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Dellambra E, Cordisco S, Delle Monache F, Bondanza S, Teson M, Nicodemi EM, Didona B, Condorelli AG, Camerino G, Castiglia D, Guerra L. RSPO1-mutated keratinocytes from palmoplantar keratoderma display impaired differentiation, alteration of cell-cell adhesion, EMT-like phenotype and invasiveness properties: implications for squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility in patients with 46XX disorder of sexual development. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:275. [PMID: 35854363 PMCID: PMC9295301 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted R-spondin (RSPO) proteins play a key role in reproductive organ development, epithelial stem cell renewal and cancer induction by reinforcing canonical Wnt signaling. We have previously reported that palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), predisposition to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development and sex reversal segregate as autosomal recessive trait in patients carrying RSPO1-mutations. Although our previous findings suggested that RSPO1 secreted from fibroblasts regulates keratinocyte growth or differentiation, the role of this protein in the epidermis remains largely unexplored. Our study was aimed at expanding the phenotypic, molecular and functional characterization of RSPO1-mutated skin and keratinocytes. Results Cultured primary keratinocytes from PPK skin of a RSPO1-mutated XX-sex reversed patient displayed highly impaired differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype. Interestingly, RSPO1-mutated PPK skin expressed markers of increased proliferation, dedifferentiation and altered cell–cell adhesion. Furthermore, all these signs were more evident in SCC specimens of the patient. Cultured PPK patient’s keratinocytes exhibited increased expression of cell‒matrix adhesion proteins and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes. Moreover, they showed invasiveness properties in an organotypic skin model in presence of PPK fibroblasts, which behave like cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, the co-culture with normal fibroblasts or treatment with the recombinant RSPO1 protein did not revert or reduce the EMT-like phenotype and invasion capability of PPK keratinocytes. Notably, RSPO1-mutated PPK fibroblasts induced a hyperproliferative and dedifferentiated phenotype of age-matched normal control plantar keratinocytes. Wnt signaling has a key role in both PPK promotion and SCC development. Accordingly, Wnt mediators were differentially expressed in both PPK keratinocytes and skin specimens of RSPO1-mutated patient compared to control. Conclusions Altogether our data indicate that the absence of RSPO1 in patients with 46XX disorder of sexual development affects the skin microenvironment and epidermal integrity, thus contributing to the risk of SCC tumorigenesis in palmoplantar regions exposed to major frictional stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02434-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sonia Cordisco
- Advent SRL, Via Pontina KM 30.600, Pomezia, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Delle Monache
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Stefano Ferrari, Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.R.L., 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Maria Nicodemi
- Plastic Surgery Division, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Camerino
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Sezione di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università Di Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
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Xiong Y, Chen T, Yu J, Zhou H, Lu B, Chen L, Sun L, Wang C, Li S, Wu B. Association between Mutation in SMARCAD1 and Basan Syndrome with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7840710. [PMID: 35592705 PMCID: PMC9113868 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7840710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Basan syndrome is a rare autosomal-dominant ectodermal dysplasia with certain clinic-pathological features caused by mutations in the SMARCAD1 gene. Currently, no skin malignancy related to Basan syndrome has been reported. This study was aimed at identifying related gene mutations in a new Chinese pedigree with Basan syndrome and discovering the possible association between Basan syndrome and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods We report a case of Basan syndrome from China with family history of cSCC. The pedigree contains 28 individuals. Among them, 12 members had Basan syndrome, while 4 affected members were diagnosed with cSCC in the 1st and 2nd generations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed for 7 available individuals. The specific gene mutation on pre-mRNA splicing was also analyzed using in vitro Minigene assay. In addition, sequencing data was analyzed with bioinformatics workflow, aiming to discover the gene associated with cSCC. Results Gene sequencing results showed a heterozygous mutation, c.378+5G>A, in the SMARCAD1 gene in all tested individuals with Basan syndrome. Minigene result implicated the specific mutation may cause splicing variations by exon skipping occurring in the targeted exons. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reported Basan syndrome with family history of cSCC. Despite in this study we cannot draw any conclusion about the association between Basan syndrome and cSCC at the genetic level, this study encourages future works to substantiate this potential but important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - He Zhou
- Shenzhen Mass Medical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Dengding Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baozhen Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shenzhen Mass Medical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Dengding Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sujun Li
- Shenzhen Mass Medical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Dengding Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Translational Medicine Institute of Jiangxi, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Loh AYT, Špoljar S, Neo GYW, Escande-Beillard N, Leushacke M, Luijten MNH, Venkatesh B, Bonnard C, van Steensel MAM, Hamm H, Carmichael A, Rajan N, Carney TJ, Reversade B. Huriez syndrome: Additional pathogenic variants supporting allelism to SMARCAD syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1752-1760. [PMID: 35212137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huriez syndrome (HRZ, OMIM181600) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by scleroatrophic hands and feet, hypoplastic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, and predisposition to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). We report herein three HRZ families from Croatia, the Netherlands, and Germany. Deep sequencing followed by Sanger validation, confirmed the presence of germline causative SMARCAD1 heterozygous pathogenic variants. All seven HRZ patients displayed hypohidrosis, adermatoglyphia, and one patient developed cSCC at 32 years of age. Two novel monoallelic germline mutations were identified which are predicted to disrupt the first exon-intron boundary of the skin-specific SMARCAD1 isoform. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic convergence with Adermatoglyphia (OMIM136000) and Basan syndrome (OMIM129200), our results lend credence to the notion that these three Mendelian disorders are allelic. We propose adding Huriez syndrome to the previously suggested SMARCAD syndrome designation, which was originally invoked to describe the spectrum of monogenic disorders between Adermatoglyphia and Basan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Y T Loh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanja Špoljar
- Department for Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Granville Y W Neo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nathalie Escande-Beillard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Monique N H Luijten
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Henning Hamm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Carmichael
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Neil Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Klein B, Günther C. Type I Interferon Induction in Cutaneous DNA Damage Syndromes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715723. [PMID: 34381458 PMCID: PMC8351592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) as part of the innate immune system have an outstanding importance as antiviral defense cytokines that stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Upon sensing of pattern recognition particles (PRPs) such as nucleic acids, IFN secretion is activated and induces the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Uncontrolled constitutive activation of the type I IFN system can lead to autoinflammation and autoimmunity, which is observed in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematodes and in monogenic interferonopathies. They are caused by mutations in genes which are involved in sensing or metabolism of intracellular nucleic acids and DNA repair. Many authors described mechanisms of type I IFN secretion upon increased DNA damage, including the formation of micronuclei, cytosolic chromatin fragments and destabilization of DNA binding proteins. Hereditary cutaneous DNA damage syndromes, which are caused by mutations in proteins of the DNA repair, share laboratory and clinical features also seen in autoimmune disorders and interferonopathies; hence a potential role of DNA-damage-induced type I IFN secretion seems likely. Here, we aim to summarize possible mechanisms of IFN induction in cutaneous DNA damage syndromes with defects in the DNA double-strand repair and nucleotide excision repair. We review recent publications referring to Ataxia teleangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome, Werner syndrome, Huriez syndrome, and Xeroderma pigmentosum. Furthermore, we aim to discuss the role of type I IFN in cancer and these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medicine Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Günther C, Lee-Kirsch MA, Eckhard J, Matanovic A, Kerscher T, Rüschendorf F, Klein B, Berndt N, Zimmermann N, Flachmeier C, Thuß T, Lucas N, Marenholz I, Esparza-Gordillo J, Hübner N, Traupe H, Delaporte E, Lee YA. SMARCAD1 Haploinsufficiency Underlies Huriez Syndrome and Associated Skin Cancer Susceptibility. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1428-1431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jaju PD, Ransohoff KJ, Tang JY, Sarin KY. Familial skin cancer syndromes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:437-51; quiz 452-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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A novel mutation in TRPV3 gene causes atypical familial Olmsted syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21815. [PMID: 26902751 PMCID: PMC4763183 DOI: 10.1038/srep21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olmsted syndrome (OS) is a rare keratinization disorder, typically characterized by two primary diagnostic hallmarks—mutilating palmoplanter and periorificial keratoderma. However, there’s a growing body of literature reporting on the phenotypic diversity of OS, including the absence of aforementioned hallmarks and the presence of some unusual clinical features. Here we presented an atypical familial case of OS that could be confused with Huriez syndrome due to the presence of a scleodactyly-like appearance and tapered fingers in the proband. We ruled out this possibility and made a definitive diagnosis of OS based on clinical features and a genetic assay. Recently, mutations in TRPV3 associated with autosomal dominant or recessive OS continued to be reported, thus conducing to clarifying the underlying relationship between the genotype and phenotype of OS. So we further explored the genotype-phenotype correlation by integrating functionl assays with in silico predictions. Our research not only redefined the phenotypic spectrum of OS, but also provided concrete molecular insights into how mutations in a single gene can lead to significant differences in the severity of this rare disease.
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Kharge P, Fernendes C, Jairath V, Mohan M, Chandra S. Poikiloderma a varied presentation - Huriez syndrome. Indian Dermatol Online J 2015; 6:27-30. [PMID: 25657913 PMCID: PMC4314883 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.148929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huriez syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by the triad of congenital scleroatrophy of the distal extremities, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and hypoplastic nails. We report the case of a 25 year old male, with nonfamilial Huriez syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Kharge
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Carol Fernendes
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijayeeta Jairath
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Madan Mohan
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Chandra
- Department of Pathology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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McMilin KD, Dasgupta S. Allogeneic transplantation and the risk for transmission of genetic disease: the heritable cancer disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2007; 16:191-212. [PMID: 17521232 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of new approaches to transplantation therapy, such as those building upon the potential found in stem cells, it is vital to pursue a clear understanding of transplantation risks. Allogeneic transplantation presents risk for the transmission of disease of various types, including genetic disease. Predisposition to develop cancer is a feature of numerous genetic disorders, and it may be transmissible by transplantation. Some genetic disorders predisposing to cancer are remarkably common, either worldwide or in specific populations, and they could pose significant risk. Hence, to reduce risk to recipients, there is reason to exclude from donation those potential donors (including embryos) harboring certain germ-line mutations. However, the frequent absence of readily identifiable features might confound the effort to exclude those who harbor mutation. Thus, it is also important to consider the magnitude of risk that they represent. For some disorders, life-threatening cancer is highly likely to develop in those individuals born with germ-line mutation, but whether recipients would face the same risk from transplanted mutation is not always evident. Given the diversity of pathways that lead to cancer, there may be diverse factors that impact the likelihood for cancer to develop in the recipient, with some factors decreasing and others increasing the risk. One factor of special concern is the possibility that manipulation of donor cells, prior to transplantation, might introduce additional genetic or epigenetic abnormality, thereby increasing the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D McMilin
- Alabama and Central Gulf Coast Region, American Red Cross Blood Services, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
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Micali G, Nasca MR, Innocenzi D, Frasin LA, Radi O, Parma P, Camerino G, Schwartz RA. Association of palmoplantar keratoderma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, dental anomalies, and hypogenitalism in four siblings with 46,XX karyotype: A new syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53:S234-9. [PMID: 16227098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The association of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) with the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), dental anomalies, severe hypogenitalism with hypospadias, abnormal development of gonads with ambiguous external genitalia, gynecomastia, altered plasma sex hormones levels, and hypertriglyceridemia has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. We describe it in 4 brothers with 46,XX karyotype, whereas the 5 sisters of their consanguineous parents were unaffected. This family may represent a new syndrome. The PPK was of the classical nonepidermolytic histologic type. The proband also had a laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed in his early forties and nodular testicular hyperplasia of Leydig cells.
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Riggio E, Spano A, Bonomi S, Nava M. HURIEZ SYNDROME: ASSOCIATION WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND A SURGICAL APPROACH. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 116:689-91. [PMID: 16079734 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000175966.01538.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Radi O, Parma P, Imbeaud S, Nasca MR, Uccellatore F, Maraschio P, Tiepolo L, Micali G, Camerino G. XX sex reversal, palmoplantar keratoderma, and predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma: Genetic analysis in one family. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 138A:241-6. [PMID: 16158431 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a large inbred Sicilian family that includes four 46, XX (SRY-) brothers. Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and an associated predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, segregates as a recessive trait within the family. Interestingly, all the PPK-affected members of the family are phenotypic males (46,XY or 46,XX) while seven XX sibs are healthy phenotypic females with no signs of PPK. We propose that homozygosity for a single mutational event, possibly including contiguous genes, may cause PPK/SCC in both XY or XX individuals and sex reversal in XX individuals. The family is informative for linkage analysis for the PPK trait and allows linkage exclusion for the sex reversal trait. Here we show that 15 loci involved in PPK etiology, skin differentiation, function or malignancy, and nine loci involved in sex determination/differentiation are not implicated in the phenotype of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orietta Radi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Sezione di Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italia
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