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Liu W, Liu C, Ren PG, Chu J, Wang L. An Improved Genetically Encoded Fluorescent cAMP Indicator for Sensitive cAMP Imaging and Fast Drug Screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902290. [PMID: 35694242 PMCID: PMC9175130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is an important intracellular second messenger molecule downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Fluorescence imaging with bright and sensitive cAMP indicators allows not only dissecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular cAMP, but also high-content screening of compounds against GPCRs. We previously reported the high-performance circularly permuted GFP (cpGFP)-based cAMP indicator G-Flamp1. Here, we developed improved G-Flamp1 variants G-Flamp2 and G-Flamp2b. Compared to G-Flamp1, G-Flamp2 exhibited increased baseline fluorescence (1.6-fold) and larger fluorescence change (ΔF/F0) (1,300% vs. 1,100%) in HEK293T cells, while G-Flamp2b showed increased baseline fluorescence (3.1-fold) and smaller ΔF/F0 (400% vs. 1,100%). Furthermore, live cell imaging of mitochondrial matrix–targeted G-Flamp2 confirmed cytosolic cAMP was able to enter the mitochondrial matrix. G-Flamp2 imaging also showed that adipose tissue extract activated the Gi protein-coupled orphan GPCR GPR50 in HEK293T cells. Taken together, our results showed that the high-performance of G-Flamp2 would facilitate sensitive intracellular cAMP imaging and activity measurement of compounds targeting GPCR-cAMP signaling pathway during early drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology & Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging & CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Pei-Gen Ren, ; Jun Chu, ; Liang Wang,
| | - Jun Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology & Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging & CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Pei-Gen Ren, ; Jun Chu, ; Liang Wang,
| | - Liang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology & Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging & CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Pei-Gen Ren, ; Jun Chu, ; Liang Wang,
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2
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Kocik RA, Gasch AP. Breadth and Specificity in Pleiotropic Protein Kinase A Activity and Environmental Responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803392. [PMID: 35252178 PMCID: PMC8888911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase A (PKA) is an essential kinase that is conserved across eukaryotes and plays fundamental roles in a wide range of organismal processes, including growth control, learning and memory, cardiovascular health, and development. PKA mediates these responses through the direct phosphorylation of hundreds of proteins-however, which proteins are phosphorylated can vary widely across cell types and environmental cues, even within the same organism. A major question is how cells enact specificity and precision in PKA activity to mount the proper response, especially during environmental changes in which only a subset of PKA-controlled processes must respond. Research over the years has uncovered multiple strategies that cells use to modulate PKA activity and specificity. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of PKA signaling control including subcellular targeting, phase separation, feedback control, and standing waves of allosteric regulation. We discuss how the complex inputs and outputs to the PKA network simultaneously pose challenges and solutions in signaling integration and insulation. PKA serves as a model for how the same regulatory factors can serve broad pleiotropic functions but maintain specificity in localized control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Kocik
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Audrey P Gasch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jiang A, Mazarura GR, Hébert TE. Biosensor-based profiling to track cellular signalling in patient-derived models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110239. [PMID: 34990783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) represent a diverse group of cardiovascular diseases impacting the structure and function of the myocardium. To better treat these diseases, we need to understand the impact of such cardiomyopathies on critical signalling pathways that drive disease progression downstream of receptors we often target therapeutically. Our understanding of cellular signalling events has progressed substantially in the last few years, in large part due to the design, validation and use of biosensor-based approaches to studying such events in cells, tissues and in some cases, living animals. Another transformative development has been the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate disease-relevant models from individual patients. We highlight the importance of going beyond monocellular cultures to incorporate the influence of paracrine signalling mediators. Finally, we discuss the recent coalition of these approaches in the context of DCM. We discuss recent work in generating patient-derived models of cardiomyopathies and the utility of using signalling biosensors to track disease progression and test potential therapeutic strategies that can be later used to inform treatment options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alyson Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Grace R Mazarura
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Signal transduction in primary cilia - analyzing and manipulating GPCR and second messenger signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107836. [PMID: 33744260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium projects from the surface of most vertebrate cells, where it senses extracellular signals to regulate diverse cellular processes during tissue development and homeostasis. Dysfunction of primary cilia underlies the pathogenesis of severe diseases, commonly referred to as ciliopathies. Primary cilia contain a unique protein repertoire that is distinct from the cell body and the plasma membrane, enabling the spatially controlled transduction of extracellular cues. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key in sensing environmental stimuli that are transmitted via second messenger signaling into a cellular response. Here, we will give an overview of the role of GPCR signaling in primary cilia, and how ciliary GPCR signaling can be targeted by pharmacology, chemogenetics, and optogenetics.
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Tian Y, Yang S, Gao S. Advances, Perspectives and Potential Engineering Strategies of Light-Gated Phosphodiesterases for Optogenetic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7544. [PMID: 33066112 PMCID: PMC7590022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messengers, cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cGMP), play important roles in many animal cells by regulating intracellular signaling pathways and modulating cell physiology. Environmental cues like temperature, light, and chemical compounds can stimulate cell surface receptors and trigger the generation of second messengers and the following regulations. The spread of cAMP and cGMP is further shaped by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) for orchestration of intracellular microdomain signaling. However, localized intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling requires further investigation. Optogenetic manipulation of cAMP and cGMP offers new opportunities for spatio-temporally precise study of their signaling mechanism. Light-gated nucleotide cyclases are well developed and applied for cAMP/cGMP manipulation. Recently discovered rhodopsin phosphodiesterase genes from protists established a new and direct biological connection between light and PDEs. Light-regulated PDEs are under development, and of demand to complete the toolkit for cAMP/cGMP manipulation. In this review, we summarize the state of the art, pros and cons of artificial and natural light-regulated PDEs, and discuss potential new strategies of developing light-gated PDEs for optogenetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
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Blanco E, Fortunato S, Viggiano L, de Pinto MC. Cyclic AMP: A Polyhedral Signalling Molecule in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4862. [PMID: 32660128 PMCID: PMC7402341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cAMP (3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is nowadays recognised as an important signalling molecule in plants, involved in many molecular processes, including sensing and response to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. The validation of a functional cAMP-dependent signalling system in higher plants has spurred a great scientific interest on the polyhedral role of cAMP, as it actively participates in plant adaptation to external stimuli, in addition to the regulation of physiological processes. The complex architecture of cAMP-dependent pathways is far from being fully understood, because the actors of these pathways and their downstream target proteins remain largely unidentified. Recently, a genetic strategy was effectively used to lower cAMP cytosolic levels and hence shed light on the consequences of cAMP deficiency in plant cells. This review aims to provide an integrated overview of the current state of knowledge on cAMP's role in plant growth and response to environmental stress. Current knowledge of the molecular components and the mechanisms of cAMP signalling events is summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Blanco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.); (L.V.)
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.); (L.V.)
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.); (L.V.)
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Villafani Y, Yang HW, Park YI. Color Sensing and Signal Transmission Diversity of Cyanobacterial Phytochromes and Cyanobacteriochromes. Mol Cells 2020; 43:509-516. [PMID: 32438780 PMCID: PMC7332365 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To perceive fluctuations in light quality, quantity, and timing, higher plants have evolved diverse photoreceptors including UVR8 (a UV-B photoreceptor), cryptochromes, phototropins, and phytochromes (Phys). In contrast to plants, prokaryotic oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria, rely mostly on bilin-based photoreceptors, namely, cyanobacterial phytochromes (Cphs) and cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs), which exhibit structural and functional differences compared with plant Phys. CBCRs comprise varying numbers of light sensing domains with diverse color-tuning mechanisms and signal transmission pathways, allowing cyanobacteria to respond to UV-A, visible, and far-red lights. Recent genomic surveys of filamentous cyanobacteria revealed novel CBCRs with broader chromophore-binding specificity and photocycle protochromicity. Furthermore, a novel Cph lineage has been identified that absorbs blue-violet/yellow-orange light. In this minireview, we briefly discuss the diversity in color sensing and signal transmission mechanisms of Cphs and CBCRs, along with their potential utility in the field of optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Villafani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hee Wook Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Hansen JN, Kaiser F, Klausen C, Stüven B, Chong R, Bönigk W, Mick DU, Möglich A, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Schmidt FI, Wachten D. Nanobody-directed targeting of optogenetic tools to study signaling in the primary cilium. eLife 2020; 9:e57907. [PMID: 32579112 PMCID: PMC7338050 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization of cellular signaling forms the molecular basis of cellular behavior. The primary cilium constitutes a subcellular compartment that orchestrates signal transduction independent from the cell body. Ciliary dysfunction causes severe diseases, termed ciliopathies. Analyzing ciliary signaling has been challenging due to the lack of tools to investigate ciliary signaling. Here, we describe a nanobody-based targeting approach for optogenetic tools in mammalian cells and in vivo in zebrafish to specifically analyze ciliary signaling and function. Thereby, we overcome the loss of protein function observed after fusion to ciliary targeting sequences. We functionally localized modifiers of cAMP signaling, the photo-activated adenylyl cyclase bPAC and the light-activated phosphodiesterase LAPD, and the cAMP biosensor mlCNBD-FRET to the cilium. Using this approach, we studied the contribution of spatial cAMP signaling in controlling cilia length. Combining optogenetics with nanobody-based targeting will pave the way to the molecular understanding of ciliary function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Hansen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Fabian Kaiser
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Christina Klausen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Birthe Stüven
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Raymond Chong
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Wolfgang Bönigk
- Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar)BonnGermany
| | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, School of MedicineHomburgGermany
| | - Andreas Möglich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Florian I Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Emmy Noether research group, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Core Facility Nanobodies, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar)BonnGermany
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