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Yokomizo T, Shimizu T. The leukotriene B 4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 as potential therapeutic targets. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:30-41. [PMID: 36908237 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) was recognized as an arachidonate-derived chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and an important drug target even before the molecular identification of its receptors. We cloned the high- and low-affinity LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, respectively, and examined their functions by generating and studying gene-targeted mice. BLT1 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immune diseases, including asthma, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Meanwhile, BLT2 is a high-affinity receptor for 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, which is involved in the maintenance of dermal and intestinal barrier function, and the acceleration of skin and corneal wound healing. Thus, BLT1 antagonists and BLT2 agonists are promising candidates in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Shioda R, Jo-Watanabe A, Okuno T, Saeki K, Nakayama M, Suzuki Y, Yokomizo T. The leukotriene B 4 /BLT1-dependent neutrophil accumulation exacerbates immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22789. [PMID: 36692419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crescent formation is the most important pathological finding that defines the prognosis of nephritis. Although neutrophils are known to play an important role in the progression of crescentic glomerulonephritis, such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, the key chemoattractant for neutrophils in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis has not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that a lipid chemoattractant, leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), and its receptor BLT1 are primarily involved in disease pathogenesis in a mouse model of immune complex-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis. Circulating neutrophils accumulated into glomeruli within 1 h after disease onset, which was accompanied by LTB4 accumulation in the kidney cortex, leading to kidney injury. LTB4 was produced by cross-linking of Fc gamma receptors on neutrophils. Mice deficient in BLT1 or LTB4 biosynthesis exhibited suppressed initial neutrophil infiltration and subsequent thrombotic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis. Depletion of neutrophils before, but not after, disease onset prevented proteinuria and kidney injury, indicating the essential role of neutrophils in the early phase of glomerulonephritis. Administration of a BLT1 antagonist before and after disease onset almost completely suppressed induction of glomerulonephritis. Finally, we found that the glomeruli from patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis contained more BLT1-positive cells than glomeruli from patients with other etiologies. Taken together, the LTB4 -BLT1 axis is the key driver of neutrophilic glomerular inflammation, and will be a novel therapeutic target for the crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Shioda
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Airi Jo-Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Recent advances in function and structure of two leukotriene B 4 receptors: BLT1 and BLT2. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115178. [PMID: 35850310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is generated by the enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid, which is then released from the cell membrane and acts as a potent activator of leukocytes and other inflammatory cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the physiological and pathophysiological significance of this lipid in various diseases. LTB4 exerts its activities by binding to its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): BLT1 and BLT2. In mouse disease models, treatment with BLT1 antagonists or BLT1 gene ablation attenuated various diseases, including bronchial asthma, arthritis, and psoriasis, whereas BLT2 deficiency exacerbated several diseases in the skin, cornea, and small intestine. Therefore, BLT1 inhibitors and BLT2 activators could be beneficial for the treatment of several inflammatory and immune disorders. As a result, attractive compounds targeting LTB4 receptors have been developed by several pharmaceutical companies. This review aims to understand the potential of BLT1 and BLT2 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In addition, recent topics are discussed with major focuses on the structure and post-translational modifications of BLT1 and BLT2. Collectively, current evidence on modulating LTB4 receptor functions provides new strategies for the treatment of various diseases.
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4
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Yano J, White DJ, Sampson AP, Wormley FL, Fidel PL. Leukotrienes Are Dispensable for Vaginal Neutrophil Recruitment as Part of the Immunopathological Response During Experimental Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739385. [PMID: 34867856 PMCID: PMC8635733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the vaginal lumen is the hallmark of an acute immunopathologic inflammatory response during vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans. Recurrent VVC (RVVC) remains a chronic health burden in affected women worldwide despite the use of antifungal therapy. Based on the role leukotrienes (LTs) play in promoting inflammation, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) targeted for LTB4 (etalocib) or LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 (zafirlukast or montelukast) have been shown to reduce inflammation of epithelial tissues. An open-label pilot study using long-term regimens of zafirlukast in women with RVVC indicated the potential for some relief from recurrent episodes. To investigate this clinical observation further, we evaluated the effects of LT antagonistic agents and LT deficiency on the immunopathogenic response in a mouse model of VVC. Results showed that mice given daily intraperitoneal injections of individual LTRAs, starting 2days prior to vaginal inoculation with C. albicans and continuing through 14days post-inoculation, had no measurable reduction in PMN migration. The LTRAs were also ineffective in reducing levels of the hallmark vaginal inflammatory markers (S100A8, IL-1β) and tissue damage (LDH) associated with the immunopathogenic response. Finally, LT-deficient 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice showed comparable levels of vaginal fungal burden and PMN infiltration to wild-type mice following inoculation with a vaginal (ATCC 96113) or laboratory (SC5314) C. albicans isolate. These results indicate that despite some clinical evidence suggestive of off-target efficacy of LTRAs in RVVC, LTs and associated signaling pathways appear to be dispensable in the immunopathogenesis of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yano
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David J White
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Sampson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Floyd L Wormley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Paul L Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Archambault AS, Poirier S, Lefebvre JS, Robichaud PP, Larose MC, Turcotte C, Martin C, Provost V, Boudreau LH, McDonald PP, Laviolette M, Surette ME, Flamand N. 20-Hydroxy- and 20-carboxy-leukotriene (LT) B4
downregulate LTB4
-mediated responses of human neutrophils and eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1131-1142. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0718-306r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Archambault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Samuel Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
- Département de chimie et de biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Julie-S Lefebvre
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | | | - Marie-Chantal Larose
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Véronique Provost
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Luc H. Boudreau
- Département de chimie et de biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Patrick P. McDonald
- Centre de recherche du CHUS et Faculté de Médecine; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Département de chimie et de biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
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6
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Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T. Leukotriene receptors as potential therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2691-2701. [PMID: 29757196 DOI: 10.1172/jci97946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of arachidonic acid-derived bioactive molecules, are known as mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions and considered to be important drug targets. Although an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and antagonists of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor are clinically used for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, these medications were developed before the molecular identification of leukotriene receptors. Numerous studies using cloned leukotriene receptors and genetically engineered mice have unveiled new pathophysiological roles for leukotrienes. This Review covers the recent findings on leukotriene receptors to revisit them as new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Hennig R, Ventura J, Segersvard R, Ward E, Ding XZ, Rao SM, Jovanovic BD, Iwamura T, Talamonti MS, Bell RH, Adrian TE. LY293111 improves efficacy of gemcitabine therapy on pancreatic cancer in a fluorescent orthotopic model in athymic mice. Neoplasia 2005; 7:417-25. [PMID: 15967119 PMCID: PMC1501143 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an abysmal prognosis because of late diagnosis and lack of effective therapeutics. New drugs are desperately needed. The present study determined the effect of the LTB4 receptor antagonist, LY293111, on tumor growth and metastases in a fluorescent orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer cells (S2-013) with stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein were implanted into the duodenal pancreatic lobe of athymic mice. Animals were allocated to four groups (eight mice per group): control (no treatment); LY293111; gemcitabine; and LY293111 + gemcitabine. Monitoring of the surgical procedure and follow-up examinations at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after implantation to monitor tumor growth and metastases were performed using a fluorescence microscope and the reversible skin-flap technique. A staging and scoring system was developed to evaluate tumor progression, based on the TNM classification. Control animals developed end-stage disease with invasive cancer, metastases, and cachexia. Tumor growth and incidence of metastases were significantly reduced in all treated mice. However, combined treatment with LY293111 and gemcitabine was most effective. LY293111 is a novel therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer, which improves the efficacy of gemcitabine. It is well tolerated and can be administered orally and, therefore, provides a new hope for patients suffering from pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Hennig
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Two receptors for leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) have been molecularly identified: BLT1 and BLT2. Both receptors are G protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors, whose genes are located in very close proximity to each other in the human and mouse genomes. The two receptors differ in their affinity and specificity for LTB(4): BLT1 is a high-affinity receptor specific for LTB(4), whereas BLT2 is a low-affinity receptor that also binds other eicosanoids. The two receptors also differ in their pattern of expression with BLT1 being expressed primarily in leukocytes, whereas BLT2 is expressed more ubiquitously. By mediating the activities of LTB(4), these receptors participate both in host immune responses and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Reduced disease severity in animal inflammatory models seen with LTB(4) receptor antagonists and in mice with targeted deletion of BLT1 have revealed important roles for LTB(4) and its receptors in regulating pathologic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Tager
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149-8301, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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10
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Abstract
The current standard systemic therapeutic modalities for psoriasis have many potential side effects. Progress made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis as a T-cell-mediated dermatosis provide options for new more precise therapeutic approaches. These immunological therapeutic strategies involve the inhibition/depletion of activated T-lymphocytes, the inhibition of antigen presentation and thus the regulation of T-cell activation, the inhibition of adhesion of inflammatory cells, the inhibition of effects of proinflammatory mediators and the administration of antiinflammatory cytokines. This article summarizes these new systemic therapeutic approaches. Clinical results in the early studies have been mixed. In the next years further results of phase II- and phase Ill-studies may be expected, which should allow better assessment of the potential of those particular approaches. Some of these approaches could lead to the approval of new drugs to treat psoriasis and to enhance or replace already existing therapeutic options. Furthermore results of therapeutic experiments should contribute to a better understanding of the disease. As we learn which mechanisms are more or less important for the disease, we will be better able to plan intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedrich
- Psoriasis Studienzentrum, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Woo CH, You HJ, Cho SH, Eom YW, Chun JS, Yoo YJ, Kim JH. Leukotriene B(4) stimulates Rac-ERK cascade to generate reactive oxygen species that mediates chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8572-8. [PMID: 11756405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104766200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B(4) is a potent chemoattractant known to be involved mainly in inflammation, immune responses, and host defense against infection, although the exact signaling mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are not well understood. Here we show that exogenous leukotriene B(4) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via a Rac-dependent pathway, and that stable expression of Rac(N17), a dominant negative Rac1 mutant, completely blocks leukotriene B(4)-induced ROS generation. In addition, leukotriene B(4)-induced ROS generation is selectively blocked by inhibition of ERK or cytosolic phospholipase A(2), but not p38 kinase, which is indicative of its dependence on ERK activation and synthesis of arachidonic acid. Consistent with those findings, leukotriene B(4) Rac-dependently stimulates ERK and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) activity, and transient transfection with plasmid expressing Rac(V12), a constitutively activated Rac1 mutant, also dose-dependently stimulates ERK activity. Our findings suggest that ERK and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) are situated downstream of Rac, and we conclude that Rac, ERK, and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) all play pivotal roles in mediating the ROS generation that appears to be a prerequisite for leukotriene B(4)-induced chemotaxis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Woo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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12
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Wedi B, Kapp A. Pathophysiological role of leukotrienes in dermatological diseases: potential therapeutic implications. BioDrugs 2002; 15:729-43. [PMID: 11707148 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200115110-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo data have demonstrated that leukotrienes play a key role not only in allergic airway diseases but also in inflammatory reactions of the skin. Antileukotriene drugs, i.e. leukotriene receptor antagonists and synthesis inhibitors, are a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs that have shown clinical efficacy in the management of asthma, allergic rhinitis and inflammatory bowel disease. To address the question of the validity and applicability of published evidence of the use of antileukotriene drugs in dermatological diseases, we reviewed data concerning the pathophysiological effect of leukotrienes in the skin and in skin diseases, and the experience with antileukotriene treatment that has been published. In vivo and in vitro data suggest that antileukotriene treatment may have efficacy in atopic dermatitis, different types of urticaria or psoriasis and other skin diseases such as bullous skin diseases, collagenoses, Sjogren-Larsson syndrome or Kawasaki disease. Nevertheless, published evidence is very limited and before any conclusions can be drawn, additional basic research needs to be performed with regard to the role of different leukotrienes and leukotriene receptors in skin diseases. On the basis of these data, randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trials with leukotriene antagonists and synthesis inhibitors should be performed. Moreover, future studies investigating the additive benefit of antileukotriene drugs are warranted, e.g. in combination with antihistamines, corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wedi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
New insights into the pathophysiology of psoriasis have suggested possibilities for targeted therapeutic intervention. Several novel, systemic immunomodulatory therapies are currently in clinical development and results of recent clinical trials are remarkable. These include approaches targeting antigen presentation and costimulation, T-cell activation and leukocyte adhesion, the action of proinflammatory mediators and the administration of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These trials contribute to our further understanding of the disease, indicating which mechanisms play a greater or lesser part in its development. Moreover, they will lead to new therapeutic options. If psoriasis is considered as a visible model disease for T-cell-mediated disorders characterized by a type-1 cytokine pattern these recent findings might have a more general impact on the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusru Asadullah
- Research Business Area Dermatology, Schering AG, D-13342, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Qian C, Hwang SB, Libertine-Garahan L, Eckman JB, Cai X, Scannell RT, Yeh CG. Anti-inflammatory activities of LDP-392, a dual PAF receptor antagonist and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Pharmacol Res 2001; 44:213-20. [PMID: 11529688 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2001.0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) are important mediators of inflammation and allergy. LDP-392, a novel dual PAF receptor antagonist and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, has been identified. LDP-392 is 17.9-fold more potent than zileuton (5-LO inhibitor) in the RBL cytosolic 5-LO assay, and equally potent as MK 287 (PAF receptor antagonist) in the human platelet PAF receptor binding assay. The in vivo dual activities of LDP-392 were confirmed by measuring the inhibition of ex vivo LTB(4)production in rats and PAF-induced hemoconcentration in mice. Intravenous administration of LDP-392 demonstrated greater inhibition than zileuton, BN 50739 or MK 287 on arachidonic acid-induced ear edema and protected mice from LPS-induced lethality. Topical administration of LDP-392, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited TPA-induced ear edema in mice and UVB-induced erythema in guinea-pigs. These data suggest that LDP-392, as a dual PAF receptor antagonist and 5-LO inhibitor, may be of greater clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qian
- Millennium Pharmaceutical Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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15
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Swinkels OQ, Prins M, Tosserams EF, Gerritsen MJ, Van Der Valk PG, Van De Kerkhof PC. The influence of a topical corticosteroid on short-contact high-dose dithranol therapy. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145:63-9. [PMID: 11453908 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dithranol (anthralin) has been known to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis for more than 80 years. However, perilesional and uninvolved skin often show irritation during dithranol treatment, which limits its use. As the relapse rate of psoriasis is worsened by adding corticosteroids to a dithranol regimen, the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce dithranol irritation is controversial. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and cell biological effect of clobetasol-17-propionate 0.05% ointment on dithranol-treated lesional and perilesional skin. METHODS For 17 consecutive days, 2% dithranol cream was applied on two test sites. A third site was left untreated on all participating patients (n = 8). All sites consisted of a psoriasis lesion as well as a 3-cm zone of perilesional skin localized on the back. After 1 h, the cream was washed off, and subsequently one of the dithranol-treated sites was treated once a day with clobetasol-17-propionate 0.05% ointment. The second site was treated once daily with the vehicle. On day 17, punch biopsies were taken from all three lesions and from the perilesional zone of all test sites in order to perform an immunohistochemical investigation, using markers to assess proliferation, differentiation and inflammation. RESULTS The SUM score (erythema + induration + scaling) of the lesion treated with dithranol/clobetasol showed a pronounced reduction, which was significantly greater than the SUM score of the lesion treated with dithranol/vehicle. However, the scores of both sites were equal by 6 weeks of follow-up. Comparing the two treated lesions, we observed a lower number of cycling epidermal cells in the dithranol/clobetasol lesion and a significantly lower perivascular dermal score of T lymphocytes. Comparing the perilesional skin of the two treated sites we observed less cycling epidermal cells in the dithranol/clobetasol-treated site. Regarding perilesional differentiation, the interpapillary involucrin expression was higher in the dithranol/clobetasol-treated site. With respect to perilesional inflammation the expression of dermal polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes in the dermal infiltrate were significantly lower in the dithranol/clobetasol-treated site. CONCLUSIONS The addition of clobetasol-17-propionate enhanced the antipsoriatic efficacy of dithranol by interfering with T-cell accumulation and epidermal proliferation. The addition of a corticosteroid reduced perilesional dithranol inflammation at the cellular level, although clinically detectable dithranol erythema was not reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Q Swinkels
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Thacher SM, Vasudevan J, Tsang KY, Nagpal S, Chandraratna RA. New dermatological agents for the treatment of psoriasis. J Med Chem 2001; 44:281-97. [PMID: 11462969 DOI: 10.1021/jm0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Thacher
- Department of Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92623, USA
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17
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18
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Mommers JM, Van Rossum MM, Kooijmans-Otero ME, Parker GL, van de Kerkhof PC. VML 295 (LY-293111), a novel LTB4 antagonist, is not effective in the prevention of relapse in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142:259-66. [PMID: 10730758 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonists have been the subject of several studies in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. A novel oral LTB4 antagonist, VML 295 (LY-293111) has recently been developed and has a pronounced effect on epidermal inflammatory parameters. However, oral treatment of psoriasis for 4 weeks did not result in a decrease in disease severity. The present study was performed in order to investigate whether prolonged treatment with VML 295 up to 8 weeks has a beneficial effect on the overall severity of psoriasis. Moreover, we studied to what extent VML 295 is able to prevent relapse in psoriasis. In the present study, 35 patients with stable chronic plaque psoriasis were included. A representative plaque of at least 16 cm2 was initially treated with clobetasol-17-propionate lotion under hydrocolloid occlusion in all patients. Clearance was achieved within 6 weeks in 31 patients. After clearance, the patients were randomized to treatment and received oral VML 295 capsules 200 mg twice daily or placebo for 8 weeks. Twenty-five patients completed the study. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was assessed before treatment, at clearance, and on days 15, 29, 43 and 5 7 of the treatment period. Biopsies were taken from the treated lesion before treatment, after clearance and at relapse, and cells were analysed by flow cytometry with markers for differentiation (keratin 10), inflammation (vimentin), and proliferation (DNA content). After 8 weeks of treatment, 14 of 15 VML 295-treated patients had relapsed and 11 of 16 placebo-treated patients had relapsed. A total of six patients were withdrawn. The time to relapse and the number of relapsed patients was not significantly different comparing the treatment groups. There was no significant difference in PASI scores between VML 295-treated patients and placebo-treated patients after 8 weeks of treatment. Flow cytometric parameters for differentiation, inflammation and proliferation did not show significant differences between VML 295- and placebo-treated patients. We conclude that oral VML 295 (LY-293111) is not effective in preventing relapse in psoriasis, either clinically or at the cellular level, and that in our group of patients VML 295 had no beneficial effect on overall psoriasis severity. Moreover, we conclude that further development of LTB4 modulating drugs for the treatment of psoriasis is not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mommers
- University Hospital Nijmegen, Department of Dermatology, The Netherlands
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