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Chen L, Hassani Nia F, Stauber T. Ion Channels and Transporters in Muscle Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13615. [PMID: 34948411 PMCID: PMC8703453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on ion channels in muscle tissues have mainly focused on physiological muscle function and related disorders, but emerging evidence supports a critical role of ion channels and transporters in developmental processes, such as controlling the myogenic commitment of stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ion channels and transporters that influence skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation, cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. We highlight examples of model organisms or patients with mutations in ion channels. Furthermore, a potential underlying molecular mechanism involving hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a series of calcium signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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2
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Wang J, Shi X, Xiong M, Tan WS, Cai H. Trehalose glycopolymers for cryopreservation of tissue-engineered constructs. Cryobiology 2021; 104:47-55. [PMID: 34800528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective cryopreservation method to achieve off-the-shelf and bioactive tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) is important to meet the requirements for clinical applications. The trehalose, a non-permeable cryoprotectant (CPA), has difficulty in penetrating the plasma membranes of mammalian cells and has only been used in combination with other cell penetrating CPA (such as DMSO) to cryopreserve mammalian cells. However, the inherent cytotoxicity of DMSO results in increasing risks with respect to cryopreserved cells. Therefore, in this study, permeable trehalose glycopolymers were synthesised for cryopreservation of TECs. The trehalose glycopolymers exhibited good ice inhibiting activities and biocompatibilities. Furthermore, the viability and function of TECs after cryopreservation with 5.0 wt% S2 were similar to those of the non-cryopreserved TECs. We developed an effective preservation strategy for the off-the-shelf availability of TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Minghao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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3
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Hu FY, Gao FJ, Xu P, Zhang SH, Wu JH. Cell Development Deficiency and Gene Expression Dysregulation of Trisomy 21 Retina Revealed by Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:564057. [PMID: 33072724 PMCID: PMC7538860 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.564057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina is a crucial tissue for capturing and processing light stimulus. It is critical to describe the characteristics of retina at the single-cell level for understanding its biological functions. A variety of abnormalities in terms of morphology and function are present in the trisomy 21 (T21) retina. To evaluate the consequences of chromosome aneuploidy on retina development, we identified the single-cell transcriptional profiles of a T21 fetus and performed comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. Our data revealed the diversity and heterogeneity of cellular compositions in T21 retina, as well as the abnormal constitution of T21 retina compared to disomic retina. In total, we identified seven major cell types and several subtypes within each cell type, followed by the detection of corresponding molecular markers, including previously reported ones and a series of novel markers. Through the analysis of the retinal differentiation process, subtypes of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) exhibiting the potential of different retinal cell-type commitments and certain Müller glial cells (MGs) with differentiating potency were identified. Moreover, the extensive communication networks between cellular types were confirmed, among which a few ligand–receptor interactions were related to the formation and function of retina and immunoregulatory interactions. Taken together, our data provides the first ever single-cell transcriptome profiles for human T21 retina, which facilitates the understanding on the dosage effects of chromosome 21 on the development of retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Hu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Juan Gao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Hai Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Hong Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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4
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Sun L, Cui R, Meng H, Liu X, Liu X, Lu Y, Liu K, Jia L, Zheng Y. Gene Suppression of the Chloride Channel 2 Suppressed TGF-β1-Induced Proliferation, Collagen Synthesis, and Collagen Gel Contraction Mediated by Conjunctival Fibroblasts. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:775-784. [PMID: 32235125 DOI: 10.1159/000507632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive scarring of filtering blebs is the main cause of surgical failure in glaucoma. Previous studies have highlighted the role of chloride channels (ClCs) in scar formation, whereas the role of ClCs in scarring of filtering blebs has not been studied. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the chloride channel 2 (ClC-2) on scar formation of filtering blebs after glaucoma filtering surgery. METHODS ClC-2 siRNA-transfected human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs) were cultured in type 1 collagen gels in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Collagen gel contraction was evaluated based on the gel area. 3D-cultured HConFs were treated with the ClC blocker NPPB in the presence of TGF-β1, and cell proliferation collagen synthesis and contractility were measured. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in HConFs were assessed by Western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, collagen synthesis, and collagen gel contraction in HConFs. TGF-β1 increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels but inhibited the expression of TIMPs. NPPB and ClC-2 siRNA transfection inhibited TGF-β2-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, collagen synthesis, and collagen gel contraction, mediated by HConFs. TGF-β2-induced increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also inhibited by NPPB and ClC-2 siRNA transfection, but TIMP expression was increased by NPPB and ClC-2 siRNA transfection. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that ClC-2 ClCs modulate TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and collagen gel contraction of HConFs by attenuating MMP-2 and MMP-9 production and by stimulating TIMP1 production. NPPB may therefore prove to be of clinical value for the inhibition of scar formation of filtering blebs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yanbian Social Mental Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Liang Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Siping Central Hospital, Siping, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Cali-Daylan AE, Dincer P. Gene co-expression network analysis of dysferlinopathy: Altered cellular processes and functional prediction of TOR1AIP1, a novel muscular dystrophy gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 27:269-277. [PMID: 28110863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy, caused by a dysferlin gene mutation, is a clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive muscle disease characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. The dysferlin protein's functions and dysferlinopathy disease pathogenesis are not fully explored, and there is no specific treatment available that can alter the disease progression. This study uses publicly available dysferlinopathy patient microarray data to construct a gene co-expression network and investigates significant cellular pathways and their key players in dysferlinopathy pathogenesis. Extracellular matrix deposition, inflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities and protein degradation were found to be important in dysferlinopathy. Out of the hub genes, OXR1 and TIMP1 were selected through literature search as candidate genes for possible biomarker and molecular therapeutic target studies. A recently identified muscular dystrophy gene TOR1AIP1 was detected as a hub gene in dysferlinopathy. Co-expression and protein sequence feature analysis were adopted to predict TOR1AIP1's function. Our results suggest that LAP1 protein encoded by TOR1AIP1 may play a role in protein degradation possibly through transcriptional regulation in muscle tissue. These findings extend dysferlinopathy pathogenesis by presenting key genes and also suggest a novel function for a poorly characterized gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ece Cali-Daylan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pervin Dincer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Lucia U, Ponzetto A, Deisboeck TS. Constructal approach to cell membranes transport: Amending the 'Norton-Simon' hypothesis for cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19451. [PMID: 26822208 PMCID: PMC4731791 DOI: 10.1038/srep19451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate biosystems, we propose a new thermodynamic concept that analyses ion, mass and energy flows across the cell membrane. This paradigm-shifting approach has a wide applicability to medically relevant topics including advancing cancer treatment. To support this claim, we revisit ‘Norton-Simon’ and evolving it from an already important anti-cancer hypothesis to a thermodynamic theorem in medicine. We confirm that an increase in proliferation and a reduction in apoptosis trigger a maximum of ATP consumption by the tumor cell. Moreover, we find that positive, membrane-crossing ions lead to a decrease in the energy used by the tumor, supporting the notion of their growth inhibitory effect while negative ions apparently increase the cancer’s consumption of energy hence reflecting a growth promoting impact. Our results not only represent a thermodynamic proof of the original Norton-Simon hypothesis but, more concretely, they also advance the clinically intriguing and experimentally testable, diagnostic hypothesis that observing an increase in negative ions inside a cell in vitro, and inside a diseased tissue in vivo, may indicate growth or recurrence of a tumor. We conclude with providing theoretical evidence that applying electromagnetic field therapy early on in the treatment cycle may maximize its anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas S Deisboeck
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,ThinkMotu LLC, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
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7
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Levin M. Molecular bioelectricity: how endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior and instruct pattern regulation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 25:3835-50. [PMID: 25425556 PMCID: PMC4244194 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-12-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to biochemical gradients and transcriptional networks, cell behavior is regulated by endogenous bioelectrical cues originating in the activity of ion channels and pumps, operating in a wide variety of cell types. Instructive signals mediated by changes in resting potential control proliferation, differentiation, cell shape, and apoptosis of stem, progenitor, and somatic cells. Of importance, however, cells are regulated not only by their own Vmem but also by the Vmem of their neighbors, forming networks via electrical synapses known as gap junctions. Spatiotemporal changes in Vmem distribution among nonneural somatic tissues regulate pattern formation and serve as signals that trigger limb regeneration, induce eye formation, set polarity of whole-body anatomical axes, and orchestrate craniofacial patterning. New tools for tracking and functionally altering Vmem gradients in vivo have identified novel roles for bioelectrical signaling and revealed the molecular pathways by which Vmem changes are transduced into cascades of downstream gene expression. Because channels and gap junctions are gated posttranslationally, bioelectrical networks have their own characteristic dynamics that do not reduce to molecular profiling of channel expression (although they couple functionally to transcriptional networks). The recent data provide an exciting opportunity to crack the bioelectric code, and learn to program cellular activity at the level of organs, not only cell types. The understanding of how patterning information is encoded in bioelectrical networks, which may require concepts from computational neuroscience, will have transformative implications for embryogenesis, regeneration, cancer, and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155-4243
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8
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Flores-Téllez TNJ, Lopez TV, Vásquez Garzón VR, Villa-Treviño S. Co-Expression of Ezrin-CLIC5-Podocalyxin Is Associated with Migration and Invasiveness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131605. [PMID: 26135398 PMCID: PMC4489913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Prognostic markers are important for predicting the progression and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ezrin (EZR) and Podocalyxin (PODXL) are proteins associated with invasion, migration and poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Recently, it has been observed that chloride intracellular channel 5 (CLIC5) forms a complex with EZR and PODXL and that it is required for podocyte structure and function. In this study, we evaluated the overexpression of EZR, PODXL and CLIC5 in HCC. Methods The modified resistant hepatocyte model (MRHR), human biopsies and HCC cell lines (HepG2, Huh7 and SNU387) were used in this study. Gene and protein expression levels were evaluated in the MRHR by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses, and protein expression in the human biopsies was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression in the HCC cell lines was evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot, also the migration and invasive abilities of Huh7 cells were evaluated using shRNA-mediated inhibition. Results Our results indicated that these genes and proteins were overexpressed in HCC. Moreover, when the expression of CLIC5 and PODXL was inhibited in Huh7 cells, we observed decreased migration and invasion. Conclusion This study suggested that EZR, CLIC5 and PODXL could be biological markers to predict the prognosis of HCC and that these proteins participate in migration and invasion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita N. J. Flores-Téllez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México 14, CP 07360, México, Distrito Federal
| | - Tania V. Lopez
- Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610 Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal
- * E-mail: (TVL); (SVT)
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez Garzón
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Benito Juárez de Oaxaca. Av Universidad S/N, Col. 5 Señores. C.P. 68120, México, Oaxaca
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México 14, CP 07360, México, Distrito Federal
- * E-mail: (TVL); (SVT)
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9
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Levin M. Reprogramming cells and tissue patterning via bioelectrical pathways: molecular mechanisms and biomedical opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 5:657-76. [PMID: 23897652 PMCID: PMC3841289 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transformative impact in regenerative medicine requires more than the reprogramming of individual cells: advances in repair strategies for birth defects or injuries, tumor normalization, and the construction of bioengineered organs and tissues all require the ability to control large-scale anatomical shape. Much recent work has focused on the transcriptional and biochemical regulation of cell behavior and morphogenesis. However, exciting new data reveal that bioelectrical properties of cells and their microenvironment exert a profound influence on cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Ion channels and pumps expressed in all cells, not just excitable nerve and muscle, establish resting potentials that vary across tissues and change with significant developmental events. Most importantly, the spatiotemporal gradients of these endogenous transmembrane voltage potentials (Vmem ) serve as instructive patterning cues for large-scale anatomy, providing organ identity, positional information, and prepattern template cues for morphogenesis. New genetic and pharmacological techniques for molecular modulation of bioelectric gradients in vivo have revealed the ability to initiate complex organogenesis, change tissue identity, and trigger regeneration of whole vertebrate appendages. A large segment of the spatial information processing that orchestrates individual cells' programs toward the anatomical needs of the host organism is electrical; this blurs the line between memory and decision-making in neural networks and morphogenesis in nonneural tissues. Advances in cracking this bioelectric code will enable the rational reprogramming of shape in whole tissues and organs, revolutionizing regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Tufts University, Department of Biology and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155
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10
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D'Angelo MA, Gomez-Cavazos JS, Mei A, Lackner DH, Hetzer MW. A change in nuclear pore complex composition regulates cell differentiation. Dev Cell 2012; 22:446-58. [PMID: 22264802 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are built from ∼30 different proteins called nucleoporins or Nups. Previous studies have shown that several Nups exhibit cell-type-specific expression and that mutations in NPC components result in tissue-specific diseases. Here we show that a specific change in NPC composition is required for both myogenic and neuronal differentiation. The transmembrane nucleoporin Nup210 is absent in proliferating myoblasts and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but becomes expressed and incorporated into NPCs during cell differentiation. Preventing Nup210 production by RNAi blocks myogenesis and the differentiation of ESCs into neuroprogenitors. We found that the addition of Nup210 to NPCs does not affect nuclear transport but is required for the induction of genes that are essential for cell differentiation. Our results identify a single change in NPC composition as an essential step in cell differentiation and establish a role for Nup210 in gene expression regulation and cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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11
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Levin M. Molecular bioelectricity in developmental biology: new tools and recent discoveries: control of cell behavior and pattern formation by transmembrane potential gradients. Bioessays 2012; 34:205-17. [PMID: 22237730 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress in the molecular investigation of endogenous bioelectric signals during pattern formation in growing tissues has been enabled by recently developed techniques. Ion flows and voltage gradients produced by ion channels and pumps are key regulators of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Now, instructive roles for bioelectrical gradients in embryogenesis, regeneration, and neoplasm are being revealed through the use of fluorescent voltage reporters and functional experiments using well-characterized channel mutants. Transmembrane voltage gradients (V(mem) ) determine anatomical polarity and function as master regulators during appendage regeneration and embryonic left-right patterning. A state-of-the-art recent study reveals that they can also serve as prepatterns for gene expression domains during craniofacial patterning. Continued development of novel tools and better ways to think about physical controls of cell-cell interactions will lead to mastery of the morphogenetic information stored in physiological networks. This will enable fundamental advances in basic understanding of growth and form, as well as transformative biomedical applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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12
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Stanich JE, Gibbons SJ, Eisenman ST, Bardsley MR, Rock JR, Harfe BD, Ordog T, Farrugia G. Ano1 as a regulator of proliferation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G1044-51. [PMID: 21940901 PMCID: PMC3233782 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00196.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ano1 is a recently discovered Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel expressed on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that has been implicated in slow-wave activity in the gut. However, Ano1 is expressed on all classes of ICC, even those that do not contribute to generation of the slow wave, suggesting that Ano1 may have an alternate function in these cells. Ano1 is also highly expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mice lacking Ano1 had fewer proliferating ICC in whole mount preparations and in culture, raising the possibility that Ano1 is involved in proliferation. Cl(-) channel blockers decreased proliferation in cells expressing Ano1, including primary cultures of ICC and in the pancreatic cancer-derived cell line, CFPAC-1. Cl(-) channel blockers had a reduced effect on Ano1(-/-) cultures, confirming that the blockers are acting on Ano1. Ki67 immunoreactivity, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, and cell-cycle analysis of cells grown in low-Cl(-) media showed fewer proliferating cells than in cultures grown in regular medium. We confirmed that mice lacking Ano1 had less phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein compared with controls. These data led us to conclude that Ano1 regulates proliferation at the G(1)/S transition of the cell cycle and may play a role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Stanich
- 1Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Simon J. Gibbons
- 1Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Seth T. Eisenman
- 1Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Michael R. Bardsley
- 1Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Jason R. Rock
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
| | - Brian D. Harfe
- 4Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tamas Ordog
- 1Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- 1Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and ,2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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