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Pegram MD, Miles D, Tsui CK, Zong Y. HER2-Overexpressing/Amplified Breast Cancer as a Testing Ground for Antibody-Drug Conjugate Drug Development in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:775-786. [PMID: 31582515 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy data from the KATHERINE clinical trial, comparing the HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) to trastuzumab in patients with early-stage HER2-amplified/overexpressing breast cancer with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, demonstrates superiority of T-DM1 (HR for invasive disease or death, 0.50; P < 0.001). This establishes foundational precedent for ADCs as effective therapy for treatment of subclinical micrometastasis in an adjuvant (or post-neoadjuvant) early-stage solid tumor setting. Despite this achievement, general principles from proposed systems pharmacokinetic modeling for intracellular processing of ADCs indicate potential shortcomings of T-DM1: (i) C max limited by toxicities; (ii) slow internalization rate; (iii) resistance mechanisms due to defects in intracellular trafficking [loss of lysosomal transporter solute carrier family 46 member 3, (SLC46A3)], and increased expression of drug transporters MDR1 and MRP1; and (iv) lack of payload bystander effects limiting utility in tumors with heterogeneous HER2 expression. These handicaps may explain the inferiority of T-DM1-based therapy in the neoadjuvant and first-line metastatic HER2+ breast cancer settings, and lack of superiority to chemotherapy in HER2+ advanced gastric cancer. In this review, we discuss how each of these limitations is being addressed by manipulating internalization and trafficking using HER2:HER2 bispecific or biparatopic antibody backbones, using site-specific, fixed DAR conjugation chemistry, and payload swapping to exploit alternative intracellular targets and to promote bystander effects. Newer HER2-directed ADCs have impressive clinical activity even against tumors with lower levels of HER2 receptor expression. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical efforts to combine HER2 ADCs with other treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - David Miles
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yu Zong
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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2
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Co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and proteins for synergistic therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:64-76. [PMID: 26546464 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy with chemotherapeutics and protein therapeutics, typically cytokines and antibodies, has been a type of crucial approaches for synergistic cancer treatment. However, conventional approaches by simultaneous administration of free chemotherapeutic drugs and proteins lead to limitations for further optimizing the synergistic effects, due to the distinct in vivo pharmacokinetics and distribution of small drugs and proteins, insufficient tumor selectivity and tumor accumulation, unpredictable drug/protein ratios at tumor sites, short half-lives, and serious systemic adverse effects. Consequently, to obtain optimal synergistic anti-tumor efficacy, considerable efforts have been devoted to develop the co-delivery systems for co-incorporating chemotherapeutics and proteins into a single carrier system and subsequently releasing the dual or multiple payloads at desired target sites in a more controllable manner. The co-delivery systems result in markedly enhanced blood stability and in vivo half-lives of the small drugs and proteins, elevated tumor accumulation, as well as the capability of delivering the multiple agents to the same target sites with rational drug/protein ratios, which may facilitate maximizing the synergistic effects and therefore lead to optimal antitumor efficacy. This review emphasizes the recent advances in the co-delivery systems for chemotherapeutics and proteins, typically cytokines and antibodies, for systemic or localized synergistic cancer treatment. Moreover, the proposed mechanisms responsible for the synergy of chemotherapeutic drugs and proteins are discussed.
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3
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Yu K, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Teng L, Li Y. Enhanced delivery of Paclitaxel using electrostatically-conjugated Herceptin-bearing PEI/PLGA nanoparticles against HER-positive breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:78-87. [PMID: 26617314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel nanoparticle delivery system fabricated from polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), which were able to deliver the chemotherapeutic agent Paclitaxel, while the biomacromolecule Herceptin acted as a targeting ligand that was conjugated onto the surfaces of the nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions. In this study, these electrostatically-conjugated Herceptin-bearing PEI/PLGA nanoparticles (eHER-PPNs) were optimized and employed as vectors to target HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The eHER-PPNs had an average diameter of ∼ 280 nm and a neutral surface charge (1.00 ± 0.73 mV), which remained stable under physiological conditions. The anticancer effects of eHER-PPNs were investigated in HER2-positive BT474 cells and HER2-negative MCF7 cells. The eHER-PPNs showed enhanced cytotoxicity that was dependent on the receptor expression levels and the incubation time. These conjugated nanoparticles deliver Paclitaxel more efficiently (p<0.001) than unmodified PPNs, Herceptin and the combined effects of these two monotherapies. Furthermore, the chemically-conjugated Herceptin-bearing PEI/PLGA nanoparticles (cHER-PPNs) were fabricated as a comparison. The eHER-PPNs exhibited lower cell viability (46.7%) than that of cHER-PPNs (65.1%). The targeting ability of eHER-PPNs was demonstrated through confocal microscopy images and flow cytometry, which showed that eHER-PPNs displayed higher cellular uptake efficiency (p<0.001) in comparison with cHER-PPNs. Therefore, eHER-PPNs could provide promising platforms for the delivery of therapeutic drugs against HER2-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongtong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Zunkai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Yin Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China.
| | - Youxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street No.2699, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China.
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4
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Nani RR, Gorka AP, Nagaya T, Kobayashi H, Schnermann MJ. Near-IR Light-Mediated Cleavage of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using Cyanine Photocages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13635-8. [PMID: 26403799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the clinical application of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), novel cleavage strategies that provide improved selectivity are still needed. Herein is reported the first approach that uses near-IR light to cleave a small molecule from a biomacromolecule, and its application to the problem of ADC linkage. The preparation of cyanine antibody conjugates, drug cleavage mediated by 690 nm light, and initial in vitro and in vivo evaluation is described. These studies provide the critical chemical underpinning from which to develop this near-IR light cleavable linker strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Nani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (USA)
| | - Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (USA)
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (USA)
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (USA)
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (USA).
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5
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Nani RR, Gorka AP, Nagaya T, Kobayashi H, Schnermann MJ. Near-IR Light-Mediated Cleavage of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using Cyanine Photocages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Pegram MD. Treating the HER2 pathway in early and advanced breast cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 27:751-65, viii. [PMID: 23915743 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ERBB2 gene amplification occurs in ∼20% of human breast cancers (BC) and is associated with an adverse clinical prognosis, indicating that it may be playing a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Therapeutic strategies targeting pathologic ERBB2 overexpression have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of BC. Indeed, humanized anti-ERBB2 antibodies, small molecule ERBB2 kinase inhibitors and ERBB2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates have proven safety and efficacy based upon evidence from randomized phase III clinical trials. Recent progress in targeting ERBB2 alteration will be reviewed, with focus on data that has informed changes in clinical practice for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pegram
- Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA.
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7
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Kim H, Lee Y, Lee IH, Kim S, Kim D, Saw PE, Lee J, Choi M, Kim YC, Jon S. Synthesis and therapeutic evaluation of an aptide–docetaxel conjugate targeting tumor-associated fibronectin. J Control Release 2014; 178:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Stack GD, Walsh JJ. Optimising the delivery of tubulin targeting agents through antibody conjugation. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2972-84. [PMID: 22777294 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite their side effect profile, there currently remains a heavy reliance on traditional cytotoxics and particularly tubulin targeting agents in cancer chemotherapy. To address this concern, significant progress has been made in the selective delivery of drugs to the tumour site. This review will examine the published data in support of the hypothesis that forming antibody conjugates of tubulin targeting agents is an effective approach towards their more effective delivery to the tumour site. Particular emphasis will be placed on the diversity of concepts under investigation, the efficacy of resultant conjugates, evidence of decreased resistance and the side effect profiles of the conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Stack
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Li S, Gray BP, McGuire MJ, Brown KC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a peptide-paclitaxel conjugate which targets the integrin αvβ₆. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5480-9. [PMID: 21868241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The integrin α(v)β(6) is an emergent biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as other carcinomas. We previously developed a tetrameric peptide, referred to as H2009.1, which binds α(v)β(6) and displays minimal affinity for other RGD-binding integrins. Here we report the use of this peptide to actively deliver paclitaxel to α(v)β(6)-positive cells. We synthesized a water soluble paclitaxel-H2009.1 peptide conjugate in which the 2'-position of paclitaxel is attached to the tetrameric peptide via an ester linkage. The conjugate maintains its specificity for α(v)β(6)-expressing NSCLC cells, resulting in selective cytotoxicity. Treatment of α(v)β(6)-positive cells with the conjugate results in cell cycle arrest followed by induction of apoptosis in the same manner as free paclitaxel. However, initiation of apoptosis and the resultant cell death is delayed compared to free drug. The conjugate demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a H2009 xenograft model of NSCLC with efficacy comparable to treatment with free paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunzi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8852, USA
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10
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Dosio F, Stella B, Arpicco S, Cattel L. Macromolecules as taxane delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 8:33-55. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.541437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel water-soluble N-mustards as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:471-85. [PMID: 21106377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel water-soluble N-mustard-benzene conjugates bearing a urea linker were synthesized. The benzene moiety contains various hydrophilic side chains are linked to the meta- or para-position of the urea linker via a carboxamide or an ether linkage. The preliminary antitumor studies revealed that these agents exhibited potent cytotoxicity in vitro and therapeutic efficacy against human tumor xenografts in vivo. Remarkably, complete tumor remission in nude mice bearing human breast carcinoma MX-1 xenograft and significant suppression against prostate adenocarcinoma PC3 xenograft were achieved by treating with compound 9aa' at the maximum tolerable dose with relatively low toxicity. We also demonstrate that the newly synthesized compounds are able to induce DNA cross-linking through alkaline agarose gel shift assay. A pharmacokinetic profile of the representative 9aa' in rats was also investigated. The current studies suggest that this agent is a promising candidate for preclinical studies.
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12
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Leamon CP, Reddy JA, Klein PJ, Vlahov IR, Dorton R, Bloomfield A, Nelson M, Westrick E, Parker N, Bruna K, Vetzel M, Gehrke M, Nicoson JS, Messmann RA, LoRusso PM, Sausville EA. Reducing Undesirable Hepatic Clearance of a Tumor-Targeted Vinca Alkaloid via Novel Saccharopeptidic Modifications. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:336-43. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Lee AL, Wang Y, Cheng HY, Pervaiz S, Yang YY. The co-delivery of paclitaxel and Herceptin using cationic micellar nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2009; 30:919-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Leamon CP, Reddy JA, Vetzel M, Dorton R, Westrick E, Parker N, Wang Y, Vlahov I. Folate Targeting Enables Durable and Specific Antitumor Responses from a Therapeutically Null Tubulysin B Analogue. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9839-44. [PMID: 19047164 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Madhusudan S, Ganesan TS. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cancer therapy. RECENT RESULTS IN CANCER RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER KREBSFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DANS LES RECHERCHES SUR LE CANCER 2007; 172:25-44. [PMID: 17607934 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-31209-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Basson MA, Watson-Johnson J, Shakya R, Akbulut S, Hyink D, Costantini FD, Wilson PD, Mason IJ, Licht JD. Branching morphogenesis of the ureteric epithelium during kidney development is coordinated by the opposing functions of GDNF and Sprouty1. Dev Biol 2006; 299:466-77. [PMID: 17022962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Branching of ureteric bud-derived epithelial tubes is a key morphogenetic process that shapes development of the kidney. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) initiates ureteric bud formation and promotes subsequent branching morphogenesis. Exactly how GDNF coordinates branching morphogenesis is unclear. Here we show that the absence of the receptor tyrosine kinase antagonist Sprouty1 (Spry1) results in irregular branching morphogenesis characterized by both increased number and size of ureteric bud tips. Deletion of Spry1 specifically in the epithelium is associated with increased epithelial Wnt11 expression as well as increased mesenchymal Gdnf expression. We propose that Spry1 regulates a Gdnf/Ret/Wnt11-positive feedback loop that coordinates mesenchymal-epithelial dialogue during branching morphogenesis. Genetic experiments indicate that the positive (GDNF) and inhibitory (Sprouty1) signals have to be finely balanced throughout renal development to prevent hypoplasia or cystic hyperplasia. Epithelial cysts develop in Spry1-deficient kidneys that share several molecular characteristics with those observed in human disease, suggesting that Spry1 null mice may be useful animal models for cystic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albert Basson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Germershaus O, Merdan T, Bakowsky U, Behe M, Kissel T. Trastuzumab−Polyethylenimine−Polyethylene Glycol Conjugates for Targeting Her2-Expressing Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1190-9. [PMID: 16984128 DOI: 10.1021/bc0601119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a conjugate consisting of poly(ethylene glycol 2,000 Da)(10)-graft-poly(ethylene imine 25 kDa) (PEG-PEI) covalently coupled to Trastuzumab (Herceptin) via N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) for specific gene delivery to Her2-expressing cell lines. The efficiency of DNA condensation was studied using an ethidium bromide exclusion assay and demonstrated negligible differences compared to PEG-PEI. Conjugate complex sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering to be in the range 130-180 nm. zeta potentials at different N/P ratios were close to neutral. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed efficient binding and uptake of Trastuzumab-PEI-PEG complexes using Her2-positive SK-BR-3 cells. In contrast, binding and uptake into Her2-negative OVCAR-3 cells was negligible. In good correlation with these findings, reporter gene expression using targeted complexes in SK-BR-3 cells was up to sevenfold higher than that of unmodified PEG-PEI complexes. With the use OVCAR-3 cells, no significant difference in expression efficiencies could be observed between conjugate and PEG-PEI complexes. Inhibition experiments with free Trastuzumab showed a significant decrease in reporter gene expression using SK-BR-3 cells but no decrease using OVCAR-3 cells, strongly supporting a specific Her2-receptor-mediated uptake mechanism. Our results suggest that Trastuzumab-PEI-PEG might be a promising new bioconjugate for targeted gene transfer to Her2-positive tumor cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Germershaus
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Abstract
How, if at all, can drug delivery help to create ideal drugs? After four decades of trying, an effective site-specific drug-delivery system has not yet been developed. This review draws attention to the pharmacokinetic conditions that must be met to achieve a successful performance by site-selective drug-carrier delivery systems. In a drug-carrier approach, a drug is attached to a macromolecular carrier via a chemically labile linker. The carrier transports the drug to its site of action and releases it at the target site. For this simple approach to work, several fundamental conditions (nonspecific interactions, target site access, drug release and drug suitability) must be satisfied. The importance of these essential requirements, not always recognized in the development of drug-delivery systems, is discussed and illustrated by recent examples selected from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Petrak
- PJP Innovations, 707 Knox Street, Houston, Texas 77007, USA.
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19
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Fantin VR, Berardi MJ, Babbe H, Michelman MV, Manning CM, Leder P. A bifunctional targeted peptide that blocks HER-2 tyrosine kinase and disables mitochondrial function in HER-2-positive carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6891-900. [PMID: 16061673 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The HER-2 oncoprotein is commonly overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies and has become an attractive antitumor target. A number of strategies to inhibit the HER-2 receptor tyrosine kinase are currently the focus of intensive preclinical and clinical research. In the present study, we have engineered a bifunctional peptide, BHAP, which consists of two modular domains: a HER-2-targeting/neutralizing domain and a mitochondriotoxic, proapoptotic domain. The chimeric peptide is biologically active and capable of selectively triggering apoptosis of HER-2-overexpressing cancer cells in culture, even those previously described as Herceptin resistant. Furthermore, BHAP slows down growth of HER-2-overexpressing human mammary xenografts established in SCID mice. This approach can be extended to the development of tailored targeted chimeric peptides against a number of overexpressed cellular receptors implicated in the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Fantin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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20
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Guillemard V, Nedev HN, Berezov A, Murali R, Saragovi HU. HER2-mediated internalization of a targeted prodrug cytotoxic conjugate is dependent on the valency of the targeting ligand. DNA Cell Biol 2005; 24:350-8. [PMID: 15941387 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2005.24.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is a validated therapeutic target for cancer. There are no natural ligands, but monoclonal antibodies and peptides that bind HER2 act as artificial ligands, selectively affecting HER2-overexpressing tumors. One reported mechanism for this effect is receptor downregulation, but the expected correlation of ligand-dependent HER2 internalization and tumor inhibition remain poorly characterized. Moreover, HER2 ligands have limited therapeutic efficacy and often they require adjuvant treatment with the chemotherapeutic Taxol. Here, we generated a series of HER2 ligands (Anti-HER2/neu peptide ligands, AHNPmonovalent and AHNPbivalent) with different valency and correlated their internalization-promoting ability to biological potency. Since AHNPbivalent (but not AHNPmonovalent) induces rapid receptor internalization, we exploited this feature to deliver cytotoxic conjugates coupling AHNPbivalent and Taxol (Taxol . AHNPbivalent). The prodrug conjugate releases Taxol after receptor-mediated internalization, and cytotoxicity can be used as a marker of internalization. Taxol . AHNPbivalent is significantly more cytotoxic than free Taxol + free AHNPbivalent. Hence, the Taxol x AHNP(bivalent) prodrug binds to HER2, induces receptor internalization and downregulation, and the subsequent release of free Taxol inside the targeted cell results in synergistic toxicity, The effect is selective towards HER2- expressing cells. This work links HER2 receptor internalization and growth arrest, and the chemical conjugation strategy may yield improved and HER2 selective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Guillemard
- McGill University, Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Oncology/Cancer Center, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Olafsen T, Kenanova VE, Sundaresan G, Anderson AL, Crow D, Yazaki PJ, Li L, Press MF, Gambhir SS, Williams LE, Wong JYC, Raubitschek AA, Shively JE, Wu AM. Optimizing radiolabeled engineered anti-p185HER2 antibody fragments for in vivo imaging. Cancer Res 2005; 65:5907-16. [PMID: 15994969 PMCID: PMC4161125 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described the in vivo properties of an iodinated anti-p185HER2 engineered antibody fragment [minibody (scFv-C(H)3)2; 80 kDa], made from the internalizing 10H8 monoclonal antibody. Although the 10H8 minibody showed excellent binding to the target in vitro, only modest tumor uptake [5.6 +/- 1.7% injected dose per gram (ID/g) of tissue] was achieved in nude mice bearing MCF7/HER2 breast cancer tumors. Here, in an attempt to improve targeting, the 10H8 minibody was conjugated to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N', N'', N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), radiometal labeled, and evaluated in vivo. The tumor uptake of 111In-DOTA 10H8 minibody was 5.7 +/- 0.1% ID/g, similar to the radioiodinated 10H8 minibody. However, in addition to the expected liver clearance, the kidneys had unexpectedly high activity (34.0 +/- 4.0% ID/g). A minibody derived from a second anti-p185(HER2) antibody (trastuzumab; hu4D5v8) was also made. Tumor uptakes, evaluated by quantitative microPET using 64Cu-DOTA hu4D5v8 minibody, were 4.2 +/- 0.5% ID/g. Furthermore, in non-tumor-bearing mice, 111In-DOTA hu4D5v8 minibody exhibited similar elevated uptake in the kidneys (28.4 +/- 6.5% ID/g). Immunohistochemical staining of kidneys from non-tumor-bearing mice showed strong specific staining of the proximal tubules, and Western blot analysis of kidney lysate confirmed the presence of cross-reactive antigen. To further improve tumor uptake and normal tissue distribution, a larger hu4D5v8 fragment [(scFv-C(H)2-C(H)3)2; 105 kDa] was made, engineered to exhibit rapid clearance kinetics. This fragment, when evaluated by microPET, exhibited improved tumor targeting (12.2 +/- 2.4% ID/g) and reduced kidney uptake (13.1 +/- 1.5% ID/g). Thus, by manipulating the size and format of anti-p185(HER2) antibody fragments, the kidney activity was reduced and high or low expression of p185HER2 in xenografts could be distinguished by microPET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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22
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Lin MZ, Teitell MA, Schiller GJ. The Evolution of Antibodies into Versatile Tumor-Targeting Agents. Clin Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.129.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, monoclonal antibodies have become important weapons in the arsenal of anticancer drugs, and in select cases are now the drugs of choice due to their favorable toxicity profiles. Originally developed to confer passive immunity against tumor-specific antigens, clinical uses of monoclonal antibodies are expanding to include growth factor sequestration, signal transduction modulation, and tumor-specific drug delivery. In this review, we shall present the origins of antibody therapeutics within the field of immunotherapy and their evolution into effective anticancer agents, then discuss their multiple mechanisms of action, the basis of their tumor selectivity, and their therapeutic properties compared with traditional therapies. Antibodies are complex molecules whose efficacy and toxicity depend on the antigen, the antibody, any conjugated groups, and even the patient. Finally, we shall present new technologies being developed to increase the efficacy and selectivity of antibody-based therapeutics. Interestingly, many of the new approaches straddle the middle ground between immunotherapy and the traditional modalities of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and can be seen as ways of combining the selectivity of the former with the efficacy of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- 2Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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23
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Baloglu E, Miller ML, Roller EE, Cavanagh EE, Leece BA, Goldmacher VS, Chari RVJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel taxoids designed for targeted delivery to tumors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5885-8. [PMID: 15501062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of drug-antibody conjugates affords a method for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs specifically to cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies alone usually do not possess high therapeutic efficacy, however, they are capable of targeting tumor markers selectively. We have prepared taxoids with significantly higher cytotoxicity than paclitaxel and docetaxel. These taxoids now meet the high potency required for use in a targeted-delivery approach using monoclonal antibodies. The synthesis and biological evaluation of these taxoids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Baloglu
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 128 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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