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Li A, He H, Chen Y, Liao F, Tang J, Li L, Fan Y, Li L, Xiong L. Effects of donkey milk on UVB-induced skin barrier damage and melanin pigmentation: A network pharmacology and experimental validation study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121498. [PMID: 36969816 PMCID: PMC10033878 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDairy products have long been regarded as a controversial nutrient for the skin. However, a clear demonstration of donkey milk (DM) on skincare is required.MethodsIn this study, spectrum and chemical component analyses were applied to DM. Then, the effects of DM on UVB-induced skin barrier damage and melanin pigmentation were first evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Cell survival, animal models, and expression of filaggrin (FLG) were determined to confirm the effect of DM on UVB-induced skin barrier damage. Melanogenesis and tyrosinase (TYR) activity were assessed after UVB irradiation to clarify the effect of DM on whitening activities. Further, a network pharmacology method was applied to study the interaction between DM ingredients and UVB-induced skin injury. Meanwhile, an analysis of the melanogenesis molecular target network was developed and validated to predict the melanogenesis regulators in DM.ResultsDM was rich in cholesterols, fatty acids, vitamins and amino acids. The results of evaluation of whitening activities in vitro and in vivo indicated that DM had a potent inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis. The results of effects of DM on UVB‑induced skin barrier damage indicated that DM inhibited UVB-induced injury and restored skin barrier function via up-regulation expression of FLG (filaggrin). The pharmacological network of DM showed that DM regulated steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism in keratinocytes and 64 melanin targets which the main contributing role of DM might target melanogenesis, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway.DiscussionThese results highlight the potential use of DM as a promising agent for whitening and anti-photoaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailun He
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Shandong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China
- Lidan Xiong,
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Wikramanayake TC, Chéret J, Sevilla A, Birch-Machin M, Paus R. Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: Beyond oxidative damage and skin aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:233-259. [PMID: 35249436 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2049756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of the role of the mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is a significant aspect of dermatological research. Mitochondria generate most reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, excessive ROS are cytotoxic and DNA-damaging and promote (photo-)aging. ROS also possesses key physiological and regulatory functions and mitochondrial dysfunction is prominent in several skin diseases including skin cancers. Although many standard dermatotherapeutics modulate mitochondrial function, dermatological therapy rarely targets the mitochondria. Accordingly, there is a rationale for "mitochondrial dermatology"-based approaches to be applied to therapeutic research. AREAS COVERED This paper examines the functions of mitochondria in cutaneous physiology beyond energy (ATP) and ROS production. Keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier maintenance, appendage morphogenesis and homeostasis, photoaging and skin cancer are considered. Based on related PubMed search results, the paper evaluates thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D3 derivatives, retinoids, cannabinoid receptor agonists, PPARγ agonists, thyrotropin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone as instructive lead compounds. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein MPZL3 as a promising new drug target for future "mitochondrial dermatology" is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Future dermatological therapeutic research should have a mitochondrial medicine emphasis. Focusing on selected lead agents, protein targets, in silico drug design, and model diseases will fertilize a mito-centric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and The UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Noyman Y, Edel Y, Snast I, Sherman S, Kaftory R, Lapidoth M, Mimouni D, Hodak E, Levi A. Inherited genetic late-onset erythropoietic protoporphyria: A systematic review of the literature. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:374-379. [PMID: 33556208 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited genetic erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is characterized by a photosensitive rash that emerges during infancy or early childhood. Acquired EPP can erupt at any age, even during adulthood, and is associated with hematological disorders. A third, less-studied type of EPP is also inherited but appears later in life (during adulthood). PURPOSE To evaluate the characteristics of inherited genetic late-onset (IGLO) EPP. METHODS A systematic comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Studies describing patients with IGLO EPP were included. Additionally, we present an index case of a patient, treated at our clinic in whom inherited genetic EPP was diagnosed at age 21 years. RESULTS The search yielded 1514 citations. Five publications were eligible for review. Along with our case, 7 patients (4 males) were included in the analysis. Mean age at disease onset was 34.2 years (range 18-69, median 30). Most patients presented with mild pruritus and rash in a photosensitive distribution. Mean level of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX (FEP) was 8.6 μmol/L. A mutant ferrochelatase gene (FECH) in trans to a hypomorphic FECH allele was found in 3 of the 4 patients who underwent genetic testing. CONCLUSION We describe the distinct features of IGLO EPP. This work emphasizes that a diagnosis of inherited genetic EPP should not be ruled out in adults with new-onset photosensitive manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehonatan Noyman
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Edel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Porphyria Center, Rabin Medical Center - Beilnson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Rheumatology Unit, Rabin Medical Center - Beilnson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Igor Snast
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany Sherman
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Kaftory
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidoth
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Mimouni
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emmilia Hodak
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assi Levi
- Photodermatosis Service, Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Sreedhar A, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Singh KK. Mitochondria in skin health, aging, and disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32518230 PMCID: PMC7283348 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a high turnover organ, and its constant renewal depends on the rapid proliferation of its progenitor cells. The energy requirement for these metabolically active cells is met by mitochondrial respiration, an ATP generating process driven by a series of protein complexes collectively known as the electron transport chain (ETC) that is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide, singlet oxygen, peroxides are inevitably produced during respiration and disrupt macromolecular and cellular structures if not quenched by the antioxidant system. The oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial ROS production has been established as the molecular basis of multiple pathophysiological conditions, including aging and cancer. Not surprisingly, the mitochondria are the primary organelle affected during chronological and UV-induced skin aging, the phenotypic manifestations of which are the direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Also, deletions and other aberrations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are frequent in photo-aged skin and skin cancer lesions. Recent studies have revealed a more innate role of the mitochondria in maintaining skin homeostasis and pigmentation, which are affected when the essential mitochondrial functions are impaired. Some common and rare skin disorders have a mitochondrial involvement and include dermal manifestations of primary mitochondrial diseases as well as congenital skin diseases caused by damaged mitochondria. With studies increasingly supporting the close association between mitochondria and skin health, its therapeutic targeting in the skin-either via an ATP production boost or free radical scavenging-has gained attention from clinicians and aestheticians alike. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified that improve mitochondrial functions and have proved effective against aged and diseased skin. In this review, we discuss the essential role of mitochondria in regulating normal and abnormal skin physiology and the possibility of targeting this organelle in various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Integartive Center For Aging Research and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Schalka S, de Paula Corrêa M, Sawada LY, Canale CC, de Andrade TN. A novel method for evaluating sun visible light protection factor and pigmentation protection factor of sunscreens. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:605-616. [PMID: 31695466 PMCID: PMC6718061 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s207256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The role of visible light (VL) in the process of skin pigmentation by solar radiation has been demonstrated. Sunscreens with the presence of pigments, particularly iron oxide (IO), have a greater protective effect against VL and are, therefore, highly recommended for prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. This study aimed to evaluate 33 sunscreen formulations, and through spectrophotometric measurements, proposes new methods to evaluate the VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor. Methods 33 sunscreen formulations marketed in Brazil were evaluated, including 17 products containing pigments and 16 products with no pigments. Spectrophotometric measurements were taken to determine solar VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor, based on the absorption curve of the product, the pigmentation action spectrum and sun spectrum. Results Sunscreen with pigments presented a higher solar VL protection factor and pigmentation protection factor compared to products without pigment. The statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the solar VL protection factor and the integral of the absorption curve in the VL range and the transmittance reduction (%) in the same range. The correlation between the VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor was also demonstrated. Conclusion The VL protection factor and the pigmentation protection factor showed to be adequate metrics to estimate the effectiveness of sunscreens in the prevention of the pigmentary effect of solar VL and the pigmentary effect of the complete spectrum of immediate pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Schalka
- Department of Dermatology, Medcin Clinical Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila C Canale
- Department of Pharmacy, Medcin Clinical Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - Thayna N de Andrade
- Department of Photoprotection, Medcin Clinical Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
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Duteil L, Esdaile J, Maubert Y, Cathelineau AC, Bouloc A, Queille-Roussel C, Passeron T. A method to assess the protective efficacy of sunscreens against visible light-induced pigmentation. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 33:260-266. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Duteil
- CPCAD (Center of Clinical Pharmacology Applied to Dermatology); L’Archet 2 Hospital; Nice France
| | - Jane Esdaile
- CPCAD (Center of Clinical Pharmacology Applied to Dermatology); L’Archet 2 Hospital; Nice France
| | - Yves Maubert
- CPCAD (Center of Clinical Pharmacology Applied to Dermatology); L’Archet 2 Hospital; Nice France
| | - Anne-Claire Cathelineau
- CPCAD (Center of Clinical Pharmacology Applied to Dermatology); L’Archet 2 Hospital; Nice France
| | | | | | - Thierry Passeron
- Dermatology Department; L'Archet 2 Hospital; Nice France
- Inserm U1065, Team 12, C3M; Nice France
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Urrets-Zavalía JA, Espósito E, Garay I, Monti R, Ruiz-Lascano A, Correa L, Serra HM, Grzybowski A. The eye and the skin in nonendocrine metabolic disorders. Clin Dermatol 2015; 34:166-82. [PMID: 26903184 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As metabolism is controlled by the input of genes and the environment, metabolic disorders result from some disturbance in the interaction between genes and environmental factors. Many metabolic disorders consist in congenital enzyme deficiencies, also known as "inborn errors of metabolism," that may be disabling or cause severe illness and death and are predominantly inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. The deposit in cells and tissues of storage substances from errors in metabolic processes may produce a wide variety of disorders affecting different organs and functions, with different degrees of severity, and often present around the time of birth or early childhood. Distinctive ocular and skin manifestations accompany many metabolic diseases and may provide clues for their diagnosis and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Urrets-Zavalía
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba (5000), Argentina.
| | - Evangelina Espósito
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba (5000), Argentina.
| | - Iliana Garay
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba, Naciones Unidas 346, Córdoba (5016), Argentina.
| | - Rodolfo Monti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba (5000), Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Lascano
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba, Naciones Unidas 346, Córdoba (5016), Argentina.
| | - Leandro Correa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba (5000), Argentina.
| | - Horacio M Serra
- CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esquina Medina Allende sin número, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba (5000), Argentina.
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań City Hospital, ul. Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Bauer JW, Kofler B. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a neglected component of skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:607-14. [PMID: 24980550 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial structure and function influence tissue homeostasis and thereby contribute to multiple human disorders and ageing. Ten per cent of patients with primary mitochondrial disorders present skin manifestations that can be categorized into hair abnormalities, rashes, pigmentation abnormalities and acrocyanosis. Less attention has been paid to the fact that several disorders of the skin are linked to alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism. This review article summarizes the contribution of mitochondrial pathology to both common and rare skin diseases. We explore the intriguing observation that a wide array of skin disorders presents with primary or secondary mitochondrial pathology and that a variety of molecular defects can cause dysfunctional mitochondria. Among them are mutations in mitochondrial- and nuclear DNA-encoded subunits and assembly factors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes; mutations in intermediate filament proteins involved in linking, moving and shaping of mitochondria; and disorders of mitochondrial DNA metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and heme synthesis. Thus, we assume that mitochondrial involvement is the rule rather than the exception in skin diseases. We conclude the article by discussing how improving mitochondrial function can be beneficial for aged skin and can be used as an adjunct therapy for certain skin disorders. Consideration of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the skin creates a new perspective for both dermatologists and experts in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René G Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Horner ME, Alikhan A, Tintle S, Tortorelli S, Davis DMR, Hand JL. Cutaneous porphyrias part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and histopathology. Int J Dermatol 2014; 52:1464-80. [PMID: 24261722 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The porphyrias are a group of disorders characterized by defects in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Many present with skin findings including photosensitivity, bullae, hypertrichosis, and scarring. Systemic symptoms may include abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric changes, anemia, and liver disease. With advances in DNA analysis, researchers are discovering the underlying genetic causes of the porphyrias, enabling family members to be tested for genetic mutations. Here we present a comprehensive review of porphyria focusing on those with cutaneous manifestations. In Part I, we have included the epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and histopathology. Treatment and management options will be discussed in Part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Horner
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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KÓSZÓ FERENC, MORVAY MÁRTA, DOBOZY ATTILA, BODA KRISZTINA. Erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity and therapeutic phlebotomy in porphyria cutanea tarda. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1409(200012)4:8<736::aid-jpp289>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase ( UD ) activity in the erythrocytes, and the family history of the disease, different types of porphyria cutanea tarda ( PCT ) can be distinguished. In some cases, however, the distinction may involve some uncertainty (overlapping of subgroups). The question arises of whether the current erythrocyte UD activities in the different types of PCT are determined merely genetically. The erythrocyte UD activities in 72 unrelated patients with different forms of PCT (62 with type I PCT and 10 with type II PCT ), in different stages of the disease, were measured in order to test whether the activity exhibits any change during the long period of recovery. In both types the activities were faintly but significantly increased, from 94.9% (in PCT I) or 54.3% (in PCT II) up to 98.4% or 56.1% respectively. In both types the lower activity in the untreated condition can be attributed to a combination of several factors, including oxidative damage to UD , which results in a minor additional inhibition of the genetically determined enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- FERENC KÓSZÓ
- Department of Dermatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - MÁRTA MORVAY
- Department of Dermatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - ATTILA DOBOZY
- Department of Dermatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - KRISZTINA BODA
- Department of Medical Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Simon NG, Herkes GK. The neurologic manifestations of the acute porphyrias. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:1147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hogeling M, Nakano T, Dvorak CC, Maguiness S, Frieden IJ. Severe neonatal congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28:416-20. [PMID: 21362030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare form of porphyria, presenting during the neonatal period or during infancy. Clinical features include photosensitive blistering and severe anemia. Wood's lamp fluorescence of the diaper is a useful screening test. We describe a severely affected neonate with systemic involvement due to a homozygous mutation. Because of ongoing severe hemolytic anemia and severe photosensitivity, bone-marrow transplantation was performed, but the patient ultimately succumbed to chemotherapy-induced lung damage, as well as severe pulmonary hypertension, likely due to his chronic hemolytic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Hogeling
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Fateen E, Abd-Elfattah A, Gouda A, Ragab L, Nazim W. Porphyrins profile by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of porphyria. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ramasubramaniam R, Roy A, Sharma B, Nagalakshmi S. Are there mechanistic differences between ultraviolet and visible radiation induced skin pigmentation? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1887-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee KG, Hyun JJ, Seo YS, Keum B, Yim HJ, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Chun HJ, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Um SH. Liver cirrhosis induced by porphyria cutanea tarda: a case report and review. Gut Liver 2010; 4:551-5. [PMID: 21253308 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.4.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a metabolic disorder that results in a decrease in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity. It is characterized by photosensitivity, bullae formation, and skin pigmentation. There are four types of PCT: acquired, familial, toxic, and hepatoerythropoietic. Uroporphyrin levels are elevated in the urine of PCT patients. PCT can be differentiated from other porphyrias by its clinical characteristics and the porphyrin levels in the serum, erythrocytes, urine, and feces. This metabolic disorder can lead to liver dysfunction as well as histological changes such as fatty infiltration or hepatic fibrosis. PCT rarely manifests as liver cirrhosis. We report herein a case of PCT-induced liver cirrhosis that progressed to hepatic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Gyun Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Thomas KE, Fletcher D, Mottahedeh M. Colon perforation secondary to porphyria. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2010; 92:W30-1. [PMID: 20699055 DOI: 10.1308/147870810x12699662981834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder of the haem biosynthesis pathway. The diagnosis is well known to cause significant diagnostic challenge due to its broad range of symptoms that may mimic many other conditions. We report a case of AIP that presented with caecal perforation, a clinical scenario that has not previously been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Thomas
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, UK.
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Sammet S, Koch RM, Aguila F, Knopp MV. Residual magnetism in an MRI suite after field-rampdown: what are the issues and experiences? J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:1272-6. [PMID: 20432367 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate residual magnetization at different locations in the MRI suite at several time points prior, during and after field-rampdown with the goal to determine if the MRI suites could be reused in a clinical environment after the field-rampdown of MR scanners of different field strengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS Residual magnetism was measured with two gaussmeters in the MRI suites of an 8 Tesla (T) and a 0.7T whole body magnet at several time points prior, during and after field-rampdown. RESULTS Residual magnetism, in the MRI suite after controlled rampdown of an 8T superconducting magnet, was not significantly elevated compared with magnetic fields in the environment. Through 40 days, no significant changes in magnetism could be seen compared with initial measurements directly after rampdown, as both gaussmeters consistently measured. Similar findings were also observed after the quenched shutdown of a 0.7T system but a remanence was observed. CONCLUSION A controlled rampdown of even an ultrahigh field MR system does not lead to retained magnetic contamination, while forced quenched rampdown of a mid-field system revealed temporary remanence. There is no need to degauss an MRI suite when an appropriate steel composition has been used in the iron shield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Sammet
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Cantatore-Francis JL, Cohen-Pfeffer J, Balwani M, Kahn P, Lazarus HM, Desnick RJ, Schaffer JV. Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria misdiagnosed as child abuse: cutaneous, arthritic, and hematologic manifestations in siblings with a novel UROD mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 146:529-33. [PMID: 20479301 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the markedly deficient, but not absent, activity of the heme biosynthetic enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD). The disorder typically manifests during infancy or early childhood with extreme photosensitivity, skin fragility in sun-exposed areas, hypertrichosis, erythrodontia, and pink urine. OBSERVATIONS Three siblings, offspring of parents of Puerto Rican and Dominican descent, had with excessive scarring on the face and dorsal aspect of the forearms, which initially led to the erroneous suspicion of child abuse. Although these lesions were photodistributed, overt photosensitivity had not been observed, with the exception of a single episode of blistering and onycholysis after intense sun exposure in 1 affected child. Mild facial hypertrichosis, chronic anemia, polyarticular arthritis, and developmental delay represented additional findings. Biochemical studies of urine, plasma, and erythrocyte porphyrins from the affected siblings established the diagnosis of HEP. Sequencing of the UROD gene revealed compound heterozygosity for a novel missense mutation, V166A, and a complex deletion/insertion, 645del1053ins10. CONCLUSIONS Our report expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of HEP, highlighting mild cutaneous presentations that can occur without obvious photosensitivity and masquerade as child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Cantatore-Francis
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 560 First Ave, Room H-100, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
Hereditary porphyrias are a group of eight metabolic disorders of the haem biosynthesis pathway that are characterised by acute neurovisceral symptoms, skin lesions, or both. Every porphyria is caused by abnormal function of a separate enzymatic step, resulting in a specific accumulation of haem precursors. Seven porphyrias are the result of a partial enzyme deficiency, and a gain of function mechanism has been characterised in a new porphyria. Acute porphyrias present with acute attacks, typically consisting of severe abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, confusion, and seizure, and can be life-threatening. Cutaneous porphyrias present with either acute painful photosensitivity or skin fragility and blisters. Rare recessive porphyrias usually manifest in early childhood with either severe cutaneous photosensitivity and chronic haemolysis or chronic neurological symptoms with or without photosensitivity. Porphyrias are still underdiagnosed, but when they are suspected, and dependent on clinical presentation, simple first-line tests can be used to establish the diagnosis in all symptomatic patients. Diagnosis is essential to enable specific treatments to be started as soon as possible. Screening of families to identify presymptomatic carriers is crucial to decrease risk of overt disease of acute porphyrias through counselling about avoidance of potential precipitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Puy
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bardia
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Elizabeth A. Swanson
- Resident in Dermatology, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kris G. Thomas
- Advisor to residents and Consultant in Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Individual reprints of this article are not available. Address correspondence to Kris G. Thomas, MD, Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 ().
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Motswaledi MH. The diagnosis and management of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2009.10873843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Eadie E, Ferguson J, Moseley H. A preliminary investigation into the effect of exposure of photosensitive individuals to light from compact fluorescent lamps. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:659-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Erupciones inflamatorias y purpúricas. DERMATOLOGÍA NEONATAL 2009. [PMCID: PMC7161408 DOI: 10.1016/b978-84-8086-390-2.50019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Lecluse ALY, Kuck-Koot VCM, van Weelden H, Sigurdsson V, Russel IM, Frank J, Pasmans SGMA. Erythropoietic protoporphyria without skin symptoms-you do not always see what they feel. Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167:703-6. [PMID: 17710435 PMCID: PMC2292482 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-007-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited disorder of the porphyrin metabolism that often remains undiagnosed in children. We report on a 4-year-old girl who had been suffering for 1 year from recurrent painful crises affecting her hands, feet, and nose following sun exposure. Objective skin lesions were absent until the age of 6. Porphyrin analysis revealed elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels confirming the diagnosis of EPP. This illustrates that skin lesions might be completely absent in children affected with EPP, a fact that has only been reported once previously. Because EPP can manifest with few and unspecific cutaneous symptoms or no skin lesions at all, like in this patient, the diagnosis of EPP might be delayed or missed. EPP should be excluded in all photosensitive children, especially when discomfort is disproportionate to the extent of the cutaneous lesions. The clinic, pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, and therapy of EPP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Y. Lecluse
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, G02.124, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica C. M. Kuck-Koot
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, G02.124, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huib van Weelden
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, G02.124, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vigfus Sigurdsson
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, G02.124, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M. Russel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, G02.124, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Centre for Molecular Dermatology (MUCMD), University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Euregional Porphyria Centre Maastricht-Aachen (EPCMA), University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G. M. A. Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre, G02.124, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Thiery-Vuillemin A, Chaigneau L, Meaux-Ruault N, Villanueva C, N'guyen T, Maurina T, Stein U, Lorgis V, Demarchi M, Pivot X. Anticancer therapy in patients with porphyrias: evidence today. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008; 7:159-65. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.7.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Baselga E, Torrelo A. Inflammatory and Purpuric Eruptions. NEONATAL DERMATOLOGY 2008. [PMCID: PMC7315339 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Reuben
- Division of GI/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most common type of porphyria. There is an association of PCT with haemochromatosis, diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C infection. The basis of treatment of PCT consists of three elements: avoidance of triggering factors, iron depletion and porphyrin elimination. Alcohol and certain systemic medical drugs, such as oestrogens (or tuberculostatics), should be considered as triggering factors, and as far as possible, avoided. Other triggering factors, such as chronic haemodialysis in renal insufficiency, need a different approach. The hallmark in iron depletion is phlebotomy. Porphyrin elimination is achieved using low-dose chloroquin therapy. The treatment is safe and effective but has its limits in cases with haemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations. Here iron depletion needs additional phlebotomy. In patients with chronic haemodialysis-associated PCT, chloroquine is ineffective. Erythropoietin, desferroxamine and small-volume phlebotomy have been employed to control the disease. Childhood PCT is very rare. No controlled studies are available, but published experience suggests that body weight-adapted chloroquine therapy or small volume phlebotomy might be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Köstler
- Academic Teaching Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstrasse 41, 01067 Dresden, Germany.
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32
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Eguino Gorrochategui P, Varas Mundaca C, Trébol Urra I, Navajas Pinedo B, Gardeazabal García J, Díaz-Pérez JL. Protoporfiria eritropoyética: Estudio de cuatro casos y revisión de la literatura. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(03)79232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chakrabarti A, Tan CY. Dietary fish oils as a therapeutic option in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002; 27:324-7. [PMID: 12139682 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.10321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is a common idiopathic photosensitivity disorder with an estimated prevalence of 10-20%. It is characterized by an intermittent skin reaction to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, consisting of non-scarring pruritic erythematous papules, vesicles or plaques that develop on light-exposed skin. Despite the different morphology in different individuals, the eruption tends to have a monomorphous presentation in any single subject. The histopathological features of PLE are distinct and comprise a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis, subepidermal oedema and variable epidermal changes. The pathogenesis of PLE is not well known, but findings suggest that it is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to one or more UV-modified cutaneous antigens. The principal action of PLE is mainly in the UVA region, although some subjects exhibit sensitivity to UVB alone or to both UVA and UVB radiation at the same time. Preventive measures in PLE include the regular use of photoprotective methods combined with graduated exposures to natural sunlight. The induction of immune tolerance by phototherapy and photochemotherapy are useful prophylactic methods in moderate to severe cases. The role of systemic agents in the management of PLE is under investigation. This article reviews the epidemiological, pathogenetic and clinical aspects of PLE and discusses recent advances in the diagnostic approach and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stratigos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, 5 Dragoumi Street, Kesariani 161 21, Athens, Greece
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35
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Abstract
Repigmentation of grey hair is rare, but has been described in several clinical settings. It has most often been reported as a postinflammatory effect, but several drugs, chronic arsenic exposure and coeliac disease have also been cited in addition to darkening as a spontaneous phenomenon. We report two patients with sustained repigmentation of the hair in association with porphyria cutanea tarda. The mechanism for this repigmentation remains elusive, but presumably involves recruitment of outer root sheath melanocytes, which are then activated to form functional hair bulb melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C G Shaffrali
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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36
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Murphy GM. Diseases associated with photosensitivity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2001; 64:93-8. [PMID: 11744394 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitive disorders may be classified as those entirely caused by solar exposure and the photoaggravated disorders. Those in the former category include polymorphic light eruption, juvenile spring eruption, actinic prurigo, hydroa vacciniforme, solar urticaria, also chronic actinic dermatitis. Genodermatoses whose expression mainly depends on UV or light exposure include the DNA repair deficient disorders, some disorders of cornification, the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and porphyria. Examples of photoaggravated diseases include lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, atopic eczema, psoriasis, viral exanthemata, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis and rosacea. Drugs and chemicals may interact with UV to induce photosensitivity. In many of these diseases the action spectrum is known or may be determined by phototesting. Recognition of the reaction patterns associated with the photodermatoses greatly assists clinical classification of the photodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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37
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Abstract
The photodermatoses are defined by their clinical features which result from exposure to ultraviolet radiation or visible light. Accurate diagnosis, which is often complicated, is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and protection from precipitating wavelengths. We review the acquired photodermatoses including polymorphic light eruption, hydroa vacciniforme and chronic actinic dermatitis. The genodermatoses including the DNA repair deficiency and melanin-deficient syndromes are discussed, and the best methods for protection of the cutaneous photodermatoses including relevant sunscreen use are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lenane
- Dermatology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of different forms of genodermatoses, a group of heritable diseases displaying a spectrum of phenotypic manifestations and clinical severity. The information about the underlying mutations in the candidate gene/protein systems has provided the basis for initial development of cutaneous gene therapy, and these heritable conditions appear to serve as appropriate candidate diseases for such efforts. Because of its accessibility and the fact that resident skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, can be readily propagated in culture, skin serves as an appropriate target tissue for gene therapy. Various strategic considerations, including the use of in vivo or ex vivo approaches, gene replacement versus gene repair, utilization of different delivery systems, etc., require careful prioritization depending on the type of mutations and their pathogenetic consequences at the mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Uitto
- Departments of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Stölzel U, Schuppan D, Tillmann HL, Manns MP, Tannapfel A, Doss MO, Zimmer T, Koszka C, Köstler E. Autoantibodies in porphyria cutanea tarda: a controlled study. J Hepatol 2000; 33:858-9. [PMID: 11097501 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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40
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Varma S, Haworth A, Keefe M, Anstey AV. Delayed onset of cutaneous symptoms in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143:221-3. [PMID: 10886182 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Abstract
As investigators continue to close the gap between basic research and clinical science, gene therapy is becoming of increasing interest to the dermatologist. Most notably, recent advances in gene-based cancer therapy, DNA vaccination, and molecular pharmacology have opened new avenues for investigation beyond those of the traditional gene replacement applications. Different gene delivery systems are currently being tested, each with specific advantages and disadvantages. This article summarizes some of the principles of gene therapy and its applications to cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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