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Zagubnaya OA, Nartsissov YR. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF VITAMIN B6. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-6-500-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms that determine the possibility of using vitamin B6 in clinical practice for the correction of various pathological conditions.Materials and methods. Information retrieval (Scopus, PubMed) and library (eLibrary) databases were used as research tools. In some cases, the ResearchGate application was used for a semantic search. The analysis and generalization of the scientific literature on the topic of research, covering the period from 1989 to the present, has been carried out in the work.Results. It has been shown that all chemical forms of vitamin B6 are able to penetrate the membranes of most cells by free diffusion, while forming phosphorylated forms inside. Pyridoxal phosphate is a biologically important metabolite that is directly involved as a cofactor in a variety of intracellular reactions. Requirements for this cofactor depend on the age, sex and condition of the patient. Pregnancy and lactation play a special role in the consumption of vitamin B6. In most cases, a balanced diet will provide an acceptable level of this vitamin. At the same time, its deficiency leads to the development of a number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammations and diabetes. Negative manifestations from the central nervous system are also possible with an excessive consumption of B6.Conclusion. Replenishment of the vitamin B6 level in case of its identified deficiency is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of the central nervous system diseases, diabetes and correction of patients’ immune status. At the same time, it is necessary to observe a balanced intake of this cofactor in order to avoid negative effects on metabolism in case of its excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Zagubnaya
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
| | - Y. R. Nartsissov
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
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Nartsissov YR. Application of a multicomponent model of convectional reaction-diffusion to description of glucose gradients in a neurovascular unit. Front Physiol 2022; 13:843473. [PMID: 36072843 PMCID: PMC9444140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.843473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A supply of glucose to a nervous tissue is fulfilled by a cerebrovascular network, and further diffusion is known to occur at both an arteriolar and a microvascular level. Despite a direct relation, a blood flow dynamic and reaction-diffusion of metabolites are usually considered separately in the mathematical models. In the present study they are coupled in a multiphysical approach which allows to evaluate the effects of capillary blood flow changes on near-vessels nutrient concentration gradients evidently. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was described by the non-steady-state Navier-Stokes equations for a non-Newtonian fluid whose constitutive law is given by the Carreau model. A three-level organization of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is modelled by the flux dysconnectivity functions including densities and kinetic properties of glucose transporters. The velocity of a fluid flow in brain extracellular space (ECS) was estimated using Darcy’s law. The equations of reaction-diffusion with convection based on a generated flow field for continues and porous media were used to describe spatial-time gradients of glucose in the capillary lumen and brain parenchyma of a neurovascular unit (NVU), respectively. Changes in CBF were directly simulated using smoothing step-like functions altering the difference of intracapillary pressure in time. The changes of CBF cover both the decrease (on 70%) and the increase (on 50%) in a capillary flow velocity. Analyzing the dynamics of glucose gradients, it was shown that a rapid decrease of a capillary blood flow yields an enhanced level of glucose in a near-capillary nervous tissue if the contacts between astrocytes end-feet are not tight. Under the increased CBF velocities the amplitude of glucose concentration gradients is always enhanced. The introduced approach can be used for estimation of blood flow changes influence not only on glucose but also on other nutrients concentration gradients and for the modelling of distributions of their concentrations near blood vessels in other tissues as well.
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Kopylova VS, Boronovskiy SE, Nartsissov YR. Fundamental constraints of vessels network architecture properties revealed by reconstruction of a rat brain vasculature. Math Biosci 2019; 315:108237. [PMID: 31377216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The studies of mammalian vasculature are an essential part of biomedical research, enabling the development of physiological understanding and forming the background of medical techniques and therapy. Despite the fact that the basic principles of vessel network description were established in the first quarter of the twentieth century, a digital model describing the vasculature in full accordance with experimental data has not yet been created. In the present study, we combine the determined structure design of basic arterial vessels with the stochastic creation of small vessel networks. By the example of rat brain arterial network model it was shown that the arterial blood volume and the magnitude of the blood flow impose a limitation on the network architecture. In particular, the bifurcation exponent (γ) should not be less than 2.7, and the optimal value of this parameter lies in the range of 2.9-3.0. Although the networks with a low γ appear as branched and complex, they do not fill out the phantom properly. Thus, the architecture of the vasculature is fundamentally determined by topological geometrical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kopylova
- Department of mathematical modelling and statistical analysis, Institute of cytochemistry and molecular pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S E Boronovskiy
- Department of mathematical modelling and statistical analysis, Institute of cytochemistry and molecular pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ya R Nartsissov
- Department of mathematical modelling and statistical analysis, Institute of cytochemistry and molecular pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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Kopylova VS, Boronovskiy SE, Nartsissov YR. Multiparametric topological analysis of reconstructed rat brain arterial system. Phys Biol 2019; 16:056002. [PMID: 31163405 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All metabolic processes in living tissues are provided by the vascular system, whose functionality largely depends on its structure and topology. The paper proposes an algorithm for constructing the circulatory system based on a combination of stochastic and deterministic approaches. Analyses of the topological characteristics of arterial tree models with different values of the bifurcation exponent ([Formula: see text]) and length coefficient ([Formula: see text]) show that the maximum agreement with experimental data can be achieved only with the optimal values of both parameters (3.0 and 0.90, respectively). Application of the multiparametric optimization in conjunction with topological analysis makes it possible to quantify the biological division of the distributing and delivering vessels of a tree with a high degree of branching. The proposed approach allows both the correct spatial localization of the main arteries and the complex topology of the complete arterial system down to the capillaries to be reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kopylova
- Department of Mathematical Modelling and Statistical Analysis, Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Moscow 115404, Russia
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Nesterov SV, Skorobogatova YA, Panteleeva AA, Pavlik LL, Mikheeva IB, Yaguzhinsky LS, Nartsissov YR. NMDA and GABA receptor presence in rat heart mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:40-46. [PMID: 29883723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the presence of three more receptors in mitochondria. Two N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (NR1 and NR2B) are found by protein immunoblot and immunogold labeling in mitochondria fraction isolated from rat heart. These data allow supposing NMDAR presence and functioning in the inner mitochondrial membrane. There are no signs of receptor presence obtained in heart tissue lysate, that indicates the receptor localization exactly in mitochondria. The possible receptor functions discussed are its participation in calcium transport and in excitation-metabolism coupling. Besides, preliminary evidence is obtained of GABAA and GABAB receptors presence in heart mitochondria. One can surmise their role in metabolism regulation and their possible co-operation with NMDAR just as in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen V Nesterov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Skorobogatova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.
| | - Alisa A Panteleeva
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Lyubov L Pavlik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophisics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Irina B Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophisics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 6-th Radialnaya str. 24-14, Moscow, 115404, Russia; Belozersky Research Institute for Physico Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yaroslav R Nartsissov
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, 6-th Radialnaya str. 24-14, Moscow, 115404, Russia.
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Ping S, Qiu X, Gonzalez-Toledo ME, Liu X, Zhao LR. Stem Cell Factor in Combination with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor reduces Cerebral Capillary Thrombosis in a Mouse Model of CADASIL. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:637-647. [PMID: 29871518 PMCID: PMC6041883 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and
leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a cerebral small vascular disease caused by NOTCH3
mutation-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) degeneration, leading to ischemic
stroke and vascular dementia. Our previous study has demonstrated that repeated treatment
with a combination of stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
(G-CSF) reduces VSMC degeneration and cerebral endothelial cell (EC) damage and improves
cognitive function in a mouse model of CADASIL (TgNotch3R90C). This study aimed to
determine whether cerebral thrombosis occurs in TgNotch3R90C mice and whether repeated
SCF+G-CSF treatment reduces cerebral thrombosis in TgNotch3R90C mice. Using the approaches
of bone marrow transplantation to track bone marrow-derived cells and confocal imaging, we
observed bone marrow-derived blood cell occlusion in cerebral small vessels and
capillaries (thrombosis). Most thrombosis occurred in the cerebral capillaries (93% of
total occluded vessels), and the thrombosis showed an increased frequency in the regions
of capillary bifurcation. Degenerated capillary ECs were seen inside and surrounding the
thrombosis, and the bone marrow-derived ECs were also found next to the thrombosis. IgG
extravasation was seen in and next to the areas of thrombosis. SCF+G-CSF treatment
significantly reduced cerebral capillary thrombosis and IgG extravasation. These data
suggest that the EC damage is associated with thrombosis and blood–brain barrier leakage
in the cerebral capillaries under the CADASIL-like condition, whereas SCF+G-CSF treatment
diminishes these pathological alterations. This study provides new insight into the
involvement of cerebral capillary thrombosis in the development of CADASIL and potential
approaches to reduce the thrombosis, which may restrict the pathological progression of
CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Ping
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuecheng Qiu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Gonzalez-Toledo
- 2 Departments of Neurology, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- 2 Departments of Neurology, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Li-Ru Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA.,2 Departments of Neurology, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Anisimova AV, Galkin SS, Krupatkin AI, Sidorov VV, Gunchenko AS. [The state of microcirculation and platelet hemostasis in patients with ischemic stroke after systemic thrombolytic therapy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:39-42. [PMID: 29798979 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181183239-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The state of microcirculation and platelet hemostasis in patients with ischemic stroke after systemic thrombolytic therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-two patients after systemic thrombolytic therapy (TLT) (mean age 64.26 [60.58; 68.06]) and 47 patients without TLT (54.52 [47.48; 60.83]) were studied. The study of platelet hemostasis was conducted with the determination of platelet aggregation (AT) on adrenaline, ADP, ristomycin, spontaneous aggregation on days 1, 7 and 14. Studies of the state of microcirculation of cerebral vessels were carried out using the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Characteristics of changes in induced AT and parameters of the microcirculation system in patients after systemic TLT at 1, 7 and 14 days in comparison with the indices of patients without TLT were revealed that allowed to expand the understanding of pathological mechanisms of the microcirculatory bed, their connection with violations of central hemodynamics and to obtain additional markers of disease course and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anisimova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Galkin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A S Gunchenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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