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He J, Wei C, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Pan J, Liu J, Wu Y, Cui S. Zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol inhibit the synthesis and secretion of pig follicle stimulating hormone via the non-classical estrogen membrane receptor GPR30. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:43-54. [PMID: 28830788 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the most popular endocrine-disrupting chemicals and is mainly produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. The excessive intake of ZEA severely disrupts human and animal fertility by affecting the reproductive axis. However, most studies on the effects of ZEA and its metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) on reproductive systems have focused on gonads. Few studies have investigated the endocrine-disrupting effects of ZEA and α-ZOL on pituitary gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ZEA and α-ZOL on the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH and related mechanisms in female pig pituitary. Our in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that ZEA significantly inhibited the synthesis and secretion of FSH in the pig pituitary gland, but ZEA and α-ZOL had no effects on LH. Our study also showed that ZEA and α-ZOL decreased FSH synthesis and secretion through non-classical estrogen membrane receptor GPR30, which subsequently induced protein kinase cascades and the phosphorylation of PKC, ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathways in pig pituitary cells. Furthermore, our study showed that the LIM homeodomain transcription factor LHX3 was involved in the mechanisms of ZEA and α-ZOL actions on gonadotropes in the female pig pituitary. These findings elucidate the mechanisms behind the physiological alterations resulting from endocrine-disrupting chemicals and further show that the proposed key molecules of the α-ZOL signaling pathway could be potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Cao J, Wu M, Ma X, Liu Z, Liu R, Zhao F, Wei C, Du L. Genome-Wide Specific Selection in Three Domestic Sheep Breeds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128688. [PMID: 26083354 PMCID: PMC4471085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial sheep raised for mutton grow faster than traditional Chinese sheep breeds. Here, we aimed to evaluate genetic selection among three different types of sheep breed: two well-known commercial mutton breeds and one indigenous Chinese breed. RESULTS We first combined locus-specific branch lengths and di statistical methods to detect candidate regions targeted by selection in the three different populations. The results showed that the genetic distances reached at least medium divergence for each pairwise combination. We found these two methods were highly correlated, and identified many growth-related candidate genes undergoing artificial selection. For production traits, APOBR and FTO are associated with body mass index. For meat traits, ALDOA, STK32B and FAM190A are related to marbling. For reproduction traits, CCNB2 and SLC8A3 affect oocyte development. We also found two well-known genes, GHR (which affects meat production and quality) and EDAR (associated with hair thickness) were associated with German mutton merino sheep. Furthermore, four genes (POL, RPL7, MSL1 and SHISA9) were associated with pre-weaning gain in our previous genome-wide association study. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that combine locus-specific branch lengths and di statistical approaches can reduce the searching ranges for specific selection. And we got many credible candidate genes which not only confirm the results of previous reports, but also provide a suite of novel candidate genes in defined breeds to guide hybridization breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxve Cao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizao Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Shimanuki SI, Mikawa A, Miyake Y, Hamasima N, Mikawa S, Awata T. Structure and polymorphism analysis of transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in pigs. Biochem Genet 2008; 43:491-500. [PMID: 16341765 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-005-8165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for growth and reproductive traits have been detected on the porcine chromosome region 1qter (SSC1qter), making it one of the most important genomic regions for pig breeding. SSC1q corresponds to human chromosome 9, on which lies transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1). We cloned the porcine TGFBR1 cDNA and gene (as a candidate for QTL) and analyzed the gene structure and polymorphism. Porcine TGFBR1 consists of 9 exons and 8 introns. Intron 2 is alternatively spliced at the acceptor site, resulting in two kinds of mRNA, with putative open reading frames of 1500 and 1512 bp in length. The shorter one encodes 499 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence has 96.2 and 97.2% sequence similarity to those of human and bovine TGFBR1, respectively. The sequence similarity between porcine and murine TGFBR1 is 95.6%. We detected three single-nucleotide substitutions in exons 1, 2, and 7. Those in exons 1 and 7 are nonsynonymous substitutions resulting in Pro8Ser and Ile413Val substitutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Shimanuki
- Animal Genome Research Program, Society for Techno-innovation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kaminski S, Help H, Brym P, Rusc A, Wójcik E. SNiPORK - a microarray of SNPs in candidate genes potentially associated with pork yield and quality - development and validation in commercial breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2008; 19:43-69. [PMID: 18228175 DOI: 10.1080/10495390701880946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SNiPORK is an oligonucleotide microarray based on the arrayed primer extension (APEX) technique, allowing genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of interest for pork yield and quality traits. APEX consists of a sequencing reaction primed by an oligonucleotide anchored with its 5' end to a glass slide and terminating one nucleotide before the polymorphic site. Extension with one fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotide complementary to the template reveals the polymorphism. Ninety SNPs were selected from those associated directly or potentially with pork traits. Of the 90 SNPs, 5 did not produce a positive signal. For 85 SNPs, 100% repeatiblity was proved by double genotyping of 13 randomly chosen boars. In addition, the accuracy of genotyping was verified in 2 sib-families by a Mendelian inheritance of 49-50 homozygous genotypes from sire to sons. Three genotype discrepancies were found (97% accuracy rate). All inaccurities were confirmed by an alternative method (sequencing and PCR-RFLP assays). Moreover, the exclusion power of the chip was evalueted by an SNP inheritance analysis of unrelated boars within each sib-family. In the validation step, 88 boars (13 Pietrain, 31 Landrace, 16 Large White, 8 Duroc, 7 Hampshire x Pietrain crosses, and 13 other hybrid lines) were screened to validate SNPs. Among the 85 selected SNPs, 12 were found to be monoallelic, the rest showing at least two genotypes for the entire population under study. The primary application of the SNiPORK chip is the simultaneous genotyping of dozens of SNPs to study gene interaction and consequently better understand the genetic background of pork yield and quality. The chip may prospectively be used for evolutionary studies, evaluation of genetic distances between wild and domestic pig breeds, traceability tests, as well as the starting point for developing a platform for identification and paternity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Kaminski
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Jennen DGJ, Brings AD, Liu G, Jüngst H, Tholen E, Jonas E, Tesfaye D, Schellander K, Phatsara C. Genetic aspects concerning drip loss and water-holding capacity of porcine meat. J Anim Breed Genet 2007; 124 Suppl 1:2-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhu M, Zhao S. Candidate gene identification approach: progress and challenges. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3:420-7. [PMID: 17998950 PMCID: PMC2043166 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been widely applied in identification of genes responsible for biomedically, economically, or even evolutionarily important complex and quantitative traits, traditional candidate gene approach is largely limited by its reliance on the priori knowledge about the physiological, biochemical or functional aspects of possible candidates. Such limitation results in a fatal information bottleneck, which has apparently become an obstacle for further applications of traditional candidate gene approach on many occasions. While the identification of candidate genes involved in genetic traits of specific interest remains a challenge, significant progress in this subject has been achieved in the last few years. Several strategies have been developed, or being developed, to break the barrier of information bottleneck. Recently, being a new developing method of candidate gene approach, digital candidate gene approach (DigiCGA) has emerged and been primarily applied to identify potential candidate genes in some studies. This review summarizes the progress, application software, online tools, and challenges related to this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Buske B, Sternstein I, Brockmann G. QTL and candidate genes for fecundity in sows. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 95:167-83. [PMID: 16460893 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fecundity in pigs is a trait of major economic interest but low heritability. For the improvement of fecundity, genetic markers for selection are desirable and therefore, several searches for genetic variation influencing fecundity have been performed. The aim of this review is to compare and to evaluate all published QTL analyses and candidate gene approaches concerning reproductive traits in sows. For this purpose, we present a comprehensive cytogenetic map comprising 54 QTL and 11 candidate genes with influence on reproductive traits. The evaluation and comparison of the results showed similarities, but also marked differences among studies. Reasons for different results are multicausal and are due to differences between resource populations, number of evaluated animals, mating systems, measured phenotypical traits and environmental influences. We could show that chromosome 8 and to a lower extend chromosome 7 are the most important chromosomes with regard to reproductive traits in pigs. For further research, fine mapping of the identified QTL regions is necessary in order to confirm and to narrow the most likely chromosomal intervals. Although difficult to perform, an advance would be a standardization of the experimental setup in particular, in respect to the collection of phenotypic data. Furthermore, we suggest to publish the information on further identified QTL and candidate genes as comprehensive and accurate as possible in order to allow a more transparent comparison and collation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Buske
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty, Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, 10115 Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, Germany.
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Yaden BC, Garcia M, Smith TPL, Rhodes SJ. Two promoters mediate transcription from the human LHX3 gene: involvement of nuclear factor I and specificity protein 1. Endocrinology 2006; 147:324-37. [PMID: 16179410 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The LHX3 transcription factor is required for pituitary and nervous system development in mammals. Mutations in the human gene are associated with hormone-deficiency diseases. The gene generates two mRNAs, hLHX3a and hLHX3b, which encode three proteins with different properties. Here, the cis elements and trans-acting factors that regulate the basal transcription of the two mRNAs are characterized. A comparative approach was taken featuring analysis of seven mammalian Lhx3 genes, with a focus on the human gene. Two conserved, TATA-less, GC-rich promoters that are used to transcribe the mRNAs precede exons 1a and 1b of hLHX3. Transcription start sites were mapped for both promoters. Deletion experiments showed most activity for reporter genes containing the basal promoters in the context of -2.0 kb of hLHX3a and 1.8 kb of intron 1a (hLHX3b). Transfection, site-directed mutation, electrophoretic mobility shift, Southwestern blot, and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches were used to characterize the interaction of transcription factors with conserved elements in the promoters. Specificity protein 1 is a regulator of both promoters through interaction with GC boxes. In addition, a distal element within intron 1a that is recognized by nuclear factor I is critical for hLHX3b promoter function. We conclude that dual promoters allow regulated production of two hLHX3 mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Yaden
- Department of Biology (B.C.Y., M.G.), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Current Research Status for Economically Important and Disease Related Genes in Major Livestock Species. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2005.47.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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