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Abdulghani EA, Al-Sosowa AA, Alhashimi N, Cao B, Zheng W, Li Y, Alhammadi MS. Basal and dentoalveolar transverse parameters in different sagittal and vertical malocclusions in adults: a comparative study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:276. [PMID: 38668916 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to three-dimensionally (3D) evaluate the maxillomandibular basal bone and dentoalveolar widths using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in adult Chinese populations with different vertical and sagittal facial skeletal patterns whilst no apparent posterior dental crossbite. MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective cross-sectional comparative study enrolled CBCT images of 259 adult patients (125 males and 134 females). The subjects were divided into the hyperdivergent(n = 82), hypodivergent(n = 88), and normodivergent(n = 89) groups based on the Jarabak ratio (S-GO/N-Me), which were further divided into three subgroups of skeletal Class I, II and III, based on both the ANB angle and AF-BF parameters. ANOVA was used to analyze the extracted data of the studied groups. The intra- and inter-observer reliability was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS In all three vertical facial skeletal patterns, the skeletal Class II had significantly smaller mandibular basal bone width compared to skeletal Class I and Class III, both at the first molar and first premolar levels. The skeletal Class III seemed to have smaller maxillary basal bone width compared to skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions; however, a significant difference was found only in the normodivergent pattern. As for the dentoalveolar compensation, it was most notable that in the hypodivergent growth pattern, the skeletal Class II had significantly smaller maxillary dentoalveolar width compared to the Class I and Class III groups, both at the first molar and first premolar levels. CONCLUSIONS Based on the sample in the present study, skeletal Class II has the narrowest mandibular basal bone regardless of the vertical facial skeletal pattern. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For Chinese adults with no apparent transverse discrepancy, the maxillomandibular basal bone and dentoalveolar widths are revealed in specific categories based on different vertical and sagittal facial skeletal patterns. In diagnosis and treatment planning, particular attention should be paid to skeletal Class II for possibly existing mandibular narrowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abdulghani
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abeer A Al-Sosowa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Najah Alhashimi
- Unit and Divisional Chief Orthodontics at Hamad Medical Corporation and associate professor at College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - BaoCheng Cao
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, College of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Maged S Alhammadi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Ocak I, Karsli N, Altug AT, Aksu M. Relationship between vertical facial morphology and dental arch measurements in class II malocclusion: a retrospective study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16031. [PMID: 37692120 PMCID: PMC10487581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the relationship between dental arch measurements and the vertical facial pattern determined in skeletal Class II untreated patients. Methods Lateral cephalograms and plaster models were obtained from 124 untreated female adults (average age: 17.6 ± 3.8 years). Class I (CI), Class II Division 1 (CII/1) and Class II Division 2 (CII/2) malocclusions were divided into three subgroups according to their vertical morphology as hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent. The multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) method was used in the comparison of measurement values according to vertical and sagittal morphology. The relationship between both A point-Nasion-B point (ANB) and Frankfurt-mandibular plane (FMA) angles and dental arch measurements was examined by Pearson correlation analysis. The significance level was received as p < 0.05. Results While vertical morphology has a statistically significant effect on mandibular arch length, sagittal morphology affects maxillary arch depth. The parameters influenced by both morphologies are maxillary and mandibular arch length, as well as maxillary intermolar width. The mandibular arch length was significantly shorter in hyperdivergent-CII-2 malocclusion (50.5 ± 7.4 mm). Larger values were obtained in both mandibular arch length and maxillary arch depth measurements in CII-1 malocclusion compared to CII-2 malocclusion. The maxillary intermolar width was significantly shorter in hypodivergent-CII-1 malocclusion (46.8 ± 3.4 mm), while it was higher in hypodivergent-CI malocclusion (51.1 ± 3.4 mm). The maxillary arch length was the lowest in hyperdivergent-CI malocclusion (63.1 ± 13.3 mm) and the highest in hypodivergent-CI malocclusion (72.8 ± 7.6 mm). Additionally, a positive but weak correlation was found between ANB and FMA angles. Conclusion Dental arch measurements have been found to be affected by both vertical facial morphology and skeletal sagittal relationship. A positive correlation was found between ANB and FMA angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ocak
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurver Karsli
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ayse Tuba Altug
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tachi A, Tochigi K, Saze N, Arai K. Impact of the prefabricated forms of NiTi archwires on orthodontic forces delivered to the mandibular dental arch. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:41. [PMID: 34850299 PMCID: PMC8633350 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although preformed archwires with a variety of arch forms are currently commercially available, the effects of variation in the shape of these archwires on the orthodontic force at each tooth are not well understood. Therefore, we evaluated the forces delivered by various types of commercially available preformed nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) archwires in a simulated mandibular dental arch. METHODS Sixty-three types of 0.019 × 0.025-inch preformed NiTi archwires from 15 manufactures were selected for analysis. The intercanine width (ICW) and intermolar width (IMW) of each archwire were measured at the mean canine and first molar depths of 30 untreated subjects with normal occlusions. Each archwire was placed in a multi-sensor measurement system simulating the mandibular dental arch of subjects with normal occlusions, and orthodontic forces in the facial-lingual direction at the central incisors, canines, and first molars were measured. Correlations between the ICW, IMW, and ICW/IMW ratio of archwires and the delivered forces were analyzed. The archwires were classified into the following four groups according to the ICW and IMW: Control group, ICW and IMW are within the means ± standard deviations of the normal ranges; Ovoid group, narrow ICW and IMW; Tapered group, narrow ICW; and Square group, narrow IMW. The forces were compared among these groups for each tooth. RESULTS Significant correlations between the measured archwire width and force to each tooth were found, except between IMW and forces at the central incisors and canines. Significant differences in the forces were found among all groups, except between the Ovoid and Tapered groups at all teeth and between the Ovoid/Tapered and Control groups at the first molar. Significantly greater orthodontic forces in the facial direction were delivered at the central incisors by the archwires in the Ovoid and Tapered groups when compared with the archwires in the other groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that there is a possible risk of a clinically significant level of unfavorable orthodontic force being delivered to the mandibular incisors in labial inclination when using a preformed archwire with an ICW that is narrower than the dental arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tachi
- Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tochigi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Saze
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9- 20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
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Kim H, Park SH, Park JH, Lee KJ. Nonsurgical maxillary expansion in a 60-year-old patient with gingival recession and crowding. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51:217-227. [PMID: 33984228 PMCID: PMC8133902 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillary transverse deficiency often manifests as a posterior crossbite or edge-to-edge bite and anterior crowding. However, arbitrary arch expansion in mature patients has been considered to be challenging due to the possible periodontal adverse effects such as alveolar bone dehiscence and gingival recession. To overcome these limitations, nonsurgical maxillary expansion of the basal bone has been demonstrated in young adults. However, the age range for successful orthopedic expansion has remained a topic of debate, possibly due to the underlying individual variations in suture maturity. This case report illustrates nonsurgical, miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in a 60-year-old patient with maxillary transverse deficiency accompanied by anterior and posterior crossbites, crowding, and gingival recession. The use of MARPE allowed relief of crowding and correction of the crossbite without causing significant periodontal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harim Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Park
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Evangelista K, Ferrari-Piloni C, Barros LAN, Avelino MAG, Helena Soares Cevidanes L, Ruellas ACDO, Valladares-Neto J, Silva MAG. Three-dimensional assessment of craniofacial asymmetry in children with transverse maxillary deficiency after rapid maxillary expansion: A prospective study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:300-312. [PMID: 32022986 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate craniofacial asymmetry in children with transverse maxillary deficiency, with or without functional unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC), before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION A sample of 51 children with cone beam computed tomography scans obtained before RME (T1) and a year after RME (T2). MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study consisted of 2 groups: 25 children with functional UPC (6.77 ± 1.5 years) and 26 children without UPC (7.41 ± 1.31 years). Linear and angular measurements were obtained from zygomatic, maxilla, glenoid fossa and mandible, using original and mirrored 3D overlapped models. All right and left side comparisons in both groups and intergroups asymmetries were compared using MANOVA and t test for independent samples, respectively, statistically significant at P < .05. RESULTS The UPC group showed no side differences, but mandibular horizontal rotation at T1, and this asymmetry was improved in T2. The non-UPC group showed at baseline significant lateral asymmetry in orbitale, position of palatine foramen, respectively, in average 2.95 mm and 1.16 mm, and 0.49 mm of average asymmetry in condylar height. The glenoid fossa was symmetric in both groups at T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS Children with transverse maxillary deficiency showed slight morphological asymmetry, located in the mandible position in cases of UPC, and in the orbital and maxillary regions in cases without UPC. One year after RME, patients improved their craniofacial asymmetry, with significant changes in the mandible and correction of the mandibular rotation in patients who presented UPC.
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Oliva B, Sferra S, Greco AL, Valente F, Grippaudo C. Three-dimensional analysis of dental arch forms in Italian population. Prog Orthod 2018; 19:34. [PMID: 30198054 PMCID: PMC6129455 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-018-0233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was the comparison of male and female upper and lower dental arch form in untreated Italian patients by 3D analysis, to find differences in shape, in transversal and longitudinal diameters between sexes, and to give a representative set of population's dental arch to clinicians in order to provide suitable orthodontic treatment. METHODS The sample consisted of 3D scans of dental casts deriving from 104 Italian untreated patients (Male = 35, Female = 69) in permanent dentition. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear values on every patient using a 3D software (SolidWorks®). A Student's two-tailed t test was used to determine if the differences in measurements between the male and female groups were significant and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in upper and lower transversal and longitudinal diameters were found. Male arch widths were significantly larger than those of females. Male intercanine, intermolar, and interpremolar diameters were significantly greater than females. Dental arch depth was significantly smaller in the female group. Anterior upper dental arch form was flatter, wider, and less sharp in the female group. CONCLUSIONS Basing on the anatomical arches differences found between sexes concerning Italian patients, it is suggested to have regard to each patient pre-treatment arch form, width, and depth during orthodontic treatment according to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Oliva
- Institute of Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Sferra
- Institute of Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00198, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Lucia Greco
- Institute of Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valente
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Grippaudo
- Institute of Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00198, Rome, Italy
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Patel D, Mehta F, Patel N, Mehta N, Trivedi I, Mehta A. Evaluation of arch width among Class I normal occlusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, and Class III malocclusion in Indian population. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:S202-9. [PMID: 26604575 PMCID: PMC4632224 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.166842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between Class I (CI) normal occlusion, Class II division 1 (CIId1) and CII division 2 (CIId2), and Class III (CIII) malocclusion with respect to arch widths, width of the maxillary and mandibular arches, gender dimorphism within groups, and gender comparisons. Materials and Methods: Samples of 40 CI subjects, 40 CIId1 subjects, 40 CIId2 subjects, and 34 CIII subjects were studied. All subjects were Indians with no history of orthodontic treatment. An analysis of variance and Duncan's test statistically compared the groups and genders. Results: CIId1 malocclusion showed the narrowest maxillary arch compared with the other types of malocclusions. CIII malocclusion showed largest mandibular arch than other types of malocclusions. Gender dimorphism is more commonly seen in CI normal occlusion than other types of malocclusions. Gender dimorphism is not observed in CIId1 group. Gender comparisons revealed arch width differences between different types of malocclusions more pronounced in males than in females. The maxillary/mandibular intermolar width difference is positive for CI normal occlusion and negative for CIId1, CIId2, and CIII malocclusions, which suggested, the presence of crossbite tendency in CII and CIII malocclusions. Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected by the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Patel
- Department of Orthodontics, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Falguni Mehta
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Nishit Mehta
- Graduate DDS Student, Herman Ostrow of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Apexa Mehta
- Graduate Student, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
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Zou W, Wu J, Jiang J, Xu T, Li C. Archform comparisons between skeletal class II and III malocclusions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100655. [PMID: 24971597 PMCID: PMC4074102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional research was to explore the relationship of the mandibular dental and basal bone archforms between severe Skeletal Class II (SC2) and Skeletal Class III (SC3) malocclusions. We also compared intercanine and intermolar widths in these two malocclusion types. Thirty-three virtual pretreatment mandibular models (Skeletal Class III group) and Thirty-five Skeletal Class II group pretreatment models were created with a laser scanning system. FA (the midpoint of the facial axis of the clinical crown)and WALA points (the most prominent point on the soft-tissue ridge)were employed to produce dental and basal bone archforms, respectively. Gained scatter diagrams of the samples were processed by nonlinear regression analysis via SPSS 17.0. The mandibular dental and basal bone intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly greater in the Skeletal Class III group compared to the Skeletal Class II group. In both groups, a moderate correlation existed between dental and basal bone arch widths in the canine region, and a high correlation existed between dental and basal bone arch widths in the molar region. The coefficient of correlation of the Skeletal Class III group was greater than the Skeletal Class II group. Fourth degree, even order power functions were used as best-fit functions to fit the scatter plots. The radius of curvature was larger in Skeletal Class III malocclusions compared to Skeletal Class II malocclusions (rWALA3>rWALA2>rFA3>rFA2). In conclusion, mandibular dental and basal intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly different between the two groups. Compared with Skeletal Class II subjects, the mandibular archform was more flat for Skeletal Class III subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - JiaQi Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - JiuHui Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JHJ); (TMX); (CYL)
| | - TianMin Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JHJ); (TMX); (CYL)
| | - CuiYing Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JHJ); (TMX); (CYL)
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