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Kaan ED, Brunekreef TE, Drylewicz J, van den Hoogen LL, van der Linden M, Leavis HL, van Laar JM, van der Vlist M, Otten HG, Limper M. Association of autoantibodies with the IFN signature and NETosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 9:100246. [PMID: 39027720 PMCID: PMC11254743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2024.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a variety of disease symptoms and an unpredictable clinical course. To improve treatment outcome, stratification based on immunological manifestations commonly seen in patients with SLE such as autoantibodies, type I interferon (IFN) signature and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release may help. It is assumed that there is an association between these immunological phenomena, since NET release induces IFN production and IFN induces autoantibody formation via B-cell activation. Here we studied the association between autoantibodies, the IFN signature, NET release, and clinical manifestations in patients with SLE. Methods We performed principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering of 57 SLE-related autoantibodies in 25 patients with SLE. We correlated each autoantibody to the IFN signature and NET inducing capacity. Results We observed two distinct clusters: one cluster contained mostly patients with a high IFN signature. Patients in this cluster often present with cutaneous lupus, and have higher anti-dsDNA concentrations. Another cluster contained a mix of patients with a high and low IFN signature. Patients with high and low NET inducing capacity were equally distributed between the clusters. Variance between the clusters is mainly driven by antibodies against histones, RibP2, RibP0, EphB2, RibP1, PCNA, dsDNA, and nucleosome. In addition, we found a trend towards increased concentrations of autoantibodies against EphB2, RibP1, and RNP70 in patients with an IFN signature. We found a negative correlation of NET inducing capacity with anti-FcER (r = -0.530; p = 0.007) and anti-PmScl100 (r = -0.445; p = 0.03). Conclusion We identified a subgroup of patients with an IFN signature that express increased concentrations of antibodies against DNA and RNA-binding proteins, which can be useful for further patient stratification and a more targeted therapy. We did not find positive associations between autoantibodies and NET inducing capacity. Our study further strengthens the evidence of a correlation between RNA-binding autoantibodies and the IFN signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen D. Kaan
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tammo E. Brunekreef
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas L. van den Hoogen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Linden
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen L. Leavis
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob M. van Laar
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel van der Vlist
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henny G. Otten
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Limper
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Guo P, Chen L, Yang D, Zhang L, Shu C, Li H, Zhu J, Zhou J, Li X. Predictive value of plasma ephrinB2 levels for amputation risk following endovascular revascularization in peripheral artery disease. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17531. [PMID: 38854794 PMCID: PMC11162178 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the expression levels of ephrinB2 in patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and explore its association with the severity of the disease and the risk of amputation after endovascular revascularization. Methods During the period from March 2021 to March 2023, this study collected blood samples and clinical data from 133 patients diagnosed with lower extremity PAD and 51 healthy volunteer donors. The severity of lower extremity PAD patients was classified using the Rutherford categories. The expression of ephrin-B2 in plasma samples was detected using the Western Blotting. Results Compared to the control group, the levels of serum ephrinB2 in patients were significantly elevated (p < 0.001). Moreover, the plasma EphrinB2 levels were positively correlated with white blood cell counts (r = 0.204, p = 0.018), neutrophil counts (r = 0.174, p = 0.045), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r = 0.223, p = 0.009). Furthermore, the AUCs of plasma ephrinB2 level, NLR, and their combination as predictors for amputation events within 30 months after lower extremity PAD endovascular revascularization were 0.659, 0.730 and 0.811. In the high-ephrinB2 group, the incidence of amputation events within 30 months after endovascular revascularization was higher. Conclusions Plasma EphrinB2 levels may be linked to lower extremity PAD development, inflammation, and postoperative amputation. Combining EphrinB2 and NLR can improve amputation prediction accuracy after endovascular revascularization in lower extremity PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Guo
- Vascular Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Pharmacy Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Cardiology Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Vascular Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Vascular Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huande Li
- Pharmacy Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jieting Zhu
- Vascular Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan, China
| | - Jienan Zhou
- Vascular Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Vascular Surgery Department, the Secondary Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan, China
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3
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Cellular Crosstalk between Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Wall Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147284. [PMID: 34298897 PMCID: PMC8306829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological vascular wall remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the vessel wall that occur in response to injury that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vessel wall are composed of two major primary cells types, endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The physiological communications between these two cell types (EC–VSMCs) are crucial in the development of the vasculature and in the homeostasis of mature vessels. Moreover, aberrant EC–VSMCs communication has been associated to the promotor of various disease states including vascular wall remodeling. Paracrine regulations by bioactive molecules, communication via direct contact (junctions) or information transfer via extracellular vesicles or extracellular matrix are main crosstalk mechanisms. Identification of the nature of this EC–VSMCs crosstalk may offer strategies to develop new insights for prevention and treatment of disease that curse with vascular remodeling. Here, we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMCs. Additionally, we highlight the potential applicable methodologies of the co-culture systems to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pathological vascular wall remodeling, opening questions about the future research directions.
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Detection of pro angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CKD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8786. [PMID: 33888746 PMCID: PMC8062467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with native and post-transplant chronic kidney disease (CKD). To identify new biomarkers of vascular injury and inflammation, we analyzed the proteome of plasma and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in native and post-transplant CKD patients utilizing an aptamer-based assay. Proteins of angiogenesis were significantly higher in native and post-transplant CKD patients versus healthy controls. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) indicated Ephrin receptor signaling, serine biosynthesis, and transforming growth factor-β as the top pathways activated in both CKD groups. Pro-inflammatory proteins were significantly higher only in the EVs of native CKD patients. IPA indicated acute phase response signaling, insulin-like growth factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 pathway activation. These data indicate that pathways of angiogenesis and inflammation are activated in CKD patients' plasma and EVs, respectively. The pathways common in both native and post-transplant CKD may signal similar mechanisms of CVD.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular pathologies are often induced by inflammation. The associated changes in the inflammatory response influence vascular endothelial biology; they complicate the extent of ischaemia and reperfusion injury, direct the migration of immune competent cells and activate platelets. The initiation and progression of inflammation is regulated by the classical paradigm through the system of cytokines and chemokines. Therapeutic approaches have previously used this knowledge to control the extent of cardiovascular changes with varying degrees of success. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have emerged in recent years and have been shown to be significantly involved in the control of tissue inflammation and the mechanisms of immune cell activation. Therefore, proteins of this class might be used in the future as targets to control the extent of inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we describe the role of NGPs during cardiovascular inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic options that could be explored in the future.
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Vreeken D, Zhang H, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. Ephs and Ephrins in Adult Endothelial Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165623. [PMID: 32781521 PMCID: PMC7460586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are important guidance molecules during neurological and vascular development. In recent years, it has become clear that the Eph protein family remains functional in adult physiology. A subset of Ephs and ephrins is highly expressed by endothelial cells. As endothelial cells form the first barrier between the blood and surrounding tissues, maintenance of a healthy endothelium is crucial for tissue homeostasis. This review gives an overview of the current insights of the role of ephrin ligands and receptors in endothelial function and leukocyte recruitment in the (patho)physiology of adult vascular biology.
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London M, Gallo E. Critical role of EphA3 in cancer and current state of EphA3 drug therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5523-5533. [PMID: 32621117 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptors are transmembrane glycoprotein members of the tyrosine kinase receptors family. The Ephs may bind to various ephrin ligands resulting in the phosphorylation of their tyrosine kinase domain and the activation of the Eph receptor. In this review we focus on EphA3, one receptor of the 14 different Ephs, as it carries out both redundant and restricted functions in the germline development of mammals and in the maintenance of various adult tissues. The loss of EphA3 regulation is correlated with various human malignancies, the most notable being cancer. This receptor is overexpressed and/or mutated in multiple tumors, and is also associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival in patients. Here we highlight the role of EphA3 in normal and malignant tissues that are specific to cancer; these include hematologic disorders, gastric cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer. Moreover, various anticancer agents against EphA3 have been developed to either inhibit its kinase domain activity or to function as agonists. Thus, we examine the most potent small molecule drugs and mAb-based therapeutics against EphA3 that are currently in pre-clinical or clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max London
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Eugenio Gallo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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8
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Vreeken D, Bruikman CS, Cox SML, Zhang H, Lalai R, Koudijs A, van Zonneveld AJ, Hovingh GK, van Gils JM. EPH receptor B2 stimulates human monocyte adhesion and migration independently of its EphrinB ligands. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:999-1011. [PMID: 32337793 PMCID: PMC7496365 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0320-283rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of atherosclerosis is not fully understood and mice studies have shown that Ephrins and EPH receptors play a role in the atherosclerotic process. We set out to assess the role for monocytic EPHB2 and its Ephrin ligands in human atherosclerosis and show a role for EPHB2 in monocyte functions independently of its EphrinB ligands. Immunohistochemical staining of human aortic sections at different stages of atherosclerosis showed that EPHB2 and its ligand EphrinB are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and that expression proportionally increases with plaque severity. Functionally, stimulation with EPHB2 did not affect endothelial barrier function, nor did stimulation with EphrinB1 or EphrinB2 affect monocyte‐endothelial interactions. In contrast, reduced expression of EPHB2 in monocytes resulted in decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and a decrease in monocyte transmigration, mediated by an altered morphology and a decreased ability to phosphorylate FAK. Our results suggest that EPHB2 expression in monocytes results in monocyte accumulation by virtue of an increase of transendothelial migration, which can subsequently contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Vreeken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Suzanne Bruikman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Martinus Leonardus Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reshma Lalai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Koudijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Kornelis Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Maria van Gils
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Darling TK, Lamb TJ. Emerging Roles for Eph Receptors and Ephrin Ligands in Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1473. [PMID: 31333644 PMCID: PMC6620610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases and mediate a myriad of essential processes in humans from embryonic development to adult tissue homeostasis through interactions with membrane-bound ephrin ligands. The ubiquitous expression of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands among the cellular players of the immune system underscores the importance of these molecules in orchestrating an optimal immune response. This review provides an overview of the various roles of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands in immune cell development, activation, and migration. We also discuss the role of Eph receptors in disease pathogenesis as well as the implications of Eph receptors as future immunotherapy targets. Given the diverse and critical roles of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands throughout the immune system during both resting and activated states, this review aims to highlight the critical yet underappreciated roles of this family of signaling molecules in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayer K Darling
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Ernst AS, Böhler LI, Hagenston AM, Hoffmann A, Heiland S, Sticht C, Bendszus M, Hecker M, Bading H, Marti HH, Korff T, Kunze R. EphB2-dependent signaling promotes neuronal excitotoxicity and inflammation in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 30722785 PMCID: PMC6362601 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Local cerebral hypoperfusion causes ischemic stroke while driving multiple cell-specific responses including inflammation, glutamate-induced neurotoxicity mediated via NMDAR, edema formation and angiogenesis. Despite the relevance of these pathophysiological mechanisms for disease progression and outcome, molecular determinants controlling the onset of these processes are only partially understood. In this context, our study intended to investigate the functional role of EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is crucial for synapse function and binds to membrane-associated ephrin-B ligands. Cerebral ischemia was induced in Ephb2−/− mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by different times (6, 12, 24 and 48 h) of reperfusion. Histological, neurofunctional and transcriptome analyses indicated an increase in EphB2 phosphorylation under these conditions and attenuated progression of stroke in Ephb2−/− mice. Moreover, while infiltration of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes into the peri-infarct region was not altered, expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1 and IL-6 was decreased in these mice. In vitro analyses indicated that binding of EphB2 to astrocytic ephrin-B ligands stimulates NF-κB-mediated cytokine expression via the MAPK pathway. Further magnetic resonance imaging of the Ephb2−/− ischemic brain revealed a lower level of cytotoxic edema formation within 6 h upon onset of reperfusion. On the mechanistic level, absence of neuronal EphB2 decreased the mitochondrial Ca2+ load upon specific activation of NMDAR but not during synaptic activity. Furthermore, neuron-specific loss of ephrin-B2 reduced the extent of cerebral tissue damage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Collectively, EphB2 may promote the immediate response to an ischemia-reperfusion event in the central nervous system by (i) pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes via ephrin-B-dependent signaling and (ii) amplification of NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity.
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Li M, Qian M, Kyler K, Xu J. Endothelial-Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Interactions in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:151. [PMID: 30406116 PMCID: PMC6207093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory process that can eventually lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite available treatment, the prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD, which has become the leading cause of death worldwide, persists. Identification of new mechanisms of atherogenesis are highly needed in order to develop an effective therapeutic treatment. The blood vessels contain two primary major cell types: endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Each of these performs an essential function in sustaining vascular homeostasis. EC-VSMC communication is essential not only to development, but also to the homeostasis of mature blood vessels. Aberrant EC-VSMC interaction could promote atherogenesis. Identification of the mode of EC-VSMC crosstalk that regulates vascular functionality and sustains homeostasis may offer strategic insights for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD. Here we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMC that could contribute to atherosclerosis. We also highlight open questions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Kyler
- Office of Research Administration, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
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Liu H, Devraj K, Möller K, Liebner S, Hecker M, Korff T. EphrinB-mediated reverse signalling controls junctional integrity and pro-inflammatory differentiation of endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:151-63. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-12-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe EphB/ephrinB receptor-ligand system is pivotal for the development of the embryonic vasculature and for angiogenesis in the adult organism. We observed that (i) the expression of ephrinB2 and ephrinB1 is up-regulated in capillaries during inflammation, that (ii) these ligands are localised on the luminal endothelial surface, and that (iii) they interact with the ephrinB-receptor EphB2 on monocyte/macrophages. This study delineates the impact of ephrinB-mediated reverse signalling on the integrity and proinflammatory differentiation of the endothelium. To this end, in vitro analyses with human cultured endothelial cells reveal that knockdown of ephrinB2 or ephrinB1 impairs monocyte transmigration through the endothelium. While ephrinB2 but not ephrinB1 interacts with PECAM-1 (CD31) in this context, reverse signalling by ephrinB1 but not ephrinB2 elicits a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent up-regulation of E-selectin expression. Furthermore, treatment of endothelial cells with soluble EphB2 receptor bodies or EphB2-overexpressing mouse myeloma cells links ephrinB2 to PECAM-1 and induces its Src-dependent phosphorylation while diminishing Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) activity and increasing endothelial cell permeability. We conclude that extravasation of EphB2 positive leukocyte populations is facilitated by lowering the integrity of endothelial cell junctions and enhancing the pro-inflammatory phenotype of the endothelium through activation of ephrinB ligands.
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Eriksson O, Ramström M, Hörnaeus K, Bergquist J, Mokhtari D, Siegbahn A. The Eph tyrosine kinase receptors EphB2 and EphA2 are novel proteolytic substrates of tissue factor/coagulation factor VIIa. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32379-91. [PMID: 25281742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.599332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) binds the serine protease factor VIIa (FVIIa) to form a proteolytically active complex that can trigger coagulation or activate cell signaling. Here we addressed the involvement of tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) in TF/FVIIa signaling by antibody array analysis and subsequently found that EphB2 and EphA2 of the Eph RTK family were cleaved in their ectodomains by TF/FVIIa. We used N-terminal Edman sequencing and LC-MS/MS analysis to characterize the cleaved Eph isoforms and identified a key arginine residue at the cleavage site, in agreement with the tryptic serine protease activity of FVIIa. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling and downstream coagulation activity was non-essential in this context, in further support of a direct cleavage by TF/FVIIa. EphB2 was cleaved by FVIIa concentrations in the subnanomolar range in a number of TF expressing cell types, indicating that the active cellular pool of TF was involved. FVIIa caused potentiation of cell repulsion by the EphB2 ligand ephrin-B1, demonstrating a novel proteolytical event to control Eph-mediated cell segregation. These results define Eph RTKs as novel proteolytical targets of TF/FVIIa and provide new insights into how TF/FVIIa regulates cellular functions independently of PAR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Eriksson
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ramström
- the Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hörnaeus
- the Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- the Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Dariush Mokhtari
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
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14
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A novel role for adipose ephrin-B1 in inflammatory response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76199. [PMID: 24098442 PMCID: PMC3787942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ephrin-B1 (EfnB1) was selected among genes of unknown function in adipocytes or adipose tissue and subjected to thorough analysis to understand its role in the development of obesity. Methods and Results EfnB1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in adipose tissues of obese mice and such reduction was mainly observed in mature adipocytes. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and their culture with RAW264.7 cells reduced EFNB1 levels. Knockdown of adipose EFNB1 increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) mRNA level and augmented the TNF-α-mediated THP-1 monocyte adhesion to adipocytes. Adenovirus-mediated adipose EFNB1-overexpression significantly reduced the increase in Mcp-1 mRNA level induced by coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with RAW264.7 cells. Monocyte adherent assay showed that adipose EfnB1-overexpression significantly decreased the increase of monocyte adhesion by coculture with RAW264.7 cells. TNF-α-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was reduced by EFNB1-overexpression. Conclusions EFNB1 contributes to the suppression of adipose inflammatory response. In obesity, reduction of adipose EFNB1 may accelerate the vicious cycle involved in adipose tissue inflammation.
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Jellinghaus S, Poitz DM, Ende G, Augstein A, Weinert S, Stütz B, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Pasquale EB, Strasser RH. Ephrin-A1/EphA4-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2201-11. [PMID: 23707953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Eph receptors represent the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Both Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are cell-surface proteins, and they typically mediate cell-to-cell communication by interacting at sites of intercellular contact. The major aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of EphA4-ephrin-A1 interaction in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, as this process is a crucial step during the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic plaque. Immunohistochemical analysis of human atherosclerotic plaques revealed expression of EphA4 receptor and ephrin-A1 ligand in major cell types within the plaque. Short-time stimulation of endothelial cells with the soluble ligand ephrin-A1 leads to a fourfold increase in adhesion of human monocytes to endothelial cells. In addition, ephrin-A1 further increases monocyte adhesion to already inflamed endothelial cells. EphrinA1 mediates its effect on monocyte adhesion via the activated receptor EphA4. This ephrinA1/EphA4 induced process involves the activation of the Rho signaling pathway and does not require active transcription. Rho activation downstream of EphA4 leads to increased polymerization of actin filaments in endothelial cells. This process was shown to be crucial for the proadhesive effect of ephrin-A1. The results of the present study show that ephrin-A1-induced EphA4 forward signaling promotes monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via activation of RhoA and subsequent stress-fiber formation by a non-transcriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jellinghaus
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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Funk SD, Orr AW. Ephs and ephrins resurface in inflammation, immunity, and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2013; 67:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Expression and Function of Ephrin-B1 and Its Cognate Receptor EphB2 in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:127149. [PMID: 22830028 PMCID: PMC3398656 DOI: 10.1155/2012/127149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the expression of ephrin-B1 and its cognate receptor EphB2, key regulators of angiogenesis and embryogenesis, in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and analyzed their functional roles in cell migration. From 10 patients (9 males and 1 female; age, 68.5 ± 2.4) who underwent vascular surgery for AAA, we obtained AAA and adjacent control tissues. Using real-time RT-PCR, we analyzed expression of ephrin-B1 and EphB2. We also histologically localized these molecules in AAA tissues. Finally, effects of ephrin-B1 and EphB2 on inflammatory cell chemotaxis were examined by cell migration assay. Expression levels of ephrin-B1 (0.410 ± 0.046 versus 1.198 ± 0.252, P = 0.027) and EphB2 (0.764 ± 0.212 versus 1.272 ± 0.137, P = 0.594) were higher in AAA than normal control. Both ephrin-B1 and EphB2 were expressed in macrophages, T lymphocytes, and endothelial cells within AAA. In chemotaxis assay, ephrin-B1 and EphB2 inhibited mononuclear-cell chemotaxis induced by stromal derived factor-1 down to 54.7 ± 12.7% (P = 0.01) and 50.7 ± 13.1% (P = 0.01), respectively. These data suggest that ephrin-B1 and EphB2 might be functional in human adult inflammatory cells and involved in the pathogenesis of AAA, although specific roles of these molecules should further be sought.
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Funk SD, Yurdagul A, Albert P, Traylor JG, Jin L, Chen J, Orr AW. EphA2 activation promotes the endothelial cell inflammatory response: a potential role in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:686-95. [PMID: 22247258 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.242792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cell activation results in altered cell-cell interactions with adjacent endothelial cells and with infiltrating leukocytes. Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands regulate cell-cell interactions during tissue remodeling, and multiple proinflammatory mediators induce endothelial EphA receptor and ephrinA ligand expression. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the role of EphA receptors and ephrinA ligands in endothelial cell activation and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction screening for EphA/ephrinA expression in atherosclerosis-prone macrovascular endothelium identified EphA2, EphA4, and ephrinA1 as the dominant isoforms. Endothelial activation with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and proinflammatory cytokines induced EphA2 and ephrinA1 expression and sustained EphA2 activation, whereas EphA4 expression was unaffected. Atherosclerotic plaques from mice and humans showed enhanced EphA2 and ephrinA1 expression colocalizing in the endothelial cell layer. EphA2 activation with recombinant Fc-ephrinA1 induced proinflammatory gene expression (eg vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin) and stimulated monocyte adhesion, whereas inhibiting EphA2 (small interfering RNA, pharmacological inhibitors) abrogated both ephrinA1-induced and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. CONCLUSION The current data suggest that enhanced EphA2 signaling during endothelial cell activation perpetuates proinflammatory gene expression. Coupled with EphA2 expression in mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques, these data implicate EphA2 as a novel proinflammatory mediator and potential regulator of atherosclerotic plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daniel Funk
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 King's Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Ning R, Zhang X, Guo X, Li Q. Staphylococcus aureus regulates secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through activation of nuclear factor kappaB signaling pathway in human osteoblasts. Braz J Infect Dis 2011; 15:189-94. [PMID: 21670915 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(11)70173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of nuclear factor kappaB by diverse bacteria regulates the secretion of chemokines and cytokines. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected osteoblasts can significantly increase the secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The aim of this study was to investigate whether S. aureus can activate nuclear factor kappaB in human osteoblasts, and whether the activation of nuclear factor kappaB by S. aureus regulates the secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. METHODS Immunoblot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to detect the degradation of IκBa and activation of nuclear factor kappaB in human osteoblasts in response to S. aureus, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the supernatants. Lastly, carbobenzoxyl-l-leucinyl-l-leucinyl-l-leucinal, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappaB, was used to determine if activation of nuclear factor kappaB by S. aureus in human osteoblasts regulates the secretions of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. RESULTS Our results for the first time demonstrated that S. aureus can induce the degradation of IκBa and activation of nuclear factor kappaB in human osteoblasts in a time and dose-dependent manner. In addition, inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by carbobenzoxyl-l-leucinyl-l-leucinyl-l-leucinal suppressed the secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the supernatants of S. aureus-infected human osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that S. aureus can activate nuclear factor kappaB in human osteoblasts, and subsequently regulate the secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The nuclear factor kappaB transcription factor regulates a number of genes involved in a wide variety of biological processes. Further study of the effects of nuclear factor kappaB activation on S. aureus-infected human osteoblast may provide us new insights into discovery of the immune mechanisms in osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rende Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Maddigan A, Truitt L, Arsenault R, Freywald T, Allonby O, Dean J, Narendran A, Xiang J, Weng A, Napper S, Freywald A. EphB receptors trigger Akt activation and suppress Fas receptor-induced apoptosis in malignant T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5983-94. [PMID: 22039307 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of hematopoietic malignancies often requires allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and the subsequent graft-versus-leukemia response is crucial for the elimination of malignant cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells responsible for the immunoelimination express Fas ligand and strongly rely on the induction of Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis for their action. Although cancer cells are removed successfully by graft-versus-leukemia reactions in myeloid malignancies, their efficiency is low in T cell leukemias. This may be partially because of the ability of malignant T cells to escape apoptosis. Our work shows that Eph family receptor EphB3 is consistently expressed by malignant T lymphocytes, most frequently in combination with EphB6, and that stimulation with their common ligands, ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2, strongly suppresses Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells. This effect is associated with Akt activation and with the inhibition of the Fas receptor-initiated caspase proteolytic cascade. Akt proved to be crucial for the prosurvival response, because inhibition of Akt, but not of other molecules central to T cell biology, including Src kinases, MEK1 and MEK2, blocked the antiapoptotic effect. Overall, this demonstrates a new role for EphB receptors in the protection of malignant T cells from Fas-induced apoptosis through Akt engagement and prevention of caspase activation. Because Fas-triggered apoptosis is actively involved in the graft-versus-leukemia response and cytotoxic T cells express ephrin-Bs, our observations suggest that EphB receptors are likely to support immunoevasivenes of T cell malignancies and may represent promising targets for therapies, aiming to enhance immunoelimination of cancerous T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Maddigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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Sakamoto A, Sugamoto Y, Tokunaga Y, Yoshimuta T, Hayashi K, Konno T, Kawashiri MA, Takeda Y, Yamagishi M. Expression profiling of the ephrin (EFN) and Eph receptor (EPH) family of genes in atherosclerosis-related human cells. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:522-7. [PMID: 21672356 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin B1 and its cognate receptor, Eph receptor B2, key regulators of embryogenesis, are expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque and inhibit adult human monocyte chemotaxis. Few data exist, however, regarding the gene expression profiles of the ephrin (EFN) and Eph receptor (EPH) family of genes in atherosclerosis-related human cells. Gene expression profiles were determined of all 21 members of this gene family in atherosclerosis-related cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The following 17 members were detected in adult human peripheral blood monocytes: EFNA1 and EFNA3 - EFNA5 (coding for ephrins A1 and A3 - A5); EPHA1, EPHA2, EPHA4 - EPHA6 and EPHA8 (coding for Eph receptors A1, A2, A4 - A6 and A8); EFNB1 and EFNB2 (coding for ephrins B1 and B2); and EPHB1 - EPHB4 and EPHB6 (coding for Eph receptors B1 - B4 and B6). THP-1 monocytic cells, Jurkat T cells and adult arterial endothelial cells also expressed multiple EFN and EPH genes. These results indicate that a wide variety of ephrins and Eph receptors might affect monocyte chemotaxis, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Their pathological significance requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sakamoto
- Division of Vascular Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Sakamoto A, Sugamoto Y. Identification of a novel aldose reductase-like gene upregulated in the failing heart of cardiomyopathic hamster. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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