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Caracuel L, Sastre E, Callejo M, Rodrigues-Díez R, García-Redondo AB, Prieto I, Nieto C, Salaices M, Aller MÁ, Arias J, Blanco-Rivero J. Hepatic Encephalopathy-Associated Cerebral Vasculopathy in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Alterations on Endothelial Factor Release and Influence on Cerebrovascular Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593371. [PMID: 33329042 PMCID: PMC7716775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by liver decompensation, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and high mortality. We aimed to determine the mechanisms implicated in the development of HE-associated cerebral vasculopathy in a microsurgical liver cholestasis (MHC) model of ACLF. Microsurgical liver cholestasis was induced by ligating and extracting the common bile duct and four bile ducts. Sham-operated and MHC rats were maintained for eight postoperative weeks Bradykinin-induced vasodilation was greater in middle cerebral arteries from MHC rats. Both Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin diminished bradykinin-induced vasodilation largely in arteries from MHC rats. Nitrite and prostaglandin (PG) F1α releases were increased, whereas thromboxane (TX) B2 was not modified in arteries from MHC. Expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS, and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 were augmented, and neuronal NOS (nNOS), COX-1, PGI2 synthase, and TXA2S were unmodified. Phosphorylation was augmented for eNOS and unmodified for nNOS. Altogether, these endothelial alterations might collaborate to increase brain blood flow in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caracuel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sastre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Callejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Díez
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. García-Redondo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Nieto
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Aller
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Arias
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Blanco-Rivero,
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Acute-on-chronic liver disease enhances phenylephrine-induced endothelial nitric oxide release in rat mesenteric resistance arteries through enhanced PKA, PI3K/AKT and cGMP signalling pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6993. [PMID: 31061522 PMCID: PMC6502824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by decompensated liver fibrosis, portal hypertension and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation. We aimed to determine whether the alpha-1 agonist phenylephrine (Phe) facilitates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release by mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) in rats subjected to an experimental microsurgical obstructive liver cholestasis model (LC). Sham-operated (SO) and LC rats were maintained for eight postoperative weeks. Phe-induced vasoconstriction (in the presence/absence of the NO synthase –NOS- inhibitor L-NAME) and vasodilator response to NO donor DEA-NO were analysed. Phe-induced NO release was determined in the presence/absence of either H89 (protein kinase –PK- A inhibitor) or LY 294002 (PI3K inhibitor). PKA and PKG activities, alpha-1 adrenoceptor, endothelial NOS (eNOS), PI3K, AKT and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) subunit expressions, as well as eNOS and AKT phosphorylation, were determined. The results show that LC blunted Phe-induced vasoconstriction, and enhanced DEA-NO-induced vasodilation. L-NAME increased the Phe-induced contraction largely in LC animals. The Phe-induced NO release was greater in MRA from LC animals. Both H89 and LY 294002 reduced NO release in LC. Alpha-1 adrenoceptor, eNOS, PI3K and AKT expressions were unchanged, but sGC subunit expression, eNOS and AKT phosphorylation and the activities of PKA and PKG were higher in MRA from LC animals. In summary, these mechanisms may help maintaining splanchnic vasodilation and hypotension observed in decompensated LC.
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Nascimento M, Piran R, Da Costa RM, Giordani MA, Carneiro FS, Aguiar DH, Dias MC, Sugizaki MM, Luvizotto RA, Nascimento AF, Bomfim GF. Hepatic injury induced by thioacetamide causes aortic endothelial dysfunction by a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism. Life Sci 2018; 212:168-175. [PMID: 30292829 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is associated with a wide range of cardiovascular abnormalities including hyperdynamic circulation and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. The pathogenic mechanisms of these cardiovascular changes are multifactorial and include vascular dysregulations. AIM The present study tested the hypothesis that the systemic vascular hyporesponsiveness in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury model is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) derivatives. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were treated with TAA for eight weeks to induce liver injury. KEY FINDINGS The maximal contractile response in concentration-effect curves to phenylephrine was decreased in aorta from TAA-treated rats, but no differences were found in aorta without endothelium, suggesting an endothelium-dependent mechanism in decreased contractile response. There was no difference in the contractile response with and without L-NAME (N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester) in rats with liver injury, showing that the TAA treatment impairs NO synthesis. Pre-incubation of the aorta with indomethacin, a COX-inhibitor, normalized the reduced contractile response to phenylephrine in arteries from TAA group. Also, COX-2 and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide syntase) protein expression was increased in aorta from TAA group compared to control group. Animals submitted to TAA treatment had a reduction in systolic blood pressure. Our findings demonstrated that liver injury induced by TAA caused a decrease in aortic contractile response by a COX-dependent mechanism but not by NO release. Also, it was demonstrated an inflammatory process in the aorta of TAA-treated rats by increased expression of COX-2 and iNOS. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, there is an essential contribution of COX-2 activation in extra-hepatic vascular dysfunction and inflammation present in cirrhosis induced by TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nascimento
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - R Piran
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - R M Da Costa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, Brazil
| | - M A Giordani
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - F S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - D H Aguiar
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - M C Dias
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - M M Sugizaki
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - R A Luvizotto
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - A F Nascimento
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - G F Bomfim
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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Sastre E, Caracuel L, Prieto I, Llévenes P, Aller MÁ, Arias J, Balfagón G, Blanco-Rivero J. Decompensated liver cirrhosis and neural regulation of mesenteric vascular tone in rats: role of sympathetic, nitrergic and sensory innervations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31076. [PMID: 27484028 PMCID: PMC4971476 DOI: 10.1038/srep31076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the possible alterations produced by liver cholestasis (LC), a model of decompensated liver cirrhosis in sympathetic, sensory and nitrergic nerve function in rat superior mesenteric arteries (SMA). The vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was greater in LC animals. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine and P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin decreased this response in LC animals more than in control animals. Both non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) L-NAME and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) (8-37) increased the vasoconstrictor response to EFS more strongly in LC than in control segments. Vasomotor responses to noradrenaline (NA) or CGRP were greater in LC segments, while NO analogue DEA-NO induced a similar vasodilation in both experimental groups. The release of NA was not modified, while those of ATP, nitrite and CGRP were increased in segments from LC. Alpha 1 adrenoceptor, Rho kinase (ROCK) 1 and 2 and total myosin phosphatase (MYPT) expressions were not modified, while alpha 2B adrenoceptor, nNOS expression and nNOS and MYPT phosphorylation were increased by LC. Together, these alterations might counteract the increased splanchnic vasodilation observed in the last phases of decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sastre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Laura Caracuel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España.,Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital la Paz, Madrid, España
| | - Pablo Llévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España
| | - M Ángeles Aller
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
| | - Jaime Arias
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
| | - Gloria Balfagón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
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Vairappan B. Endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis: Role of inflammation and oxidative stress. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:443-459. [PMID: 25848469 PMCID: PMC4381168 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent developments in the pathobiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in the context of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and defines novel strategies and potential targets for therapy. ED has prognostic implications by predicting unfavourable early hepatic events and mortality in patients with portal hypertension and advanced liver diseases. ED characterised by an impaired bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) within the hepatic circulation and is mainly due to decreased bioavailability of NO and accelerated degradation of NO with reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, elevated inflammatory markers also inhibit NO synthesis and causes ED in cirrhotic liver. Therefore, improvement of NO availability in the hepatic circulation can be beneficial for the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and associated portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, therapeutic agents that are identified in increasing NO bioavailability through improvement of hepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and reduction in hepatic asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous modulator of eNOS and a key mediator of elevated intrahepatic vascular tone in cirrhosis would be interesting therapeutic approaches in patients with endothelial dysfunction and portal hypertension in advanced liver diseases.
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Ostadhadi S, Rezayat SM, Ejtemaei-Mehr S, Tavangar SM, Nikoui V, Jazaeri F, Eftekhari G, Abdollahi A, Dehpour AR. Mesenteric artery responsiveness to acetylcholine and phenylephrine in cirrhotic rats challenged with endotoxin: the role of TLR4. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:475-83. [PMID: 25978623 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is associated with vascular dysfunction and endotoxemia. These experiments were designed to investigate the hypothesis that the administration of a low-dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) worsens vascular dysfunction in rats subjected to bile-duct ligation (BDL), and to determine whether LPS initiates changes in vascular Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. Four weeks after BDL, the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of either saline or LPS (1.0 mg/kg body mass). Three hours later, the superior mesenteric artery was isolated, perfused, and then subjected to the vasoconstriction and vasodilatation effects of phenylephrine and acetylcholine, respectively. Our results show that phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction decreased in the cirrhotic vascular bed (BDL rats) compared with the vascular bed of the sham-operated animals, and that the LPS injections in the cirrhotic (BDL) rats worsened this response. LPS injection administered to the sham-operated animals had no such effect. On the other hand, both the BDL procedure and the LPS injection increased acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, but LPS administration to the BDL rats had no effect on this response. The mRNA levels of TLR4 did not change, but immunohistochemical studies showed that TLR4 localization switched from the endothelium to vascular smooth muscle cells following chronic BDL. In conclusion, acute endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats is associated with hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine and tolerance to the effects of acetylcholine. Altered localization of TLR4 may be responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang X, Wang ML, Lu XY, Zhang P, Yu HG, Hu YK. Effect of beraprost sodium on c-JNK signal pathway in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5486-5491. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i35.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of beraprost sodium (BS) on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (c-JNK) signal pathway in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (normal control), an SAP group and a BS group. SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium tauroeholate. BS was given at a dose of 20 µg/kg at the time of pancreatitis induction in the BS group. At 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after SAP was successfully induced, the animals were killed. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in pancreatic tissue were detected by ELISA, c-JNK mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR, and c-JNK and phosporylated c-JNK (p-c-JNK) protein in pancreatic tissue was examined by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, c-JNK mRNA, c-JNK protein and p-c-JNK protein in pancreatic tissues were significantly enhanced in the SAP group (TNF-α: 458.7 pg/mL ± 36.9 pg/mL vs 197.1 pg/mL ± 5.3 pg/mL; IL-6: 525.6 pg/mL ± 12.6 pg/mL vs 211.4 pg/mL ± 3.5 pg/mL; c-JNK mRNA: 2.60 ± 0.09 vs 0.91 ± 0.59; c-JNK protein: 1.52 ± 0.41 vs 0.98 ± 0.11; p-c-JNK protein: 1.53 ± 0.45 vs 0.98 ± 0.08, P < 0.05 for all). Compared with the SAP group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, c-JNK mRNA, c-JNK protein and p-c-JNK protein were significantly decreased in the BS group (TNF-α: 211.7 pg/mL ± 3.4 pg/mL vs 458.7 pg/m L ± 36.9 pg/mL; IL-6: 468.7 pg/mL ± 34.9 pg/mL vs 525.6 pg/mL± 12.6 pg/mL; c-JNK mRNA: 1.93 ± 0.14 vs 2.60 ± 0.09; c-JNK protein: 1.32 ± 0.35 vs 1.52 ± 0.41; p-c-JNK protein: 1.22 ± 0.37 vs 1.53 ± 0.45, P < 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSION: BS can alleviate the inflammatory response in SAP rats by down-regulating c-JNK signaling.
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Xavier FE, Blanco-Rivero J, Sastre E, Caracuel L, Callejo M, Balfagón G. Tranilast increases vasodilator response to acetylcholine in rat mesenteric resistance arteries through increased EDHF participation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100356. [PMID: 24992476 PMCID: PMC4081117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Tranilast, in addition to its capacity to inhibit mast cell degranulation, has other biological effects, including inhibition of reactive oxygen species, cytokines, leukotrienes and prostaglandin release. In the current study, we analyzed whether tranilast could alter endothelial function in rat mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA). Experimental Approach Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was analyzed in MRA (untreated and 1-hour tranilast treatment) from 6 month-old Wistar rats. To assess the possible participation of endothelial nitric oxide or prostanoids, acetylcholine-induced relaxation was analyzed in the presence of L-NAME or indomethacin. The participation of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in acetylcholine-induced response was analyzed by preincubation with TRAM-34 plus apamin or by precontraction with a high K+ solution. Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion levels were measured, as well as vasomotor responses to NO donor DEA-NO and to large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel opener NS1619. Key Results Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was greater in tranilast-incubated MRA. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was decreased by L-NAME in a similar manner in both experimental groups. Indomethacin did not modify vasodilation. Preincubation with a high K+ solution or TRAM-34 plus apamin reduced the vasodilation to ACh more markedly in tranilast-incubated segments. NO and superoxide anion production, and vasodilator responses to DEA-NO or NS1619 remained unmodified in the presence of tranilast. Conclusions and Implications Tranilast increased the endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in rat MRA. This effect is independent of the nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways but involves EDHF, and is mediated by an increased role of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano E. Xavier
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdIPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sastre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdIPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Caracuel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdIPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Callejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Balfagón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdIPaz, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Angeli JK, Cruz Pereira CA, de Oliveira Faria T, Stefanon I, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV. Cadmium exposure induces vascular injury due to endothelial oxidative stress: the role of local angiotensin II and COX-2. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:838-848. [PMID: 23973752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant that is closely linked with cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Moreover, cadmium can induce an increase in oxidative stress. One of the main sites affected by oxidative stress is the aorta, which consequently develops atherosclerosis. However, there are few reports demonstrating aortic effects induced by small concentrations of cadmium that are similar to those found in the blood resulting from occupational exposure. Furthermore, several studies have reported on chronic cadmium exposure, and the results of these studies may have been influenced by the secondary effects induced by this metal, such as hypertension. Therefore, we investigated the effects of acute cadmium exposure on the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine of aortic rings isolated from male Wistar rats. Cadmium increased phenylephrine reactivity without changing the vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Endothelial damage or incubation with L-NAME shifted the phenylephrine concentration-response curves leftward in arteries incubated with or without cadmium, but the curves were shifted to a lesser degree after cadmium incubation. Enalapril, losartan, the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin, the TXA(2) synthase inhibitor furegrelate, the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS 398, the TP receptor antagonist SQ 29.548, the EP1 receptor antagonist SC 19.220, superoxide dismutase, and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin partially reverted the cadmium-induced effects on the reactivity to phenylephrine. Cadmium exposure increased vasoconstrictor activity by reducing NO bioavailability owing to the increased production of ROS by NADPH oxidase. The results of the tested cadmium concentration, which is below the reference values, suggest that acute cadmium exposure may induce vascular injury through endothelial oxidative stress. These data contribute to the evidence indicating that cadmium is a high risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhuli Keli Angeli
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | | | - Thaís de Oliveira Faria
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, ES, Brazil; Escola de Ensino Superior da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, EMESCAM, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Valero-Muñoz M, Martín-Fernández B, Ballesteros S, Martínez-Martínez E, Blanco-Rivero J, Balfagón G, Cachofeiro V, Lahera V, de las Heras N. Relevance of vascular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α to molecular alterations in atherosclerosis. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ozagrel hydrochloride, a selective thromboxane A₂ synthase inhibitor, alleviates liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23363429 PMCID: PMC3568068 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overdosed acetaminophen (paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) causes severe liver injury. We examined the effects of ozagrel, a selective thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase inhibitor, on liver injury induced by APAP overdose in mice. Methods Hepatotoxicity was induced to ICR male mice by an intraperitoneal injection with APAP (330 mg/kg). The effects of ozagrel (200 mg/kg) treatment 30 min after the APAP injection were evaluated with mortality, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and hepatic changes, including histopathology, DNA fragmentation, mRNA expression and total glutathione contents. The impact of ozagrel (0.001-1 mg/mL) on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in mouse hepatic microsome was examined. RLC-16 cells, a rat hepatocytes cell line, were exposed to 0.25 mM N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a hepatotoxic metabolite of APAP. In this model, the cytoprotective effects of ozagrel (1–100 muM) were evaluated by the WST-1 cell viability assay. Results Ozagel treatment significantly attenuated higher mortality, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels, excessive hepatic centrilobular necrosis, hemorrhaging and DNA fragmentation, as well as increase in plasma 2,3-dinor thromboxane B2 levels induced by APAP injection. Ozagrel also inhibited the hepatic expression of cell death-related mRNAs induced by APAP, such as jun oncogene, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (fos) and C/EBP homologous protein (chop), but did not suppress B-cell lymphoma 2-like protein11 (bim) expression and hepatic total glutathione depletion. These results show ozagrel can inhibit not all hepatic changes but can reduce the hepatic necrosis. Ozagrel had little impact on CYP2E1 activity involving the NAPQI production. In addition, ozagrel significantly attenuated cell injury induced by NAPQI in RLC-16. Conclusions We demonstrate that the TXA2 synthase inhibitor, ozagrel, dramatically alleviates liver injury induced by APAP in mice, and suggest that it is a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of APAP-induced liver injury.
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Chu LM, Robich MP, Bianchi C, Feng J, Liu Y, Xu SH, Burgess T, Sellke FW. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on cardiovascular function in a hypercholesterolemic swine model of chronic ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H479-88. [PMID: 22037194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00146.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition remain controversial, especially in the setting of cardiovascular comorbidities. We examined the effects of nonselective and selective COX inhibition on cardiovascular function in a hypercholesterolemic swine model of chronic ischemia. Twenty-four intact male Yorkshire swine underwent left circumflex ameroid constrictor placement and were subsequently given either no drug (HCC; n = 8), a nonselective COX inhibitor (440 mg/day naproxen; HCNS; n = 8), or a selective COX-2 inhibitor (200 mg/day celecoxib; HCCX; n = 8). After 7 wk, myocardial functional was measured and myocardium from the nonischemic ventricle and ischemic area-at-risk (AAR) were analyzed. Regional function as measured by segmental shortening was improved in the AAR of HCCX compared with HCC. There was no significant difference in perfusion to the nonischemic ventricle between groups, but myocardial perfusion in the AAR was significantly improved in the HCCX group compared with controls at rest and during pacing. Endothelium-dependent microvessel relaxation was diminished by ischemia in HCC animals, but both naproxen and celecoxib improved vessel relaxation in the AAR compared with controls, and also decreased the vasoconstrictive response to serotonin. Thromboxane levels in the AAR were decreased in both HCNS and HCCX compared with HCC, whereas prostacyclin levels were decreased only in HCNS, corresponding to a decrease in prostacyclin synthase expression. Chronic ischemia increased apoptosis in Troponin T negative cells and intramyocardial fibrosis, both of which were reduced by celecoxib administration in the AAR. Capillary density was decreased in both the HCNS and HCCX groups. Protein oxidative stress was decreased in both HCNS and HCCX, whereas lipid oxidative stress was decreased only in the HCCX group. Thus nonselective and especially selective COX inhibition may have beneficial myocardial effects in the setting of hypercholesterolemia and chronic ischemia. Whether these effects modulate cardiovascular risk in patients taking these drugs remains to be seen, but evidence to date suggests that they do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Chu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Chang CC, Wang SS, Huang HC, Chan CY, Lee FY, Lin HC, Nong JY, Chuang CL, Lee SD. Selective cyclooxygenase inhibition improves hepatic encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure of rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 666:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Koumura A, Hamanaka J, Kawasaki K, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hozumi I, Inuzuka T, Hara H. Fasudil and Ozagrel in Combination Show Neuroprotective Effects on Cerebral Infarction after Murine Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:337-44. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.177675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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