens M. Solubilization and Stabilization of Membrane Proteins by Cycloalkane-Modified Amphiphilic Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3459-3467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Marconnet
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Michon
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Giusti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tribet
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le Développement de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
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11
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Hall SCL, Clifton LA, Tognoloni C, Morrison KA, Knowles TJ, Kinane CJ, Dafforn TR, Edler KJ, Arnold T. Adsorption of a styrene maleic acid (SMA) copolymer-stabilized phospholipid nanodisc on a solid-supported planar lipid bilayer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:272-284. [PMID: 32330753 PMCID: PMC7276985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a rapid development of membrane-mimetic systems to encapsulate and stabilize planar segments of phospholipid bilayers in solution. One such system has been the use of amphipathic copolymers to solubilize lipid bilayers into nanodiscs. The attractiveness of this system, in part, stems from the capability of these polymers to solubilize membrane proteins directly from the host cell membrane. The assumption has been that the native lipid annulus remains intact, with nanodiscs providing a snapshot of the lipid environment. Recent studies have provided evidence that phospholipids can exchange from the nanodiscs with either lipids at interfaces, or with other nanodiscs in bulk solution. Here we investigate kinetics of lipid exchange between three recently studied polymer-stabilized nanodiscs and supported lipid bilayers at the silicon-water interface. We show that lipid and polymer exchange occurs in all nanodiscs tested, although the rate and extent differs between different nanodisc types. Furthermore, we observe adsorption of nanodiscs to the supported lipid bilayer for one nanodisc system which used a polymer made using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These results have important implications in applications of polymer-stabilized nanodiscs, such as in the fabrication of solid-supported films containing membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C L Hall
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 ODE, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Cecilia Tognoloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kerrie A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Timothy J Knowles
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian J Kinane
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Tim R Dafforn
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 ODE, UK; ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Ravula T, Kim J, Lee DK, Ramamoorthy A. Magnetic Alignment of Polymer Nanodiscs Probed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1258-1265. [PMID: 31961695 PMCID: PMC7414804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of amphipathic polymers to self-assemble with lipids and form nanodiscs has been a boon for the field of functional reconstitution of membrane proteins. In a field dominated by detergent micelles, a unique feature of polymer nanodiscs is their much-desired ability to align in the presence of an external magnetic field. Magnetic alignment facilitates the application of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and aids in the measurement of residual dipolar couplings via well-established solution NMR spectroscopy. In this study, we comprehensively investigate the magnetic alignment properties of styrene maleimide quaternary ammonium (SMA-QA) polymer-based nanodiscs by using 31P and 14N solid-state NMR experiments under static conditions. The results reported herein demonstrate the spontaneous magnetic alignment of large-sized (≥20 nm diameter) SMA-QA nanodiscs (also called as macro-nanodiscs) with the lipid bilayer normal perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. Consequently, the orientation of macro-nanodiscs is further shown to flip the alignment axis parallel to the magnetic field direction upon the addition of a paramagnetic lanthanide salt. These results demonstrate the use of SMA-QA polymer nanodiscs for solid-state NMR applications including structural studies on membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - JaeWoong Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry , Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul 01811 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kuk Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry , Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul 01811 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
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13
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Liu J, Zhu L, Zhang X, Wu B, Zhu P, Zhao H, Wang J. Peptide-based NTA(Ni)-nanodiscs for studying membrane enhanced FGFR1 kinase activities. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7234. [PMID: 31372315 PMCID: PMC6659669 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine autophosphorylation plays a crucial regulatory role in the kinase activities of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), and in the recruitment and activation of downstream intracellular signaling pathways. Biophysical and biochemical investigations of FGFR kinase domains in membrane environments offer key insights into phosphorylation mechanisms. Hence, we constructed nickel chelating nanodiscs based on a 22-residue peptide. The spontaneous anchoring of N-terminal His6-tagged FGFR1c kinase domain (FGFR1K) onto peptide nanodiscs grants FGFR1K orientations occurring on native plasma membranes. Following membrane incorporation, the autophosphorylation of FGFR1K, as exemplified by Y653 and Y654 in the A-loop and the total tyrosine phosphorylation, increase significantly. This in vitro reconstitution system may be applicable to studies of other membrane associated phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Bada Juarez JF, Harper AJ, Judge PJ, Tonge SR, Watts A. From polymer chemistry to structural biology: The development of SMA and related amphipathic polymers for membrane protein extraction and solubilisation. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:167-175. [PMID: 30940445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles assembled with poly(styrene-maleic acid) copolymers, identified in the literature as Lipodisq, SMALPs or Native Nanodisc, are routinely used as membrane mimetics to stabilise protein structures in their native conformation. To date, transmembrane proteins of varying complexity (up to 8 beta strands or 48 alpha helices) and of a range of molecular weights (from 27 kDa up to 500 kDa) have been incorporated into this particle system for structural and functional studies. SMA and related amphipathic polymers have become versatile components of the biochemist's tool kit for the stabilisation, extraction and structural characterization of membrane proteins by techniques including cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. Lipodisq formation does not require the use of conventional detergents and thus avoids their associated detrimental consequences. Here the development of this technology, from its fundamental concept and design to the diverse range of experimental methodologies to which it can now be applied, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Harper
- Malvern Cosmeceutics Ltd, Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, WR14 3SZ, UK
| | - Peter J Judge
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stephen R Tonge
- Malvern Cosmeceutics Ltd, Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, WR14 3SZ, UK
| | - Anthony Watts
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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15
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Ravula T, Hardin NZ, Ramamoorthy A. Polymer nanodiscs: Advantages and limitations. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 219:45-49. [PMID: 30707909 PMCID: PMC6497063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the development of membrane mimetics to study the structure, dynamics and function of membrane proteins. Polymer nanodiscs have been useful as a membrane mimetic by not only providing a native-like membrane environment, but also have the ability to extract the desired membrane protein directly from the cell membrane. In spite of such great potential, polymer nanodiscs have their disadvantages including lack of size control and instability at low pH and with divalent metals. In this review, we discuss how these limitations have been overcome by simple modifications of synthetic polymers commonly used to form nanodiscs. Recently, size control has been achieved using an ethanolamine functionalization of a low molecular weight polymer. This size control enabled the use of polymer-based lipid-nanodiscs in solution NMR and macro-nanodiscs in solid-state NMR applications. The introduction of quaternary ammonium functional groups has been shown to improve the stability in the presence of low pH and divalent metal ions, forming highly monodispersed nanodiscs. The polymer charge has been shown to play a significant role on the reconstitution of membrane proteins due to the high charge density on the nanodisc's belt. These recent developments have expanded the applications of polymer nanodiscs to study the membrane proteins using wide variety of techniques including NMR, Cryo-EM and other biophysical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Nathaniel Z Hardin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA; Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Numerous biosynthetic pathways have been shown to assemble at the surface of cellular membranes into efficient dynamic supramolecular assemblies termed metabolons. In response to environmental stimuli, metabolons assemble on-demand making them highly dynamic and fragile. This transient nature has previously hampered isolation and molecular characterization of dynamic metabolons. In contrast to conventional detergents, which tend to disrupt weak protein-protein interactions and remove lipids, the competence of a styrene maleic acid copolymer to carve out discrete lipid nanodisc from membranes offers immense potential for isolation of intact protein assemblies. Here, we present a method to extract the entire membrane-bound dhurrin pathway directly from microsomal fractions of the cereal Sorghum bicolor. This detergent-free nanodisc approach may be generally transposed for isolation of entire plant biosynthetic metabolons. This method provides a simple practical toolkit for the study of membrane protein complexes.
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17
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Ravula T, Hardin NZ, Di Mauro GM, Ramamoorthy A. Styrene maleic acid derivates to enhance the applications of bio-inspired polymer based lipid-nanodiscs. Eur Polym J 2018; 108:597-602. [PMID: 31105326 PMCID: PMC6516473 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane mimetics are essential to study the structure, dynamics and function of membrane-associated proteins by biophysical and biochemical approaches. Among various membrane mimetics that have been developed and demonstrated for studies on membrane proteins, lipid nanodiscs are the latest developments in the field and are increasingly used for various applications. While lipid-nanodiscs can be formed using an amphipathic membrane scaffold protein (MSP), peptide, or synthetic polymer, the synthetic polymer based nanodiscs exhibit unique advantages because of the ability to functionalize them for various applications. In addition to the use of synthetic polymers to extract membrane proteins directly from the cell membranes, recent advances in the development of polymers used for nanodiscs formation are attracting new attention to the field of nanodiscs technology. Here we review the developments of novel polymer modifications that overcome the current limitations and enhance the applications of polymer based nanodiscs to a wider variety of biophysical techniques used to study membrane proteins. A summary of the functionalization of poly(Styrene-co-Maleic Acid), SMA, polymers developed by our research and their advantages are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Nathaniel. Z Hardin
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Giacomo M. Di Mauro
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program and Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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18
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Calabrese AN, Radford SE. Mass spectrometry-enabled structural biology of membrane proteins. Methods 2018; 147:187-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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19
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Puvanendran D, Cece Q, Picard M. Reconstitution of the activity of RND efflux pumps: a “bottom-up” approach. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:442-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Hall SCL, Tognoloni C, Price GJ, Klumperman B, Edler KJ, Dafforn TR, Arnold T. Influence of Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) Copolymer Structure on the Properties and Self-Assembly of SMALP Nanodiscs. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:761-772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. L. Hall
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 ODE, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Tognoloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Division of Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, De Beers Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Tim R. Dafforn
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 ODE, United Kingdom
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21
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Hu Z, Ho JC, Nallani M. Synthetic (polymer) biology (membrane): functionalization of polymer scaffolds for membrane proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 46:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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