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Liu Q, Li S. Exosomal circRNAs: Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for urinary tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216759. [PMID: 38417667 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Exosomal circRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for urinary tumors. In this review, we explored the intricate role of exosomal circRNAs in urological cancers, focusing on their biological functions, dysregulation in tumors, and potential clinical applications. The review delves into the mechanisms by which exosomal circRNAs contribute to tumor progression and highlights their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. By synthesizing current research findings, we present a compelling case for the significance of exosomal circRNAs in the context of urinary tumors. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with utilizing exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic agents. There is a need for further research to elucidate the specific mechanisms of exosomal circRNA secretion and delivery, as well as to enhance the detection methods for clinical translational applications. Overall, this comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role of exosomal circRNAs in urinary tumors and underscores their potential as valuable biomarkers and therapeutic tools in the management of urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China; The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with Engineering, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China.
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Afshar Y, Yin O, Jeong A, Martinez G, Kim J, Ma F, Jang C, Tabatabaei S, You S, Tseng HR, Zhu Y, Krakow D. Placenta accreta spectrum disorder at single-cell resolution: a loss of boundary limits in the decidua and endothelium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:443.e1-443.e18. [PMID: 38296740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta accreta spectrum disorders are associated with severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Placenta accreta spectrum disorders involve excessive adherence of the placenta preventing separation at birth. Traditionally, this condition has been attributed to excessive trophoblast invasion; however, an alternative view is a fundamental defect in decidual biology. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to gain insights into the understanding of placenta accreta spectrum disorder by using single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics to characterize cellular heterogeneity at the maternal-fetal interface in placenta accreta spectrum disorders. STUDY DESIGN To assess cellular heterogeneity and the function of cell types, single-cell RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptomics were used. A total of 12 placentas were included, 6 placentas with placenta accreta spectrum disorder and 6 controls. For each placenta with placenta accreta spectrum disorder, multiple biopsies were taken at the following sites: placenta accreta spectrum adherent and nonadherent sites in the same placenta. Of note, 2 platforms were used to generate libraries: the 10× Chromium and NanoString GeoMX Digital Spatial Profiler for single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomes, respectively. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using a suite of bioinformatic tools (Seurat and GeoMxTools R packages). Correction for multiple testing was performed using Clipper. In situ hybridization was performed with RNAscope, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess protein expression. RESULTS In creating a placenta accreta cell atlas, there were dramatic difference in the transcriptional profile by site of biopsy between placenta accreta spectrum and controls. Most of the differences were noted at the site of adherence; however, differences existed within the placenta between the adherent and nonadherent site of the same placenta in placenta accreta. Among all cell types, the endothelial-stromal populations exhibited the greatest difference in gene expression, driven by changes in collagen genes, namely collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), growth factors, epidermal growth factor-like protein 6 (EGFL6), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and angiogenesis-related genes, namely delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1). Intraplacental tropism (adherent versus non-adherent sites in the same placenta) was driven by differences in endothelial-stromal cells with notable differences in bone morphogenic protein 5 (BMP5) and osteopontin (SPP1) in the adherent vs nonadherent site of placenta accreta spectrum. CONCLUSION Placenta accreta spectrum disorders were characterized at single-cell resolution to gain insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. An atlas of the placenta at single cell resolution in accreta allows for understanding in the biology of the intimate maternal and fetal interaction. The contributions of stromal and endothelial cells were demonstrated through alterations in the extracellular matrix, growth factors, and angiogenesis. Transcriptional and protein changes in the stroma of placenta accreta spectrum shift the etiologic explanation away from "invasive trophoblast" to "loss of boundary limits" in the decidua. Gene targets identified in this study may be used to refine diagnostic assays in early pregnancy, track disease progression over time, and inform therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Afshar
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Ophelia Yin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anhyo Jeong
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guadalupe Martinez
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christine Jang
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah Tabatabaei
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Das K, Mukherjee T, Shankar P. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Hematological Malignancies: Interaction with Tumor Microenvironment; a Potential Biomarker and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:897. [PMID: 37371477 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In recent years, studies have focused on understanding how tumor cells communicate within the TME. In addition to several factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, etc., a growing body of evidence has indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication of tumor cells within the TME, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. The present review focuses on how EVs derived from tumor cells interact with the cells in the TME, such as immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and ECM components, and vice versa, in the context of various hematological malignancies. EVs recovered from the body fluids of cancer patients often carry the bioactive molecules of the originating cells and hence can be considered new predictive biomarkers for specific types of cancer, thereby also acting as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss how EVs influence hematological tumor progression via tumor-host crosstalk and their use as biomarkers for hematological malignancies, thereby benefiting the development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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