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Zhang H, Li Y. Potential roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs in breast cancer, a new therapeutic strategy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155318. [PMID: 38688203 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has been the focus of numerous studies aimed at identifying novel biological markers for its early detection. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a subset of small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as potential markers due to their aberrant expression in various cancers. PiRNAs have recently gained attention due to their aberrant expression in various cancers, including BC. PiRNAs, exhibit diverse biological activities, such as epigenetic regulation of gene and protein expression and their association with cell proliferation and metastasis has been well-established. As the field of non-coding RNAs rapidly evolves, there is great anticipation that therapies targeting piRNAs will advance swiftly. This review will delve into the various biological functions of piRNAs, such as gene suppression, transposon silencing, and epigenetic regulation of genes. The review will also highlight the role of piRNAs as either progenitors or suppressors in cancers, with a particular focus on BC. Lastly, it will touch upon the potential of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Zhou J, Xie H, Liu J, Huang R, Xiang Y, Tian D, Bian E. PIWI-interacting RNAs: Critical roles and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216189. [PMID: 37076042 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of small regulatory RNAs (approximately 24-31 nucleotides in length) that often bind to members of the PIWI protein family. piRNAs regulate transposons in animal germ cells; piRNAs are also specifically expressed in many human tissues and regulate pivotal signaling pathways. Additionally, the abnormal expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins has been associated with various malignant tumours, and multiple mechanisms of piRNA-mediated target gene dysregulation are involved in tumourigenesis and progression, suggesting that they have the potential to serve as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumours. However, the functions and potential mechanisms of action of piRNAs in cancer have not yet been elucidated. This review summarises the current findings on the biogenesis, function, and mechanisms of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in cancer. We also discuss the clinical significance of piRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for cancer. Finally, we present some critical questions regarding piRNA research that need to be addressed to provide insight into the future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ruixiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Dasheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Sohn EJ, Oh SO. P-Element-Induced Wimpy Testis Proteins and P-Element-Induced Wimpy Testis-Interacting RNAs Expression in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:56-64. [PMID: 36853842 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA and are predominantly expressed in germline cells. piRNAs function as gene regulators and potential biomarkers for the development of a number of malignancies. The biological importance of piRNAs in ovarian cancer is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of piRNAs in ovarian cancer stem cells and compared it with that in adherent cells. Methods: To assess changes in the expression levels of PIWIL1/HIWI, PIWIL2/HILI, PIWIL3, and PIWIL4/HIWI2, we used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Changes in piRNA expression levels in ovarian cancer stem cells were analyzed using Arraystar piRNA microarray screening. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the potential functions of piRNAs. Results: Using microarray analysis, we identified a cohort of differentially expressed piRNAs. Fifteen piRNAs, including DQ570763 and DQ597396, were downregulated, and 58 piRNAs were upregulated when compared with those in adherent A2780 and SKOV3 cells (p > 0.05, >2.0, respectively). GO functions of the downregulated piRNAs (DQ570763 and DQ570797) suggest that their roles are commonly associated with the Golgi apparatus. In addition, A2780-SP and SKOV3-SP cells had higher PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 mRNA levels than adherent cells (A2780 and SKOV3). Moreover, we determined, using receiver operating characteristic plot, that the expression level of PIWIL4 was lower in responders than in nonresponders after treatment with platins in patients with ovarian cancer. Finally, in ovarian cancer, PIWIL4 expression was associated with somatic mutations of dynein axonemal heavy chain 2, signal induced proliferation associated 1 like 2, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1, TBC1 domain family member 8, and LPS responsive Beige-like anchor protein. Conclusion: Our study showed that PIWI proteins and piRNAs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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AmeliMojarad M, Amelimojarad M. piRNAs and PIWI proteins as potential biomarkers in Breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9855-9862. [PMID: 35612777 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are another subgroup of small non-coding RNAs, that can play different biological activity further to their capabilities in the germline such as regulating the gene and protein expression, epigenetic silencing of transposable elements, and regulating the spermatogenesis by interacting with PIWI proteins. METHODS We search online academic data bases including (Google Scholar, Web of Science and Pub Med), the relevant literature was extracted from the databases by using search terms of piRNAs and breast cancer as free-text words and also with the combination with OR /AND by may 2022. RESULTS Recently, with the help of next-generation sequencing abnormal piRNA expression has been observed to associate with the occurrence and development of human cancers, such as breast cancer (BC). Recent investigation proposing piRNA as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker based on their cancer-related interaction in the treatment of BC. CONCLUSION This review aims to focus on the role of piRNAs in the initiation, progression, and the occurrence of breast cancer in order to understand its function and provide a better therapeutic strategy.
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Yao J, Xie M, Ma X, Song J, Wang Y, Xue X. PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer: Biogenesis, function, and clinical significance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965684. [PMID: 36212439 PMCID: PMC9539321 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a less-studied class of small non-coding RNAs approximately 24–31 nucleotides in length. They express in germline and somatic cells and form complexes with PIWI proteins to exert regulatory effects. New studies show that piRNAs are aberrantly expressed in various cancers. In this review, we focus on those piRNAs that are associated with cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance and discuss their potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinying Xue,
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Li K, Peng ZY, Gao S, Wang QS, Wang R, Li X, Xiao GD, Zhang J, Ren H, Tang SC, Sun X. M6A associated TSUC7 inhibition contributed to Erlotinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma through a notch signaling activation dependent way. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:325. [PMID: 34656164 PMCID: PMC8520306 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The small tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) subversively altered the lung cancer treatments, but patients will inevitably face the therapy resistance and disease recurrence. We aim to explore the potential roles of non-coding RNAs in sensitizing the TKIs effects. Methods: Multiple cellular and molecular detections were applied to confirm the mechanistic regulations and intracellular connections. Results We explored the specific gene features of candidates in association with resistance, and found that m6A controlled the stemness of EMT features through METTL3 and YTHDF2. The miR-146a/Notch signaling was sustained highly activated in a m6A dependent manner, and the m6A regulator of YTHDF2 suppressed TUSC7, both of which contributed to the resistant features. Functionally, the sponge type of TUSC7 regulation of miR-146a inhibited Notch signaling functions, and affected the cancer progression and stem cells’ renewal in Erlotinib resistant PC9 cells (PC9ER) and Erlotinib resistant HCC827 cells (HCC827ER) cells. The Notch signaling functions manipulated the cMYC and DICER inner cytoplasm, and the absence of either cMYC or DICER1 lead to TUSC7 and miR-146a decreasing respectively, formed the closed circle to maintain the balance. Conclusion PC9ER and HCC827ER cells harbored much more stem-like cells, and the resistance could be reversed by Notch signaling inactivation. The intrinsic miR-146 and TUSC7 levels are monitored by m6A effectors, the alternation of either miR-146 or TUSC7 expression could lead to the circling loop to sustain the new homeostasis. Further in clinics, the combined delivery of TKIs and Notch specific inhibitory non-coding RNAs will pave the way for yielding the susceptibility to targeted therapy in lung cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02137-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Yang Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qing-Shi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Guo-Dong Xiao
- Oncology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Cancer Center and Research Institute, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Qian L, Xie H, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Lü J, Yu Z. Piwi-Interacting RNAs: A New Class of Regulator in Human Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695077. [PMID: 34295823 PMCID: PMC8290475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (Piwi)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of germline-enriched small non-coding RNA that associate with Piwi family proteins and mostly induce transposon silencing and epigenetic regulation. Emerging evidence indicated the aberrant expression of Piwil proteins and associated piRNAs in multiple types of human cancer including breast cancer. Although the majority of piRNAs in breast cancer remains unclear of the function mainly due to the variety of regulatory mechanisms, the potential of piRNAs serving as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis or therapeutic targets for cancer treatment has been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Herein we summarized the research progress of oncogenic or tumor suppressing piRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms in regulating human breast cancer, including piR-021285, piR-823, piR-932, piR-36712, piR-016658, piR-016975 and piR-4987. The challenges and perspectives of piRNAs in the field of human cancer were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Jinzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou, China
| | - Heying Xie
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Jinzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Lü
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang K, Wang T, Gao XQ, Chen XZ, Wang F, Zhou LY. Emerging functions of piwi-interacting RNAs in diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4893-4901. [PMID: 33942984 PMCID: PMC8178273 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are recently discovered small non‐coding RNAs consisting of 24‐35 nucleotides, usually including a characteristic 5‐terminal uridine and an adenosine at position 10. PIWI proteins can specifically bind to the unique structure of the 3′ end of piRNAs. In the past, it was thought that piRNAs existed only in the reproductive system, but recently, it was reported that piRNAs are also expressed in several other human tissues with tissue specificity. Growing evidence shows that piRNAs and PIWI proteins are abnormally expressed in various diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing, and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to discuss the current research status regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, mechanisms and emerging roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Zhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Ding X, Li Y, Lü J, Zhao Q, Guo Y, Lu Z, Ma W, Liu P, Pestell RG, Liang C, Yu Z. piRNA-823 Is Involved in Cancer Stem Cell Regulation Through Altering DNA Methylation in Association With Luminal Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641052. [PMID: 33791297 PMCID: PMC8005588 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be the main source of cancer relapse and metastasis. PIWI-interacting small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs) have been recently recognized to be relevant to cancer biology. Whether and how piRNAs regulate human CSCs remain unknown. Herein, upregulation of piR-823 was identified in tested luminal breast cancer cells, especially in the luminal subtype of breast CSCs. Enforced expression or targeted knockdown of piR-823 demonstrated its oncogenic function in regulating cell proliferation and colony formation in MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. In addition, piR-823 induced ALDH (+) breast CSC subpopulation promoted the expression of stem cell markers including OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, NANOG, and hTERT, and increased mammosphere formation. Tail vein injection of magnetic nanoparticles carrying anti-piR-823 into the mammary gland of tumor-burdened mice significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were demonstrated to be the downstream genes of piR-823, which regulate gene expression by maintaining DNA methylation. piR-823 increased the expression of DNMTs, promoted DNA methylation of gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), thereby activating Wnt signaling and inducing cancer cell stemness in the luminal subtype of breast cancer cells. The current study not only revealed a novel mechanism through which piRNAs contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer by regulating CSCs, but also provided a therapeutic strategy using non-coding genomes in the suppression of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Lü
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefan Guo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziye Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | - Chunli Liang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Montalto FI, De Amicis F. Cyclin D1 in Cancer: A Molecular Connection for Cell Cycle Control, Adhesion and Invasion in Tumor and Stroma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122648. [PMID: 33317149 PMCID: PMC7763888 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1, an important regulator of cell cycle, carries out a central role in the pathogenesis of cancer determining uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In normal cells, Cyclin D1 expression levels are strictly regulated, conversely, in cancer, its activity is intensified in various manners. Different studies demonstrate that CCDN1 gene is amplified in several tumor types considering it as a negative prognostic marker of this pathology. Cyclin D1 is known for its role in the nucleus, but recent clinical studies associate the amount located in the cytoplasmic membrane with tumor invasion and metastasis. Cyclin D1 has also other functions: it governs the expression of specific miRNAs and it plays a crucial role in the tumor-stroma interactions potentiating most of the cancer hallmarks. In the present review, we will summarize the current scientific evidences that highlight the involvement of Cyclin D1 in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer, best of all in breast cancer. We will also focus on recent insights regarding the Cyclin D1 as molecular bridge between cell cycle control, adhesion, invasion, and tumor/stroma/immune-system interplay in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ida Montalto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-984-496204
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Lin Y, Zheng J, Lin D. PIWI-interacting RNAs in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:15-28. [PMID: 32877760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs mechanistically similar to but much less studied than microRNAs and small interfering RNAs. Today the best understood function of piRNAs is transposon control in animal germ cells, which has earned them the name 'guardians of the germline'. Several molecular/cellular characteristics of piRNAs, including high sequence diversity, lack of secondary structures, and target-oriented generation seem to serve this purpose. Recently, aberrant expressions of piRNAs and PIWI proteins have been implicated in a variety of malignant tumors and associated with cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and increased stemness. Researchers have also demonstrated multiple mechanisms of piRNA-mediated target deregulation associated with cancer initiation, progression or dissemination. We review current research findings on the biogenesis, normal functions and cancer associations of piRNAs, highlighting their potentials as cancer diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools. Whenever applicable, we draw connections with other research fields to encourage intercommunity conversations. We also offer recommendations and cautions regarding the general process of cancer-related piRNA studies and the methods/tools used at each step. Finally, we call attention to some issues that, if left unsolved, might impede the future development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jian Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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