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Asunción-Alvarez D, Palacios J, Ybañez-Julca RO, Rodriguez-Silva CN, Nwokocha C, Cifuentes F, Greensmith DJ. Calcium signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells: sex differences and the influence of estrogens and androgens. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H950-H970. [PMID: 38334967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00600.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is essential for the regulation of vascular tone. However, the changes to intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are often influenced by sex differences. Furthermore, a large body of evidence shows that sex hormone imbalance leads to dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling and this is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the effects of estrogens and androgens on vascular calcium-handling proteins are discussed, with emphasis on the associated genomic or nongenomic molecular mechanisms. The experimental models from which data were collected were also considered. The review highlights 1) in female ECs, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) enhance Ca2+-dependent nitric oxide (NO) generation. In males, only transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) plays a fundamental role in this effect. 2) Female VSMCs have lower cytosolic Ca2+ levels than males due to differences in the activity and expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1), calcium voltage-gated channel subunit-α1C (CaV1.2), Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter (NKCC1), and the Na+/K+-ATPase. 3) When compared with androgens, the influence of estrogens on Ca2+ homeostasis, vascular tone, and incidence of vascular disease is better documented. 4) Many studies use supraphysiological concentrations of sex hormones, which may limit the physiological relevance of outcomes. 5) Sex-dependent differences in Ca2+ signaling mean both sexes ought to be included in experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Asunción-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Roberto O Ybañez-Julca
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Cristhian N Rodriguez-Silva
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EphyL), Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - David J Greensmith
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Xiao B, Zhao Y, Wang KK, Yang XC, Hu HJ, Li Y, Xu YF, Zhang ZT, Wang S, Lu JC. Inhibition of the STIM1/Orai1 Signaling Pathway by Glycine Betaine Mitigates Myocardial Hypertrophy in Spontaneous Hypertension Rats. Cardiol Res 2023; 14:453-463. [PMID: 38187515 PMCID: PMC10769612 DOI: 10.14740/cr1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneous hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases morbidity and mortality. Glycine betaine (GB) is a natural vitamin that has the potential to lower blood pressure. This work attempted to investigate the role and mechanisms of GB in spontaneous hypertension. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were administrated with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of GB by gavage or combined with by injection of lentivirus-mediated STIM1 overexpression vector. The heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) of rats were monitored. The pathological changes in myocardium were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. The expression of genes and proteins was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results GB at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the HR, SBP, DBP and HW/BW in SHRs. GB decreased the cross-sectional area and fibrotic area in the myocardium and downregulated the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) in the myocardium of SHRs. It indicated that GB treatment effectively alleviated myocardial hypertrophy in SHRs. Additionally, GB treatment repressed the expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1) in the myocardium of SHRs. STIM1 overexpression reversed GB treatment-mediated inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy in SHRs. Conclusions In conclusion, GB repressed STIM1/Orai1 signaling pathway, which contributed to alleviating myocardial hypertrophy in SHRs. Thus, our study provides a theoretical basis for GB as an antihypertensive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ke Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiu Chun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hai Juan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yun Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhen Tian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Chao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Jia T, Chang L, Ding J, Zhou L. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites were associated with hypertension in US adults: data from NHANES 2009-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80491-80501. [PMID: 35716300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely existing organic pollutants in the environment, and their persistence in the environment makes us have to pay continuous attention to their health effects. However, since the American Heart Association updated its definition of hypertension in 2017, few studies have explored the relationship. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PAH exposure and hypertension after the updated definition of hypertension and explore whether body mass index (BMI) moderates this relationship. A total of 6332 adult participants from the 2009-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and hypertension, and the dose-response relationship. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was applied to blood pressure to reveal multiple exposure effects and the relative weights of each PAH. The prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 48.52%. There was a positive dose-response relationship between high exposure to 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2&3-hydroxyphenanthrene, and the risk of hypertension. Naphthalene metabolites accounted for the most significant proportion of systolic blood pressure, and phenanthrene metabolites accounted for the most significant proportion of diastolic blood pressure. Obese individuals with high PAH exposure were at greater risk for hypertension than individuals with low PAH exposure and normal BMI. Higher prevalence rate and stronger association of metabolites with outcomes were obtained in the general population of the USA under the new guideline. High levels of exposure to PAHs were positively associated with the risk of hypertension, and these effects were modified by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Teng Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, China
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Germline Genetic Association between Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) and Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040287. [PMID: 33348924 PMCID: PMC7767290 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all cancers in women, breast cancer has the highest incidence. The mortality of breast cancer is highly associated with metastasis. Migration and malignant transformation of cancer cells have been reported to be modulated by store-operated calcium (SOC) channels, which control calcium signaling and cell proliferation pathways. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum, triggering the activation of store-operated calcium signaling. However, the clinical relevance of STIM1 in breast cancer is still unclear. Here, we recruited 348 breast cancer patients and conducted a genetic association study to address this question. Four tagging germline single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in STIM1 were selected and RNA sequencing data of 525 breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were evaluated. The results show that rs2304891 and rs3750996 were correlated with clinical stage of breast cancer. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis indicated that risk G allele of STIM1 contributed to the higher expression of STIM1. In addition, we found an increased risk of rs2304891 G allele and rs3750996 A allele in estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that germline SNV, rs2304891 and rs3750996 as well as STIM1 expression are important biomarkers for the prediction of clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients.
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5
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Pabbidi MR, Kuppusamy M, Didion SP, Sanapureddy P, Reed JT, Sontakke SP. Sex differences in the vascular function and related mechanisms: role of 17β-estradiol. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1499-H1518. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00194.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lower in premenopausal women but increases with age and menopause compared with similarly aged men. Based on the prevalence of CVD in postmenopausal women, sex hormone-dependent mechanisms have been postulated to be the primary factors responsible for the protection from CVD in premenopausal women. Recent Women’s Health Initiative studies, Cochrane Review studies, the Early Versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol Study, and the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study have suggested that beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are seen in women of <60 yr of age and if initiated within <10 yr of menopause. In contrast, the beneficial effects of HRT are not seen in women of >60 yr of age and if commenced after 10 yr of menopause. The higher incidence of CVD and the failure of HRT in postmenopausal aged women could be partly associated with fundamental differences in the vascular structure and function between men and women and in between pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. In this regard, previous studies from human and animal studies have identified several sex differences in vascular function and associated mechanisms. The female sex hormone 17β-estradiol regulates the majority of these mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the sex differences in vascular structure, myogenic properties, endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and the role of 17β-estradiol in the regulation of vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sean P. Didion
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Padmaja Sanapureddy
- Department of Primary Care and Medicine, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joey T. Reed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sumit P. Sontakke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Tanwar J, Trebak M, Motiani RK. Cardiovascular and Hemostatic Disorders: Role of STIM and Orai Proteins in Vascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:425-452. [PMID: 28900927 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by STIM and Orai proteins is a highly regulated and ubiquitous signaling pathway that plays an important role in various cellular and physiological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the major site for intracellular Ca2+ storage. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/2 (STIM1/2) sense decrease in ER Ca2+ levels and transmits the message to plasma membrane Ca2+ channels constituted by Orai family members (Orai1/2/3) resulting in Ca2+ influx into the cells. This increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in turn activates a variety of signaling cascades to regulate a plethora of cellular functions. Evidence from the literature suggests that SOCE dysregulation is associated with several pathophysiologies, including vascular disorders. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that STIM proteins may also regulate vascular functions independent of their contribution to SOCE. In this updated book chapter, we will focus on the physiological role of STIM and Orai proteins in the vasculature (endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells). We will further retrospect the literature implicating a critical role for these proteins in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- Systems Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Systems Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110020, India.
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7
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Wilson PC, Fitzgibbon WR, Garrett SM, Jaffa AA, Luttrell LM, Brands MW, El-Shewy HM. Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Inhibits Transmembrane Calcium Entry via Store-Operated Calcium Channel. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:896-908. [PMID: 25871850 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure mainly via regulation of Ca(2+) mobilization. Several reports have implicated sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) through a yet-undefined mechanism. Here we demonstrate that AngII-induces biphasic calcium entry in vascular smooth muscle cells, consisting of an immediate peak due to inositol tris-phosphate-dependent release of intracellular calcium, followed by a sustained transmembrane Ca(2+) influx through store-operated calcium channels (SOCs). Inhibition of SK1 attenuates the second phase of transmembrane Ca(2+) influx, suggesting a role for SK1 in AngII-dependent activation of SOC. Intracellular S1P triggers SOC-dependent Ca(2+) influx independent of S1P receptors, whereas external application of S1P stimulated S1P receptor-dependent Ca(2+) influx that is insensitive to inhibitors of SOCs, suggesting that the SK1/S1P axis regulates store-operated calcium entry via intracellular rather than extracellular actions. Genetic deletion of SK1 significantly inhibits both the acute hypertensive response to AngII in anaesthetized SK1 knockout mice and the sustained hypertensive response to continuous infusion of AngII in conscious animals. Collectively these data implicate SK1 as the missing link that connects the angiotensin AT1A receptor to transmembrane Ca(2+) influx and identify SOCs as a potential intracellular target for SK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker C Wilson
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
| | - Sara M Garrett
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
| | - Michael W Brands
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
| | - Hesham M El-Shewy
- Department of Pathology (P.C.W.), Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Departments of Medicine (W.R.F., S.M.G., A.A.J., L.M.L., H.M.E.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; Department of Research Service (L.M.L.), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401; Department of Physiology (M.W.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.J.), Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 113-6044
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Abstract
Hypertension is a complex and multifaceted disease, and there are well established sex differences in many aspects of blood pressure (BP) control. The intent of this review is to highlight recent work examining sex differences in the molecular mechanisms of BP control in hypertension to assess whether the "one-size-fits-all" approach to BP control is appropriate with regard to sex.
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Hooper R, Samakai E, Kedra J, Soboloff J. Multifaceted roles of STIM proteins. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1383-96. [PMID: 23568369 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2) are critical components of store-operated calcium entry. Sensing depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores, STIM couples with plasma membrane Orai channels, resulting in the influx of Ca(2+) across the PM into the cytosol. Although best recognized for their primary role as ER Ca(2+) sensors, increasing evidence suggests that STIM proteins have a broader variety of sensory capabilities than first envisaged, reacting to cell stressors such as oxidative stress, temperature, and hypoxia. Further, the array of partners for STIM proteins is now understood to range far beyond the Orai channel family. Here we discuss the implications of STIM's expanding role, both as a stress sensor and a general modulator of multiple physiological processes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, 3440 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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10
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STIM1/Orai1 contributes to sex differences in vascular responses to calcium in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 122:215-26. [PMID: 21966957 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in Ca2+-dependent signalling and homoeostasis in the vasculature of hypertensive rats are well characterized. However, sex-related differences in SOCE (store-operated Ca2+ entry) have been minimally investigated. We hypothesized that vascular protection in females, compared with males, reflects decreased Ca2+ mobilization due to diminished activation of Orai1/STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1). In addition, we investigated whether ovariectomy in females affects the activation of the Orai1/STIM1 pathway. Endothelium-denuded aortic rings from male and female SHRSP (stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats) and WKY (Wistar-Kyoto) rats and from OVX (ovariectomized) or sham female SHRSP and WKY rats were used to functionally evaluate Ca2+ influx-induced contractions. Compared with females, aorta from male SHRSP displayed: (i) increased contraction during the Ca2+-loading period; (ii) similar transient contraction during Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores; (iii) increased activation of STIM1 and Orai1, as shown by the blockade of STIM1 and Orai1 with neutralizing antibodies, which reversed the sex differences in contraction during the Ca2+-loading period; and (iv) increased expression of STIM1 and Orai1. Additionally, we found that aortas from OVX-SHRSP showed increased contraction during the Ca2+-loading period and increased Orai1 expression, but no changes in the SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum)-buffering capacity or STIM1 expression. These findings suggest that augmented activation of STIM1/Orai1 in aortas from male SHRSP represents a mechanism that contributes to sex-related impaired control of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Furthermore, female sex hormones may negatively modulate the STIM/Orai1 pathway, contributing to vascular protection observed in female rats.
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11
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Bogeski I, Al-Ansary D, Qu B, Niemeyer BA, Hoth M, Peinelt C. Pharmacology of ORAI channels as a tool to understand their physiological functions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:291-303. [PMID: 22111611 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry is a major Ca(2+) entry mechanism that is present in most cell types. In immune cells, store-operated Ca(2+) entry is almost exclusively mediated by Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Ca(2+) entry through these channels and the corresponding cytosolic Ca(2+) signals are required for many immune cell functions, including all aspects of T-cell activation. ORAI proteins are the molecular correlates for the CRAC channels. The three human members, ORAI1, ORAI2 and ORAI3, are activated through the stromal interaction molecules (STIM)1 and 2 following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. Different combinations of STIM and ORAI can form different CRAC channels with distinct biophysical properties. In this article, we review and discuss mechanistic and functional implications of two important CRAC/ORAI inhibitors, 2-APB and BTP2, and the antibiotic G418 that has also been reported to interfere with ORAI channel function. The use of pharmacological tools should help to assign distinct physiological and pathophysiological functions to different STIM-ORAI protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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12
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Hill-Eubanks DC, Werner ME, Heppner TJ, Nelson MT. Calcium signaling in smooth muscle. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a004549. [PMID: 21709182 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in intracellular Ca(2+) are central to the function of smooth muscle, which lines the walls of all hollow organs. These changes take a variety of forms, from sustained, cell-wide increases to temporally varying, localized changes. The nature of the Ca(2+) signal is a reflection of the source of Ca(2+) (extracellular or intracellular) and the molecular entity responsible for generating it. Depending on the specific channel involved and the detection technology employed, extracellular Ca(2+) entry may be detected optically as graded elevations in intracellular Ca(2+), junctional Ca(2+) transients, Ca(2+) flashes, or Ca(2+) sparklets, whereas release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores may manifest as Ca(2+) sparks, Ca(2+) puffs, or Ca(2+) waves. These diverse Ca(2+) signals collectively regulate a variety of functions. Some functions, such as contractility, are unique to smooth muscle; others are common to other excitable cells (e.g., modulation of membrane potential) and nonexcitable cells (e.g., regulation of gene expression).
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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