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Liu M, Zhang W, Han S, Zhang D, Zhou X, Guo X, Chen H, Wang H, Jin L, Feng S, Wei Z. Multifunctional Conductive and Electrogenic Hydrogel Repaired Spinal Cord Injury via Immunoregulation and Enhancement of Neuronal Differentiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313672. [PMID: 38308338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a refractory neurological disorder. Due to the complex pathological processes, especially the secondary inflammatory cascade and the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity, it is difficult to recover neurological function after SCI. Meanwhile, simulating the conductive microenvironment of the spinal cord reconstructs electrical neural signal transmission interrupted by SCI and facilitates neural repair. Therefore, a double-crosslinked conductive hydrogel (BP@Hydrogel) containing black phosphorus nanoplates (BP) is synthesized. When placed in a rotating magnetic field (RMF), the BP@Hydrogel can generate stable electrical signals and exhibit electrogenic characteristic. In vitro, the BP@Hydrogel shows satisfactory biocompatibility and can alleviate the activation of microglia. When placed in the RMF, it enhances the anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, wireless electrical stimulation promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons, which is associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, the BP@Hydrogel is injectable and can elicit behavioral and electrophysiological recovery in complete transected SCI mice by alleviating the inflammation and facilitating endogenous NSCs to form functional neurons and synapses under the RMF. The present research develops a multifunctional conductive and electrogenic hydrogel for SCI repair by targeting multiple mechanisms including immunoregulation and enhancement of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuwei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xianzheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, No. 6, Middle Section of Wenchang Avenue, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
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Rahman MM, Reza ASMA, Khan MA, Sujon KM, Sharmin R, Rashid M, Sadik MG, Reza MA, Tsukahara T, Capasso R, Mosaddik A, Gobe GC, Alam AK. Unfolding the apoptotic mechanism of antioxidant enriched-leaves of Tabebuia pallida (lindl.) miers in EAC cells and mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114297. [PMID: 34118341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers (T. pallida) is a well-known native Caribbean medicinal plant. The leaves and barks of T. pallida are used as traditional medicine in the form of herbal or medicinal tea to manage cancer, fever, and pain. Moreover, extracts from the leaves of T. pallida showed anticancer activity. However, the chemical profile and mechanism of anticancer activity of T. pallida leaves (TPL), stem bark (TPSB), root bark (TPRB) and flowers (TPF) remain unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to explore the regulation of apoptosis by T. pallida using Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cultured cells and an EAC mouse model. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used for compositional analysis of T. pallida extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried and powdered TPL, TPSB, TPRB and TPF were extracted with 80% methanol. Using cultured EAC cells and EAC-bearing mice with and without these extracts, anticancer activities were studied by assessing cytotoxicity and tumor cell growth inhibition, changes in life span of mice, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Apoptosis was analyzed by microscopy and expression of selected apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, NFκ-B, PARP-1, p53, Bax, caspase-3 and -8) using RT-PCR. LC-ESI-MS analysis was performed to identify the major compounds from active extracts. Computer aided analyses was undertaken to sort out the best-fit phytoconstituent of total ten isolated compounds of this plant for antioxidant and anticancer activity. RESULTS In EAC mice compared with untreated controls, the TPL extract exhibited the highest cancer cell toxicity with significant tumor cell growth inhibition (p < 0.001), reduced ascites by body weight (p < 0.01), increased the life span (p < 0.001), normalized blood parameters (RBC/WBC counts), and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. TPL-treated EAC cells showed increased apoptotic characteristics of membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation, compared with untreated EAC cells. Moreover, annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide signals were greatly enhanced in response to TPL treatment, indicating apoptosis induction. Pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling after TPL treatment demonstrated up-regulated p53, Bax and PARP-1, and down-regulated NFκ-B, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, suggesting that TPL shifts the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes towards cell death. LC-ESI-MS data of TPL showed a mixture of glycosides, lapachol, and quercetin antioxidant and its derivatives that were significantly linked to cancer cell targets. The compound, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside was found to be most effective in computer aided models. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the TPL extract of T. pallida possesses significant anticancer activity. The tumor suppressive mechanism is due to apoptosis induced by activation of antioxidant enzymes and caspases and mediated by a change in the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes that promotes cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
| | - A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Khaled Mahmud Sujon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Rokshana Sharmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh.
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Toshifumi Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology and Division of Transdisciplinary Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Ahm Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Zahan R, Ahmed S, Sharmin T, Halim MA, Rahi MS, Sheikh MC, Miyatake R, Zangrando E, Naz T, Islam MA, Reza MA. Synthesis of bis[benzyl‐
N′
‐hydrazinecarbodithioato‐
κ
2
N′
,
S
]nickel(II) complex as a novel lead molecule for cancer treatment. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
- Institute of Biological Sciences University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Sinthyia Ahmed
- Department of Computer‐aided Drug Design The Red‐Green Research Centre Dhaka 1215 Bangladesh
| | - Tahmida Sharmin
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Halim
- Department of Computer‐aided Drug Design The Red‐Green Research Centre Dhaka 1215 Bangladesh
- Department of Physical Sciences University of Arkansas‐Fort Smith Fort Smith AR 72913 USA
| | - Md. Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Chanmiya Sheikh
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Okayama University of Science 1‐1 Riomachi, Kita‐ku Okayama City 700‐0005 Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930‐8555 Japan
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Via L. Giorgieri 1 Trieste 34127 Italy
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
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Yi X, Yang Y, Wu P, Xu X, Li W. Alternative splicing events during adipogenesis from hMSCs. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:304-316. [PMID: 31206189 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, the developmental process of progenitor-cell differentiating into adipocytes, leads to fat metabolic disorders. Alternative splicing (AS), a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression, allows the generation of more than one unique messenger RNA (mRNA) species from a single gene. Till now, alternative splicing events during adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are not yet fully elucidated. We performed RNA-Seq coupled with bioinformatics analysis to identify the differentially expressed AS genes and events during adipogenesis from hMSCs. A global survey separately identified 1262, 1181, 1167, and 1227 ASE involved in the most common types of AS including cassette exon, alt3, and alt5, especially with cassette exon the most prevalent, at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days during adipogenesis. Interestingly, 122 differentially expressed ASE referred to 118 genes, and the three genes including ACTN1 (alt3 and cassette), LRP1 (alt3 and alt5), and LTBP4 (cassette, cassette_multi, and unknown), appeared in multiple AS types of ASE during adipogenesis. Except for all the identified ASE of LRP1 occurred in the extracellular topological domain, alt3 (84) in transmembrane domain significantly differentially expressed was the potential key event during adipogenesis. Overall, we have, for the first time, conducted the global transcriptional profiling during adipogenesis of hMSCs to identify differentially expressed ASE and ASE-related genes. This finding would provide extensive ASE as the regulator of adipogenesis and the potential targets for future molecular research into adipogenesis-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yunzhong Yang
- Beijing Yuanchuangzhilian Techonlogy Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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5
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Zahan R, Rahi MS, Sheikh MC, Miyatake R, Zangrando E, Naz T, Islam MAAAA, Reza MA. Design, synthesis and X-ray structural studies of novel [acetonitrile-benzyl-3-N-(2, 4 dihydroxyphenylmethylene) hydrazinecarbodithioato-κ3-N′, S, O] nickel(ll) complex that potently inhibit cell proliferation through regulation of apoptosis related genes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Chanmiya Sheikh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
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6
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Artyukhov AS, Dashinimaev EB, Tsvetkov VO, Bolshakov AP, Konovalova EV, Kolbaev SN, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. New genes for accurate normalization of qRT-PCR results in study of iPS and iPS-derived cells. Gene 2017; 626:234-240. [PMID: 28546127 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
iPSC-derived cells (from induced pluripotent stem cells) are a useful source that provide a powerful and widely accepted tool for the study of various types of human cells in vitro. Indeed, iPSC-derived cells from patients with hereditary diseases have been shown to reproduce the hallmarks of these diseases in vitro, phenotypes that can then also be manipulated in vitro. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is often used to characterize the progress of iPSC differentiation, validate mature cell types and to determine levels of pathological markers. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is used to quantify mRNA levels. This method requires some way of normalizing the data, typically by relating the obtained levels of gene expression to the levels of expression of a "house keeping gene", a gene whose expression is presumed not to change during manipulation of the cells. In the literature, typically only one such reference gene is used and its stability of expression during cell manipulation is not demonstrated. We are not aware of any study systematically looking at the expression of such genes in human iPSC or during their differentiation into neurons. Here we compare the expression of 16 reference genes in iPSC, neural stem cells (NSC) and neurons derived from iPSC. The applications GeNorm and NormFinder were used to identify the most suitable reference genes. We showed that ACTb, C1orf43, PSMB4, GAPDH and HMBS have the most stable expression. The use of these reference genes allows an accurate normalization of qRT-PCR results in all the cell types discussed above. We hope that this report will help to enable the performance of proper qRT-PCR results normalization in studies with iPSC-derived cells and in disease-modeling reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Artyukhov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E B Dashinimaev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V O Tsvetkov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Bolshakov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S N Kolbaev
- Research Center for Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Vasiliev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Alam AHMK, Hossain ASMS, Khan MA, Kabir SR, Reza MA, Rahman MM, Islam MS, Rahman MAA, Rashid M, Sadik MG. The Antioxidative Fraction of White Mulberry Induces Apoptosis through Regulation of p53 and NFκB in EAC Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167536. [PMID: 27936037 PMCID: PMC5147903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry (Morus alba) was found to have an apotogenic effect on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cell-induced mice (EAC mice) that correlate with upregulated p53 and downregulated NFκB signaling. The antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of various mulberry fractions were evaluated by spectrophotometry and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was selected for further analysis. Strikingly, the EAF caused 70.20% tumor growth inhibition with S-phase cell cycle arrest, normalized blood parameters including red/white blood cell counts and suppressed the tumor weight of EAC mice compared with untreated controls. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of EAF-treated EAC cells revealed DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and plasma membrane blebbing. These characteristic morphological features of apoptosis influenced us to further investigate pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in EAF-treated EAC mice. Interestingly, apoptosis correlated with the upregulation of p53 and its target genes PARP-1 and Bax, and also with the down-regulation of NFκB and its target genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our results suggest that the tumor- suppressive effect of the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry is likely due to apoptosis mediated by p53 and NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- AHM Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Janesick A, Wu SC, Blumberg B. Retinoic acid signaling and neuronal differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1559-76. [PMID: 25558812 PMCID: PMC11113123 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of neurological symptoms caused by vitamin A deficiency pointed to a critical, early developmental role of vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). The ability of RA to induce post-mitotic, neural phenotypes in various stem cells, in vitro, served as early evidence that RA is involved in the switch between proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies have expanded this "opposing signal" model, and the number of primary neurons an embryo develops is now known to depend critically on the levels and spatial distribution of RA. The proneural and neurogenic transcription factors that control the exit of neural progenitors from the cell cycle and allow primary neurons to develop are partly elucidated, but the downstream effectors of RA receptor (RAR) signaling (many of which are putative cell cycle regulators) remain largely unidentified. The molecular mechanisms underlying RA-induced primary neurogenesis in anamniote embryos are starting to be revealed; however, these data have been not been extended to amniote embryos. There is growing evidence that bona fide RARs are found in some mollusks and other invertebrates, but little is known about their necessity or functions in neurogenesis. One normal function of RA is to regulate the cell cycle to halt proliferation, and loss of RA signaling is associated with dedifferentiation and the development of cancer. Identifying the genes and pathways that mediate cell cycle exit downstream of RA will be critical for our understanding of how to target tumor differentiation. Overall, elucidating the molecular details of RAR-regulated neurogenesis will be decisive for developing and understanding neural proliferation-differentiation switches throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Janesick
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300 USA
| | - Stephanie Cherie Wu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300 USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences 3, University of California, Irvine, 92697-2300 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Alam S, Phan HTT, Okazaki M, Takagi M, Kawahara K, Tsukahara T, Suzuki H. Computational extraction of a neural molecular network through alternative splicing. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:934. [PMID: 25523101 PMCID: PMC4320441 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, the results of high throughput analyses contain information about gene expressions, and about exon expressions. Approximately 90% of primary protein-coding transcripts undergo alternative splicing in mammals. However, changes induced by alternative exons have not been properly analyzed for their impact on important molecular networks or their biological events. Even when alternative exons are identified, they are usually subjected to bioinformatics analysis in the same way as the gene ignoring the possibility of functionality change because of the alteration of domain caused by alternative exon. Here, we reveal an effective computational approach to explore an important molecular network based on potential changes of functionality induced by alternative exons obtained from our comprehensive analysis of neuronal cell differentiation. RESULTS From our previously identified 262 differentially alternatively spliced exons during neuronal cell differentiations, we extracted 241 sets that changed the amino acid sequences between the alternatively spliced sequences. Conserved domain searches indicated that annotated domain(s) were changed in 128 sets. We obtained 49 genes whose terms overlapped between domain description and gene annotation. Thus, these 49 genes have alternatively differentially spliced in exons that affect their main functions. We performed pathway analysis using these 49 genes and identified the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway as being involved frequently. Recent studies reported that the mTOR pathway is associated with neuronal cell differentiation, vindicating that our approach extracted an important molecular network successfully. CONCLUSIONS Effective informatics approaches for exons should be more complex than those for genes, because changes in alternative exons affect protein functions via alterations of amino acid sequences and functional domains. Our method extracted alterations of functional domains and identified key alternative splicing events. We identified the EGFR and mTOR signaling pathway as the most affected pathway. The mTOR pathway is important for neuronal differentiation, suggesting that this in silico extraction of alternative splicing networks is useful. This preliminary analysis indicated that automated analysis of the effects of alternative splicing would provide a rich source of biologically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Alam
- />School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292 Japan
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Phan
- />School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292 Japan
| | - Mio Okazaki
- />Department of Chemicals and Engineering, Miyakonojo National College of Technology, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, 885-0006 Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- />School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292 Japan
| | - Kozo Kawahara
- />World Fusion Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0013 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsukahara
- />School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- />School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292 Japan
- />Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292 Japan
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10
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Suzuki H, Takeuchi M, Sugiyama A, Alam AK, Vu LT, Sekiyama Y, Dam HC, Ohki SY, Tsukahara T. Alternative splicing produces structural and functional changes in CUGBP2. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 13:6. [PMID: 22433174 PMCID: PMC3368720 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background CELF/Bruno-like proteins play multiple roles, including the regulation of alternative splicing and translation. These RNA-binding proteins contain two RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains at the N-terminus and another RRM at the C-terminus. CUGBP2 is a member of this family of proteins that possesses several alternatively spliced exons. Results The present study investigated the expression of exon 14, which is an alternatively spliced exon and encodes the first half of the third RRM of CUGBP2. The ratio of exon 14 skipping product (R3δ) to its inclusion was reduced in neuronal cells induced from P19 cells and in the brain. Although full length CUGBP2 and the CUGBP2 R3δ isoforms showed a similar effect on the inclusion of the smooth muscle (SM) exon of the ACTN1 gene, these isoforms showed an opposite effect on the skipping of exon 11 in the insulin receptor gene. In addition, examination of structural changes in these isoforms by molecular dynamics simulation and NMR spectrometry suggested that the third RRM of R3δ isoform was flexible and did not form an RRM structure. Conclusion Our results suggest that CUGBP2 regulates the splicing of ACTN1 and insulin receptor by different mechanisms. Alternative splicing of CUGBP2 exon 14 contributes to the regulation of the splicing of the insulin receptor. The present findings specifically show how alternative splicing events that result in three-dimensional structural changes in CUGBP2 can lead to changes in its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Suzuki
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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Solmesky L, Lefler S, Jacob-Hirsch J, Bulvik S, Rechavi G, Weil M. Serum free cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a platform to characterize the effects of specific molecules. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20844755 PMCID: PMC2937025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are easily isolated from the bone marrow by adherence to plastic surfaces. These cells show self-renewal capacity and multipotency. A unique feature of hMSC is their capacity to survive without serum. Under this condition hMSC neither proliferate nor differentiate but maintain their biological properties unaffected. Therefore, this should be a perfect platform to study the biological effects of defined molecules on these human stem cells. We show that hMSC treated for five days with retinoic acid (RA) in the absence of serum undergo several transcriptional changes causing an inhibition of ERK related pathways. We found that RA induces the loss of hMSC properties such as differentiation potential to either osteoblasts or adipocytes. We also found that RA inhibits cell cycle progression in the presence of proliferating signals such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) combined with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In the same manner, RA showed to cause a reduction in cell adhesion and cell migration. In contrast to these results, the addition of EGF+bFGF to serum free cultures was enough to upregulate ERK activity and induce hMSC proliferation and cell migration. Furthermore, the addition of these factors to differentiation specific media instead of serum was enough to induce either osteogenesis or adipogenesis. Altogether, our results show that hMSC's ability to survive without serum enables the identification of signaling factors and pathways that are involved in their stem cell biological characteristics without possible serum interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Solmesky
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Lefler
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shlomo Bulvik
- Hematology Department, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Miguel Weil
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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