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Biénès T, Lyssens A, Machiels H, Hercot ME, Fastres A, Alexandru-Cosmin T, Deville M, Charlier C, Billen F, Clercx C. Intranasal and Serum Gentamicin Concentration: Comparison of Three Topical Administration Protocols in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:490. [PMID: 37624277 PMCID: PMC10457901 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials' topical administration efficacy has not been assessed in dogs with upper respiratory tract disease. The aim was to compare the concentration of gentamicin in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and in serum after three topical protocols. This was a prospective crossover study of ten healthy dogs. Gentamicin was nebulized for a duration of 1 week, twice a day, for 10 min in the first protocol (10-min protocol) and for 3 min in the second protocol (3-min protocol), while the third protocol consisted of the administration of 0.25 mL of gentamicin in each nostril (drop protocol). Median concentrations of gentamicin in NALF were 9.39 µg/mL (8.12-19.97 interquartile range), 4.96 µg/mL (4.60-6.43) and 137.00 µg/mL (110.5-162.00) in the 10-min protocol, 3-min protocol and drop protocol, respectively. The result for the drop protocol was significantly higher than those of both nebulization protocols in NALF (p = 0.039). In serum, the gentamicin concentration was 0.98 µg/mL (0.65-1.53) and 0.25 µg/mL (0.25-0.44) in the 10-min and 3-min protocols, respectively. Gentamicin was not detected in the serum of seven out of ten dogs in the drop protocol, and gentamicin was significantly higher in the 10-min protocol compared to the drop protocol (p = 0.001). This study found that the 10-min, 3-min and drop protocols achieved superior concentrations in NALF compared to the minimum inhibitory concentration for gentamicin-sensitive bacteria, while remaining below the toxic values in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Biénès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Aurélie Lyssens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Hélène Machiels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Marie Eve Hercot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Aline Fastres
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Tutunaru Alexandru-Cosmin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Marine Deville
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic, Industrial and Environmental Toxicology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University Hospital of Liege, 4130 Liege, Belgium; (M.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic, Industrial and Environmental Toxicology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University Hospital of Liege, 4130 Liege, Belgium; (M.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Frédéric Billen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, B67 Sart Tilman, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.E.H.); (T.A.-C.); (F.B.)
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Morsing MK, Larsen I, Pedersen KS, Weber NR, Nielsen JP. Efficacy of neomycin dosing regimens for treating enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-related post-weaning diarrhoea in a Danish nursery pig herd not using medicinal zinc oxide. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:46. [PMID: 36333767 PMCID: PMC9635141 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neomycin is a concentration-dependant aminoglycoside antimicrobial used to treat enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-related post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs. The objective was to compare the efficacy of neomycin administered in a single high dose (50,000 IU/kg) and a standard dose and frequency (25,000 IU/kg daily for 3 consecutive days) in reducing the number of pigs with clinical PWD. We also aimed to evaluate the development of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli following neomycin treatment. The study was performed in a Danish herd not using medicinal zinc oxide and experiencing outbreaks of PWD caused by ETEC in the first week after weaning. Pigs from six batches with perianal faecal staining on days 4–6 after weaning and a faecal score of 3–4 were ear tagged and treated with neomycin. Pens were randomly assigned to a treatment group before inclusion. A total of 772 pigs (471 in the control group and 301 in the experimental group) were included and treated orally. The apparent prevalence of diarrhoea on the first day of inclusion across six batches (n = 1,875) was 27%. The efficacy of the neomycin treatment strategy was 86% for the control group and 91% for the single high-dose group (p = 0.043), and the mean percentage (standard deviation (sd)) of haemolytic E. coli-like colonies was 12% (26) and 26% (37) (p < 0.001), respectively. Neomycin resistance did not differ between groups. Before treatment, all analysed isolates were identified as ETEC (n = 142), while after treatment, 91% were identified as ETEC (n = 69) and 9% (n = 7) as non-ETEC E. coli (without fimbria or toxins). A higher cure rate in the single high-dose group suggests that ETEC-related PWD can be treated with a single high dose of 50,000 IU/kg of neomycin, thereby reducing antimicrobial use by 33% compared to the standard treatment of 25,000 IU/kg for 3 consecutive days. The study indicated a higher number of haemolytic E. coli in the single high-dose group after treatment, but no evidence of increased neomycin resistance in coliforms was observed compared to the standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Kjelin Morsing
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Inge Larsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ken Steen Pedersen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Rosager Weber
- grid.436092.a0000 0000 9262 2261Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axeltorv 3, 1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Nielsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Drug-Dosing Adjustment in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030262. [PMID: 35158584 PMCID: PMC8833495 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a common kidney disorder in adult and aged dogs and cats; the management of associated complications and comorbidities generally requires a life-long medical treatment to ensure a good quality of life of affected patients. However, indications and the literature on drug dosing in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease are often lacking. The aim of this review is to revise the current literature on drug dosing in canine and feline patients with renal impairment, with a special focus on the most commonly used medications to manage chronic kidney disease and possible comorbidities.
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Burç M, Titretir Duran S, Güngör Ö, Köytepe S. High Sensitive Voltammetric Gentamicin Sensor using Poly (3‐thiophenecarboxylic acid‐co‐3‐methylthiophene) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Burç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences İnönü University, 44280 Malatya Türkiye
| | - Serap Titretir Duran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences İnönü University, 44280 Malatya Türkiye
| | - Öznur Güngör
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences İnönü University, 44280 Malatya Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Köytepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences İnönü University, 44280 Malatya Türkiye
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Hayes GM, Gibson TWG, Moens NMM, Monteiro B, Johnson RJ. Intra-articular pharmacokinetics of a gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge in the canine stifle: an experimental study. Vet Surg 2014; 43:166-73. [PMID: 24410710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate local and systemic pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intra-articular implantation of a gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge (GICS) in the inflamed canine joint. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive repeated measures experimental study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 9). METHODS Stifle joint inflammation was caused by urate injection. Twenty-four hours later a GICS (gentamicin dose, 6 mg/kg) was arthroscopically implanted. Synovial fluid and plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured for 14 days after implantation, and pharmacokinetic parameters modeled using statistical moment analyses. RESULTS Intra-articular gentamicin concentrations fell to sub-MIC for Staphylococcus sp. (4 µg/mL) by 22.4 hours (95% CI: 18.6-26.2) after sponge implantation. Cmax synovial was 2397 µg/mL (95%CI: 1161-3634 µg/mL) at 1.2 hours (95%CI: 0.5-1.8 hours). Plasma gentamicin concentrations achieved levels of Cmax plasma = 8.0 µg/mL (95%CI: 6.1-10.0 µg/mL) at 1.5 hours (95%CI: 0.8-2.1) after GICS placement and fell below target trough of 2.0 µg/mL by 5.6 hours (95%CI: 4.7-6.5 hours) after GICS placement. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular gentamicin concentration after GICS placement at an IV-equivalent dose reached high levels and declined rapidly. The maximum plasma levels attained were ∼1/3 of the recommended sub-toxic target for people after parenteral gentamicin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina M Hayes
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Critically ill animals may have preexisting renal disease or develop acute kidney injury as a consequence of their presenting complaint. Age, concurrent medical therapy, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, and exposure to potential nephrotoxicants are factors that predispose to acute kidney injury. Many risk factors are correctable or manageable, and these should be addressed whenever possible. Measurement of serum creatinine is insensitive for the detection of acute kidney injury, and clinicians should consider assessment of other parameters such as urine output, urinalysis, and urine chemistry results. A stepwise approach for management of acute kidney injury in small animal patients is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine F Lunn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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Widerhon N, Díaz D, Picco E, Rebuelto M, Encinas T, Carlos Boggio J. Chronopharmacokinetic Study of Gentamicin in Dogs. Chronobiol Int 2009; 22:731-9. [PMID: 16147903 DOI: 10.1080/07420520500179738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the time of day of single intravenous doses of gentamicin affects the drug's pharmacokinetics in dogs maintained under a 12 h light (08:00 to 20:00 h), 12 h dark (20:00 to 08:00 h) cycle. Using a crossover design, 6 mixed-breed male dogs received a single dose of 2 mg/kg of gentamicin at 8:00 or 20:00 h. Serial blood samples were collected and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated following each timed dose. The concentration of the antibiotic was lower following the 08:00 h compared to the 20:00 h administration. When gentamicin was administered at 20:00 h, the initial concentration, mean residence time, and area under the disposition curve were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment, apparent volume of distribution, apparent volume of distribution at steady-state, and total body clearance (1.73+/-0.55 at 20:00 h versus 3.31+/-0.67 L/min/kg at 08:00 h) were significantly lower than for the 08:00 h administration (p < 0.05). Our results show that the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin exhibits significant temporal variation when administered to dogs at different times of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelsa Widerhon
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Litoral, Argentina
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Abu-Basha EA, Idkaidek NM, Al-Shunnaq AF. Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin after Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and Oral Administration in Broiler Chickens. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:765-73. [PMID: 17273912 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-3565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gentamicin sulphate (5 mg/kg body weight) were studied in 50 female broiler chickens after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and oral administration. Blood samples were collected at time 0 (pretreatment), and at 5, 15 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after drug administration. Gentamicin concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay and Bacillus subtillis ATCC 6633 as a test organism. The limit of quantification was 0.2 microg/ml. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed using non-compartmental methods based on statistical moment theory. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half-life (t (1/2beta)), the mean residence time (MRT), the volume of distribution at steady state (V (ss)), the volume of distribution (V (d,area)) and the total body clearance (Cl(B)) were 2.93 +/- 0.15 h, 2.08 +/- 0.12 h, 0.77 +/- 0.05 L/kg, 1.68 +/- 0.39 L/kg and 5.06 +/- 0.21 ml/min per kg, respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the mean peak plasma concentrations (C (max)) were 11.37 +/- 0.73 and 16.65 +/- 1.36 microg/ml, achieved at a post-injection times (t (max)) of 0.55 +/- 0.05 and 0.75 +/- 0.08 h, respectively. The t (1/2beta) was 2.87 +/- 0.44 and 3.48 +/- 0.37 h, respectively after i.m. and s.c. administration. The V (d,area) and Cl(B) were 1.49 +/- 0.21 L/kg and 6.18 +/- 0.31 ml/min per kg, respectively, after i.m. administration and were 1.43 +/- 0.19 L/kg and 4.7 +/- 0.33 ml/min per kg, respectively, after s.c. administration. The absolute bioavailability (F) of gentamicin after i.m. administration was lower (79%) than that after s.c. administration (100%). Substantial differences in the resultant kinetics data were obtained between i.m. and s.c. administration. The in vitro protein binding of gentamicin in chicken plasma was 6.46%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Abu-Basha
- Department of Veterinary Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Sumano H, Gutierrez L, Velazquez C, Hayashida S. Pharmacokinetics and renal toxicity of three once-a-day doses of amikacin in cows. Acta Vet Hung 2005; 53:231-40. [PMID: 15959981 DOI: 10.1556/avet.53.2005.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic variables of amikacin in cows were determined after administration of amikacin sulphate either intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day for three days. Amikacin concentrations at time zero and maximum serum concentrations were 240.8 microg/mL and 122.53 microg/mL, respectively. The elimination half-life remained unchanged during the three days of administration (T1/2beta = 1.33 +/- 0.029 h for the IV route and T1/2beta = 2.75 +/- 0.38 h for the IM route). Apparent volumes of distribution suggest limited distribution out of the central compartment (VdAUC = 0.154 +/- 0.005 L/kg; Vdc = 36.50 +/- 2.35 L; Vdss = 0.092 +/- 0.004 L/kg). Bioavailability after IM administration was 95%. Serum profiles of urea, creatinine, albumin, electrolytes and pH after 5-day treatment with amikacin at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day IM revealed no changes. Assessment of diffusion of amikacin to milk by a commercially available screening method to detect antibiotic residues revealed that amikacin could not be detected by the fifth milking period after the last treatment. These results suggest that it would be rational to use a large single-daily dose of amikacin for future clinical trials in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sumano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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