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Prakash R, Izraely S, Thareja NS, Lee RH, Rappaport M, Kawaguchi R, Sagi-Assif O, Ben-Menachem S, Meshel T, Machnicki M, Ohe S, Hoon DS, Coppola G, Witz IP, Carmichael ST. Regeneration Enhances Metastasis: A Novel Role for Neurovascular Signaling in Promoting Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:297. [PMID: 31024232 PMCID: PMC6465799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural repair after stroke involves initiation of a cellular proliferative program in the form of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and molecular growth signals in the surrounding tissue elements. This cellular environment constitutes a niche in which regeneration of new blood vessels and new neurons leads to partial tissue repair after stroke. Cancer metastasis has similar proliferative cellular events in the brain and other organs. Do cancer and CNS tissue repair share similar cellular processes? In this study, we identify a novel role of the regenerative neurovascular niche induced by stroke in promoting brain melanoma metastasis through enhancing cellular interactions with surrounding niche components. Repair-mediated neurovascular signaling induces metastatic cells to express genes crucial to metastasis. Mimicking stroke-like conditions in vitro displays an enhancement of metastatic migration potential and allows for the determination of cell-specific signals produced by the regenerative neurovascular niche. Comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo expression profiles reveals a major contribution of endothelial cells in mediating melanoma metastasis. These results point to a previously undiscovered role of the regenerative neurovascular niche in shaping the tumor microenvironment and brain metastatic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Prakash
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikita S Thareja
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rex H Lee
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Rappaport
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Machnicki
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Dave S Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Muzyka VV, Brooks M, Badea TC. Postnatal developmental dynamics of cell type specification genes in Brn3a/Pou4f1 Retinal Ganglion Cells. Neural Dev 2018; 13:15. [PMID: 29958540 PMCID: PMC6025728 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20-30 distinct Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) types transmit visual information from the retina to the brain. The developmental mechanisms by which RGCs are specified are still largely unknown. Brn3a is a member of the Brn3/Pou4f transcription factor family, which contains key regulators of RGC postmitotic specification. In particular, Brn3a ablation results in the loss of RGCs with small, thick and dense dendritic arbors ('midget-like' RGCs), and morphological changes in other RGC subpopulations. To identify downstream molecular mechanisms underlying Brn3a effects on RGC numbers and morphology, our group recently performed a RNA deep sequencing screen for Brn3a transcriptional targets in mouse RGCs and identified 180 candidate transcripts. METHODS We now focus on a subset of 28 candidate genes encoding potential cell type determinant proteins. We validate and further define their retinal expression profile at five postnatal developmental time points between birth and adult stage, using in situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR and fluorescent immunodetection (IIF). RESULTS We find that a majority of candidate genes are enriched in the ganglion cell layer during early stages of postnatal development, but dynamically change their expression profile. We also document transcript-specific expression differences for two example candidates, using RT-PCR and ISH. Brn3a dependency could be confirmed by ISH and IIF only for a fraction of our candidates. CONCLUSIONS Amongst our candidate Brn3a target genes, a majority demonstrated ganglion cell layer specificity, however only around two thirds showed Brn3a dependency. Some were previously implicated in RGC type specification, while others have known physiological functions in RGCs. Only three genes were found to be consistently regulated by Brn3a throughout postnatal retina development - Mapk10, Tusc5 and Cdh4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Brooks
- Genomics Core, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Building 6, Room 331B Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA
| | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Building 6, Room 331B Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
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Sun X, Liu X, Liu BO, Li S, Zhang D, Guo H. Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 overexpression promotes tumor development and aggression in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:437-444. [PMID: 27429652 PMCID: PMC4940681 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 (SGK3) is critical for tumor survival, proliferation and invasion. In the present study we evaluated SGK3 expression in breast tissues and investigated alterations in SGK3 levels in tumor multiplication, progression and apoptosis. Tissue microarray analyses were performed to examine SGK3 expression in breast cancer samples, as well as in adjacent noncancerous and normal tissues. The pEGFP-N1-SGK3 plasmid was transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells to generate SGK3-overexpressing cells. Cell growth assays, colony formation assays, cell cycle analyses, horizontal and vertical migration tests, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were employed to investigate the biological behavior of SGK3-overexpressing cells. SGK3 levels were significantly higher in breast cancer samples compared with adjacent noncancerous and normal tissues. Cell growth curves revealed increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in SGK3-overexpressing cells. SGK3-overexpressing cells also demonstrated enhanced invasion and migration abilities. SGK3-overexpressing cells had high levels of an apoptosis-related gene (bcl-xl) and invasion-related genes (mmp2 and mmp9), and decreased levels of an anti-apoptosis gene (bad). Phosphorylation of GSK-3β, which is downstream in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway, was activated by SGK3 overexpression. β-catenin phosphorylation did not differ between the SGK3-overexpressing and non-SGK3-overexpressing cells. SGK3 overexpression induces GSK-3β phosphorylation, enhancing apoptosis- and invasion-related genes and proteins and thereby leading to tumor development and aggression in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - B O Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Qiqihar Medical University Library, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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