High-affinity interaction of long-chain fatty acids with serum albumin in nephrotic syndrome

Fatty Acids in Nephrotic Syndrome and Chronic Kidney Disease

The role of fatty acids (FAs) in inflammation and in the related chronic diseases has been demonstrated. However, there is a lack of consistent and agreed knowledge about the role of FA profile and renal physiology and pathology, most articles focusing on the effect of polyunsaturated FAs supplementation, without considering the impact of basal FA metabolism on the efficacy of the supplementation. Here, we have summarized the specific literature concerning the assessment of circulating FA in 2 renal diseases, namely nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease, also under hemodialytic treatment, and have received the most significant contributions in the last years. The effects of changes of FA profile and metabolism and the possible involvement of polyunsaturated FA metabolites in raising and modulating inflammation are discussed.

Nephrotic syndrome: components, connections, and angiopoietin-like 4-related therapeutics

Nephrotic syndrome is recognized by the presence of proteinuria in excess of 3.5 g/24 h along with hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia), and lipiduria. Each component has been investigated individually over the past four decades with some success. Studies published recently have started unraveling the molecular basis of proteinuria and its relationship with other components. We now have improved understanding of the threshold for nephrotic-range proteinuria and the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia. These studies reveal that modifying sialylation of the soluble glycoprotein angiopoietin-like 4 or changing key amino acids in its sequence can be used successfully to treat proteinuria. Treatment strategies on the basis of fundamental relationships among different components of nephrotic syndrome use naturally occurring pathways and have great potential for future development into clinically relevant therapeutic agents.

Nephrotic syndrome: components, connections, and angiopoietin-like 4-related therapeutics

Nephrotic syndrome is recognized by the presence of proteinuria in excess of 3.5 g/24 h along with hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia), and lipiduria. Each component has been investigated individually over the past four decades with some success. Studies published recently have started unraveling the molecular basis of proteinuria and its relationship with other components. We now have improved understanding of the threshold for nephrotic-range proteinuria and the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia. These studies reveal that modifying sialylation of the soluble glycoprotein angiopoietin-like 4 or changing key amino acids in its sequence can be used successfully to treat proteinuria. Treatment strategies on the basis of fundamental relationships among different components of nephrotic syndrome use naturally occurring pathways and have great potential for future development into clinically relevant therapeutic agents.