Ing EB, Philteos J, Sholohov G, Kim DT, Nijhawan N, Mark PW, Gilbert J. Local anesthesia and anxiolytic techniques for oculoplastic surgery.
Clin Ophthalmol 2019;
13:153-160. [PMID:
30666086 PMCID:
PMC6330983 DOI:
10.2147/opth.s188790]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study discusses local anesthetic agents, administration techniques, ancillary considerations, and safety precautions for oculoplastic surgery including eyelid, lacrimal, orbital, and temporal artery biopsy procedures. Methods for reducing patient apprehension and discomfort including systemic premedication, topical pre-anesthetic, visual, auditory and tactile distraction techniques, regional blocks, small gauge needles, warmed lidocaine, and buffered lidocaine are discussed.
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