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Pan Y, Hochgerner M, Cichoń MA, Benezeder T, Bieber T, Wolf P. Langerhans cells: Central players in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 39157943 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide. AD is a highly complex disease with different subtypes. Many elements of AD pathophysiology have been described, but if/how they interact with each other or which mechanisms are important in which patients is still unclear. Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the epidermis. Depending on the context, they can act either pro- or anti-inflammatory. Many different studies have investigated LCs in the context of AD and found them to be connected to all major mechanisms of AD pathophysiology. As APCs, LCs recruit other immune cells and shape the immune response, especially adaptive immunity via polarization of T cells. As sentinel cells, LCs are primary sensors of the skin microbiome and are important for the decision of immunity versus tolerance. LCs are also involved with the integrity of the skin barrier by influencing tight junctions. Finally, LCs are important cells in the neuro-immune crosstalk in the skin. In this review, we provide an overview about the many different roles of LCs in AD. Understanding LCs might bring us closer to a more complete understanding of this highly complex disease. Potentially, modulating LCs might offer new options for targeted therapies for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Hochgerner
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- CK-CARE, Medicine Campus, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Niu Q, Zhang T, Mao R, Zhao N, Deng S. Genetic association of lipid and lipid-lowering drug target genes with atopic dermatitis: a drug target Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18097. [PMID: 39103489 PMCID: PMC11300444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest dyslipidemia as an atopic dermatitis (AD) risk factor and posit that lipid-lowering drugs may influence AD risk, but the causal link remains elusive. Mendelian randomization was applied to elucidate the causal role of serum lipids in AD and assess the therapeutic potential of lipid-lowering drug targets. Genetic variants related to serum lipid traits and lipid-lowering drug targets were sourced from the Global Lipid Genetics Consortium GWAS data. Comprehensive AD data were collated from the UK Biobank, FinnGen, and Biobank Japan. Colocalization, Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR), and mediation analyses were utilized to validate the results and pinpoint potential mediators. Among assessed targets, only Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) was significantly linked to a reduced AD risk, corroborated across three separate AD cohorts. No association between serum lipid concentrations or other lipid-lowering drug targets and diminished AD risk was observed. Mediation analysis revealed that beta nerve growth factor (b-NGF) might mediate approximately 12.8% of PCSK9's influence on AD susceptibility. Our findings refute dyslipidemia's role in AD pathogenesis. Among explored lipid-lowering drug targets, PCSK9 stands out as a promising therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwang Niu
- Sichuan Polytechnic University, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Nana Zhao
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Sui Deng
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, China.
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Wong TK, Choi YG, Li PH, Chow BKC, Kumar M. MRGPRX2 antagonist GE1111 attenuated DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice by reducing inflammatory cytokines and restoring skin integrity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1406438. [PMID: 38817611 PMCID: PMC11137259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterised by itching, erythema, and epidermal barrier dysfunction. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and multifactorial; however,mast cell (MC) activation has been reported to be one of the crucial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AD. The MC receptor Mas related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) has been identified as a prominent alternative receptor to the IgE receptor in causing MC activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a novel small molecule MRGPRX2 antagonist GE1111 in AD using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Methods We developed an in vitro cell culture disease model by using LAD-2 MC, HaCaT keratinocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. We challenged keratinocytes and macrophage cells with CST-14 treated MC supernatant in the presence and absence of GE1111 and measured the expression of tight junction protein claudin 1, inflammatory cytokines and macrophage phagocytosis activity through immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-qPCR and fluorescence imaging techniques. In addition to this, we developed a DFNB-induced AD model in mice and evaluated the protective effect and underlying mechanism of GE1111. Results and Discussion Our in vitro findings demonstrated a potential therapeutic effect of GE1111, which inhibits the expression of TSLP, IL-13, MCP-1, TNF-a, and IL-1ß in MC and keratinocytes. In addition to this, GE1111 was able to preserve the expression of claudin 1 in keratinocytes and the phagocytotic activity of macrophage cells. The in vivo results demonstrated that GE1111 treatment significantly reduced phenotypic changes associated with AD (skin thickening, scaling, erythema and epidermal thickness). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that GE1111 treatment preserved the expression of the tight junction protein Involucrin and reduced the expression of the inflammatory mediator periostin in the mouse model of AD. These findings were supported by gene and protein expression analysis, where GE1111 treatment reduced the expression of TSLP, IL-13, and IL-1ß, as well as downstream signalling pathways of MRGPRX2 in AD skin lesions. In conclusion, our findings provide compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the contribution of MRGPRX2-MC interaction with keratinocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor K. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamliton, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Gi Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip H. Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Billy K. C. Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Deng L, Gillis JE, Chiu IM, Kaplan DH. Sensory neurons: An integrated component of innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:815-831. [PMID: 38599172 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system possesses the ability to integrate exogenous threats and endogenous signals to mediate downstream effector functions. Sensory neurons have been shown to activate or suppress host defense and immunity against pathogens, depending on the tissue and disease state. Through this lens, pro- and anti-inflammatory neuroimmune effector functions can be interpreted as evolutionary adaptations by host or pathogen. Here, we discuss recent and impactful examples of neuroimmune circuitry that regulate tissue homeostasis, autoinflammation, and host defense. Apparently paradoxical or conflicting reports in the literature also highlight the complexity of neuroimmune interactions that may depend on tissue- and microbe-specific cues. These findings expand our understanding of the nuanced mechanisms and the greater context of sensory neurons in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob E Gillis
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Iwanaszko M, Waldeck N, Anafi R, Paller AS, Zee P, Fishbein A. Circadian Rhythms in Skin Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:208-214. [PMID: 38305093 PMCID: PMC10994754 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231220695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is symptomatically worse in the evening, but the mechanism driving nocturnal eczema remains elusive. Our objective was to determine the circadian rhythm of skin barrier function measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in AD patients and explore the molecular underpinnings. A pilot study was performed on a diverse group of AD (n = 4) and control (n = 2) young patients. We used an inpatient tightly controlled, modified, constant routine protocol. TEWL was measured at least every 90 min in the antecubital fossa (lesional) and forearm, while whole blood samples were collected every 4 h. Results show a significant difference in the antecubital fossa TEWL in the AD group versus controls. TEWL in control skin decreases starting a few hours prior to bedtime, both in the antecubital fossa and in the forearm, while in the AD forearm skin, pre-bedtime TEWL increases. We identified 1576 differentially expressed genes using a time-dependent model. The top 20 upregulated gene ontology pathways included neuronal pathways, while the downregulated functional terms included innate immune signaling and viral response. Similar pathways positively correlated with forearm TEWL in controls and inversely with the AD group. Upregulation in sensory perception pathways correlated with increases in lesional (antecubital fossa) TEWL in the evening. Results show skin barrier function worsens in the evening in the AD group, at a time when barrier is normally rejuvenating in healthy skin. This timing and the detection of transcriptomic signatures of sensory perception and diminished viral response might correspond to the nocturnal itch. Larger studies are needed to evaluate these associations in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Iwanaszko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Nathan Waldeck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 606112
| | - Ron Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Penn Institute for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Amy S. Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Phyllis Zee
- Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Anna Fishbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
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Zhang M, Liu T, Yang J. Skin neuropathy and immunomodulation in diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:218-225. [PMID: 38933512 PMCID: PMC11197692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a vital barrier tissue of the body. Immune responses in the skin must be precisely controlled, which would otherwise cause severe disease conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, or pathogenic infection. Research evidence has increasingly demonstrated the essential roles of neural innervations, i.e., sensory and sympathetic signals, in modulating skin immunity. Notably, neuropathic changes of such neural structures have been observed in skin disease conditions, implicating their direct involvement in various pathological processes. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying skin neuropathy and its immunomodulatory effects could help reveal novel entry points for therapeutic interventions. Here, we summarize the neuroimmune interactions between neuropathic events and skin immunity, highlighting the current knowledge and future perspectives of this emerging research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manze Zhang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Hu M, Scheffel J, Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Maurer M, Hawro T, Metz M. An update on mechanisms of pruritus and their potential treatment in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4177-4197. [PMID: 37555911 PMCID: PMC10725374 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), which include mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by clonal accumulation of neoplastic T-lymphocytes in the skin. Severe pruritus, one of the most common and distressing symptoms in primary CTCL, can significantly impair emotional well-being, physical functioning, and interpersonal relationships, thus greatly reducing quality of life. Unfortunately, effectively managing pruritus remains challenging in CTCL patients as the underlying mechanisms are, as of yet, not fully understood. Previous studies investigating the mechanisms of itch in CTCL have identified several mediators and their corresponding antagonists used for treatment. However, a comprehensive overview of the mediators and receptors contributing to pruritus in primary CTCL is lacking in the current literature. Here, we summarize and review the mediators and receptors that may contribute to pruritus in primary CTCL to explore the mechanisms of CTCL pruritus and identify effective therapeutic targets using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they described itch mediators and receptors in MF and SS. Overall, the available data suggest that proteases (mainly tryptase), and neuropeptides (particularly Substance P) may be of greatest interest. At the receptor level, cytokine receptors, MRGPRs, and TRP channels are most likely important. Future drug development efforts should concentrate on targeting these mediators and receptors for the treatment of CTCL pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Ding Y, Ma T, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Wang C, Wang Z. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates skin inflammation and pruritus in allergic contact dermatitis by inhibiting mast cell-mediated MRGPRX2/PLCγ1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:110003. [PMID: 36931000 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common dermatoses, which has high disease burden and quality of life impairment. Anti-histamine is not effective in a part of the ACD patients. Thus, the discovery of novel antipruritic therapy is of highly demand. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the anti-pruritic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and explored the underlying mechanism. METHOD SPF Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ACD model group, RA group (1.0 mg/kg) and loratadine (LORA) group (1.5 mg/kg). Back epidermal thickness was recorded. H&E staining was used for pathological observation. Mast cell degranulation was assessed by toluidine blue staining. ELISA assay was employed to detect cytokines levels. Cortistatin-14 (CST-14) and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) expression was detetcted by RT-PCR and western blot. Molecular docking assay was used to predict the affinity of RA and MRGPRX2. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay was used to verify structure affinity of RA and MRGPRX2. RESULTS RA treatment significantly decreased epidermal keratinization and inflammatory cell infiltration in ACD mouse model. Administration of RA significantly reduced secretion of histamine, IL-13, and mRNA expression of CST-14. Furthermore, RA treatment increased mRNA expression of MRGPRX2. In addition, Molecular docking results predict that RA has a good affinity with MRGPRX2. RA displayed a structure affinity (KD = 8.89 × 10-4) with MRGPRX2 by SPR. RA inhibited CST-14 and Compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced mast cell activation via MRGPRX2-PLCγ1-PKC-NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION RA exhibits anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects in ACD mice by inhibiting MRGPRX2-PLCγ1-PKC-NF-κB signaling pathway. RA might emerge as a potential drug for the treatment of pruritus and skin inflammation in the setting of ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chenrui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Koumaki D, Gregoriou S, Evangelou G, Krasagakis K. Pruritogenic Mediators and New Antipruritic Drugs in Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 36983094 PMCID: PMC10054239 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 5-20% of children worldwide, while the prevalence in adults varies from 7 to 10%. Patients with AD experience intense pruritus that could lead to sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life. Here, we analyze the pathophysiology of itchiness in AD. We extensively review the histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pruritogens. Several receptors, substance P, secreted molecules, chemokines, and cytokines are involved as mediators in chronic itch. We also, summarize the new emerging antipruritic drugs in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - George Evangelou
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Weng HJ, Pham QTT, Chang CW, Tsai TF. Druggable Targets and Compounds with Both Antinociceptive and Antipruritic Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:892. [PMID: 35890193 PMCID: PMC9318852 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and itch are both important manifestations of various disorders, such as herpes zoster, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Growing evidence suggests that both sensations have shared mediators, overlapping neural circuitry, and similarities in sensitization processes. In fact, pain and itch coexist in some disorders. Determining pharmaceutical agents and targets for treating pain and itch concurrently is of scientific and clinical relevance. Here we review the neurobiology of pain and itch and discuss the pharmaceutical targets as well as novel compounds effective for the concurrent treatment of these sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jui Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Quoc Thao Trang Pham
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
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11
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Kolkhir P, Pyatilova P, Ashry T, Jiao Q, Abad-Perez AT, Altrichter S, Vera Ayala CE, Church MK, He J, Lohse K, Metz M, Scheffel J, Türk M, Frischbutter S, Maurer M. Mast cells, cortistatin, and its receptor, MRGPRX2, are linked to the pathogenesis of chronic prurigo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1998-2009.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ogasawara H, Noguchi M. Therapeutic Potential of MRGPRX2 Inhibitors on Mast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112906. [PMID: 34831128 PMCID: PMC8616451 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) act as primary effectors in inflammatory and allergic reactions by releasing intracellularly-stored inflammatory mediators in diseases. The two major pathways for MC activation are known to be immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent and -independent. Although IgE-dependent signaling is the main pathway to MC activation, IgE-independent pathways have also been found to serve pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory conditions. Recent studies have shown that human and mouse MCs express several regulatory receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), CD48, C300a, and GPCRs, including mas-related GPCR-X2 (MRGPRX2). MRGPRX2 has been reported as a novel GPCR that is expressed in MCs activated by basic secretagogues, neurokinin peptides, host defense antimicrobial peptides, and small molecule compounds (e.g., neuromuscular blocking agents) and leads to MC degranulation and eicosanoids release under in vitro experimental condition. Functional analyses of MRGPRX2 and Mrgprb2 (mouse ortholog) indicate that MRGPRX2 is involved in MC hypersensitivity reactions causing neuroinflammation such as postoperative pain, type 2 inflammation, non-histaminergic itch, and drug-induced anaphylactic-like reactions. In this review, we discuss the roles in innate immunity through functional studies on MRGPRX2-mediated IgE-independent MC activation and also the therapeutic potential of MRGPRX2 inhibitors on allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ogasawara
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-786-7690
| | - Masato Noguchi
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
- Office of Research Development and Sponsored Projects, Shinanomachi Campus, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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13
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Gallegos-Alcalá P, Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Salinas E. The Keratinocyte as a Crucial Cell in the Predisposition, Onset, Progression, Therapy and Study of the Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910661. [PMID: 34639001 PMCID: PMC8509070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The keratinocyte (KC) is the main functional and structural component of the epidermis, the most external layer of the skin that is highly specialized in defense against external agents, prevention of leakage of body fluids and retention of internal water within the cells. Altered epidermal barrier and aberrant KC differentiation are involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cutaneous and systemic immune dysregulation and skin microbiota dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of this complex disease remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the participation of the KC in different aspects of the AD. We provide an overview of the genetic predisposing and environmental factors, inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways of the KC that participate in the physiopathology of the AD. We also analyze the link among the KC, the microbiota and the inflammatory response underlying acute and chronic skin AD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Mariela Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
- National Council of Science and Technology, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (P.G.-A.); (M.J.); (D.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-449-9108424
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El-Telbany DFA, El-Telbany RFA, Zakaria S, Ahmed KA, El-Feky YA. Formulation and assessment of hydroxyzine HCL solid lipid nanoparticles by dual emulsification technique for transdermal delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112130. [PMID: 34560549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyzine HCL (HHCL) is an antihistamine, used for the treatment of allergic skin conditions. The purpose of this study was to achieve a dual phase drug delivery rate across the intact skin, to enhance HHCL permeation through the stratum corneum, to assess the peripheral H1-antihistaminic activity and the extent to which HHCL was systemically absorbed from transdermal gel loaded with solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as well as to avoid its extreme bitterness. According to 23 factorial design, eight formulations of HHCL-SLNs were prepared by the double emulsification method. Lipid type (XA), surfactant concentration (XB) and co-surfactant concentration (XC) were the independent variables. All formulations were characterized for their surface morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release study. The optimized formula that provides greater desirability was then incorporated into the transdermal gel. In addition, the efficacy of the developed gel was tested in-vivo using 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene induced atopic dermatitis as lesion model in mice. F4 showed an average diameter 111 nm ± 0.03, zeta potential - 30 MV ± 2.4 and EE 75.2% ± 4.4. TEM images showed spherical, smooth morphology with uniform particles distribution. In-vivo study demonstrated potent antipruritic efficacy of transdermal gel in atopic dermatitis such as induced lesions compared to HHCL gel. Hence, HHCL solid lipid nanoparticles transdermal gel may be considered as potential for delivery of HHCL and alternatively to traditional oral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Farag A El-Telbany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania Farag A El-Telbany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherin Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin A El-Feky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
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A New Approach to Atopic Dermatitis Control with Low-Concentration Propolis-Loaded Cold Cream. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091346. [PMID: 34575421 PMCID: PMC8466707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is difficult to treat. Traditional cold cream, a water-in-oil emulsion made from beeswax, is used to alleviate AD symptoms in clinical practice, although its effectiveness has not been scientifically proven. The addition of propolis has the potential to impart anti-inflammatory properties to cold cream. However, in high concentrations, propolis can trigger allergic reactions. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a cold cream formulation based on purified beeswax containing the same amount of green propolis present in raw beeswax. The impact of adding this low propolis concentration to cold cream on AD control was evaluated in patients compared to cold cream without added propolis (CBlank). Raw beeswax was chemically characterized to define the propolis concentration added to the propolis-loaded cold cream (CPropolis). The creams were characterized as to their physicochemical, mechanical, and rheological characteristics. The effect of CPropolis and CBlank on the quality of life, disease severity, and skin hydration of patients with AD was evaluated in a triple-blind randomized preclinical study. Concentrations of 34 to 120 ng/mL of green propolis extract reduced TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated macrophage culture. The addition of propolis to cold cream did not change the cream’s rheological, mechanical, or bioadhesive properties. The preclinical study suggested that both creams improved the patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, the use of CPropolis decreased the disease severity compared to CBlank.
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16
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Common and discrete mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch: peripheral and central sensitization. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1603-1615. [PMID: 34245379 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normally, an obvious antagonism exists between pain and itch. In normal conditions, painful stimuli suppress itch sensation, whereas pain killers often generate itch. Although pain and itch are mediated by separate pathways under normal conditions, most chemicals are not highly specific to one sensation in chronic pathologic conditions. Notably, in patients with neuropathic pain, histamine primarily induces pain rather than itch, while in patients with atopic dermatitis, bradykinin triggers itch rather than pain. Accordingly, repetitive scratching even enhances itch sensation in chronic itch conditions. Physicians often prescribe pain relievers to patients with chronic itch, suggesting common mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch, especially peripheral and central sensitization. Rather than separating itch and pain, studies should investigate chronic itch and pain including neuropathic and inflammatory conditions. Here, we reviewed chronic sensitization leading to chronic pain and itch at both peripheral and central levels. Studies investigating the connection between pain and itch facilitate the development of new therapeutics against both chronic dysesthesias based on the underlying pathophysiology.
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Wong LS, Yen YT, Lee CH. The Implications of Pruritogens in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7227. [PMID: 34281281 PMCID: PMC8269281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prototypic inflammatory disease that presents with intense itching. The pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, skin barrier function, and immune responses. A recent understanding of pruritus transmission provides more information about the role of pruritogens in the pathogenesis of AD. There is evidence that pruritogens are not only responsible for eliciting pruritus, but also interact with immune cells and act as inflammatory mediators, which exacerbate the severity of AD. In this review, we discuss the interaction between pruritogens and inflammatory molecules and summarize the targeted therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-San Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ta Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Fooying University Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
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Moattari CR, Granstein RD. Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13644. [PMID: 33724698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
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He H, Del Duca E, Diaz A, Kim HJ, Gay-Mimbrera J, Zhang N, Wu J, Beaziz J, Estrada Y, Krueger JG, Pavel AB, Ruano J, Guttman-Yassky E. Mild atopic dermatitis lacks systemic inflammation and shows reduced nonlesional skin abnormalities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1369-1380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Umehara Y, Kiatsurayanon C, Trujillo-Paez JV, Chieosilapatham P, Peng G, Yue H, Nguyen HLT, Song P, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Niyonsaba F. Intractable Itch in Atopic Dermatitis: Causes and Treatments. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030229. [PMID: 33668714 PMCID: PMC7996203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch or pruritus is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis and is defined as an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire to scratch. It is also believed that itch is a signal of danger from various environmental factors or physiological abnormalities. Because histamine is a well-known substance inducing itch, H1-antihistamines are the most frequently used drugs to treat pruritus. However, H1-antihistamines are not fully effective against intractable itch in patients with atopic dermatitis. Given that intractable itch is a clinical problem that markedly decreases quality of life, its treatment in atopic dermatitis is of high importance. Histamine-independent itch may be elicited by various pruritogens, including proteases, cytokines, neuropeptides, lipids, and opioids, and their cognate receptors, such as protease-activated receptors, cytokine receptors, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors, opioid receptors, and transient receptor potential channels. In addition, cutaneous hyperinnervation is partly involved in itch sensitization in the periphery. It is believed that dry skin is a key feature of intractable itch in atopic dermatitis. Treatment of the underlying conditions that cause itch is necessary to improve the quality of life of patients with atopic dermatitis. This review describes current insights into the pathophysiology of itch and its treatment in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Chanisa Kiatsurayanon
- Institute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Panjit Chieosilapatham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Hai Le Thanh Nguyen
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.U.); (J.V.T.-P.); (G.P.); (H.Y.); (H.L.T.N.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591; Fax: +81-3-3813-5512
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Thapaliya M, Chompunud Na Ayudhya C, Amponnawarat A, Roy S, Ali H. Mast Cell-Specific MRGPRX2: a Key Modulator of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Allergic Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33398613 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic asthma are complex disorders with significant public health burden. This review provides an overview of the recent developments on Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2; mouse counterpart MrgprB2) as a potential candidate to target neuro-immune interaction in AD and allergic asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Domestic allergens directly activate sensory neurons to release substance P (SP), which induces mast cell degranulation via MrgprB2 and drives type 2 skin inflammation in AD. MRGPRX2 expression is upregulated in human lung mast cells and serum of asthmatic patients. Both SP and hemokinin-1 (HK-1 generated from macrophages, bronchial cells, and mast cells) cause degranulation of human mast cells via MRGPRX2. MrgprB2 contributes to mast cell-nerve interaction in the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, asthma severity is associated with increased MRGPRX2 expression in mast cells. Thus, MRGPRX2 could serve as a novel target for modulating AD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Thapaliya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chalatip Chompunud Na Ayudhya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aetas Amponnawarat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Choi DI, Park JH, Choi JY, Piao M, Suh MS, Lee JB, Yun SJ, Lee SC. Keratinocytes-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Play an Active Role to Induce Type 2 Inflammation of the Skin: A Pathogenic Role of Reactive Oxygen Species at the Early Phase of Atopic Dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2020; 33:26-36. [PMID: 33911809 PMCID: PMC7875219 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, relapsing skin inflammation (eczema) with itchy sensation. Keratinocytes, which are located at the outermost part of our body, are supposed to play important roles at the early phase of type 2 inflammation including AD pathogenesis. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether keratinocytes-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be produced by the allergens or non-allergens, and the keratinocytes-derived ROS could modulate a set of biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin. Methods Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were treated with an allergen of house dust mites (HDM) or a non-allergen of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Then, biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin including those for neurogenic inflammation were checked by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western immunoblot experiments. Results HDM or C48/80 was found to upregulate expression levels of our tested biomarkers, including type 2 T helper-driving pathway (KLK5, PAR2, and NFκB), epithelial-cell-derived cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin [IL]-25, IL-33), and neurogenic inflammation (NGF, CGRP). The HDM- or C-48/80-induced expression levels of the biomarkers could be blocked by an antioxidant treatment with 5 mM N-acetyl-cysteine. In contrast, pro-oxidant treatment with 1 mM H2O2 could upregulate expression levels of the tested biomarkers in NHEKs. Conclusion Our results reveal that keratinocytes-derived ROS, irrespective to their origins from allergens or non-allergens, have a potential to induce type 2 inflammation of AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-In Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - MeiShan Piao
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Song Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook-Jung Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Kühn H, Kolkhir P, Babina M, Düll M, Frischbutter S, Fok JS, Jiao Q, Metz M, Scheffel J, Wolf K, Kremer AE, Maurer M. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 and its activators in dermatologic allergies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:456-469. [PMID: 33071069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is a multiligand receptor responding to various exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Being highly expressed on skin mast cells, MRGPRX2 triggers their degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators, and it promotes multicellular signaling cascades, such as itch induction and transmission in sensory neurons. The expression of MRGPRX2 by skin mast cells and the levels of the MRGPRX2 agonists (eg, substance P, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase) are upregulated in the serum and/or skin of patients with inflammatory and pruritic skin diseases, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria or atopic dermatitis. Therefore, MRGPRX2 and its agonists might be potential biomarkers for the progression of cutaneous inflammatory diseases and the response to treatment. In addition, they may represent promising targets for prevention and treatment of signs and symptoms in patients with skin diseases or drug reactions. To assess this possibility, this review explores the role and relevance of MRGPRX2 and its activators in cutaneous inflammatory disorders and chronic pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kühn
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavel Kolkhir
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Division of Immune-mediated Skin Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Magda Babina
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Düll
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Shen Fok
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qingqing Jiao
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Martin Metz
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kremer
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Tsang MSM, Wong CK. Functional interaction between sensory neurons and mast cells in the early stage of house dust mite-induced type 2 inflammation and itch: a novel therapeutic target of allergic disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:899-900. [PMID: 32699349 PMCID: PMC7608109 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factor in ocular allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 19:510-516. [PMID: 31145195 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During allergic reaction, nervous and immune systems mutually interact through release of mediators, including neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factor (NGF). These mediators modulate allergic reaction through binding their receptors expressed by immune and structural cells and by stimulating neuropeptide release by nerves. The role of neuropeptides and NGF has been demonstrated in allergic asthma and rhinitis, and, to a lesser extent, in allergic conjunctivitis. The aim of this review are to elucidate the evidence of the role of NGF and neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of allergic conjunctivitis. RECENT FINDINGS NGF modulates allergic reaction by stimulating release of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides by immune and structural cells and nerve endings at the site of inflammation. Evidence showed that local and systemic NGF levels increase in patients with allergic conjunctivitis, including allergic rhinoconjuncivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. We recently described an increase of conjunctival p75NTR expression in patients with allergic rhinoconjuncivitis, and an increase of tear levels of NGF after conjunctival provocation test with allergen. SUMMARY NGF modulates ocular allergic reaction. Increasing understanding of the role of neuropeptides in allergic conjunctivitis may pave the way to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and improvement of patients' management.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to explore mechanisms, causes, and therapies of itchy conditions involving organs beyond the skin including the eyes, ears, nose, and genital region. RECENT FINDINGS Conditions which cause itch in these locations vary from skin diseases that extend to these areas (i.e., atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis) to allergic conditions (i.e., allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis) and to neuropathic conditions that relate to afferent nerve fiber damage (i.e., lumbosacral radiculopathies in genital disease) as well as some psychological components. Similar to the skin, itch in these locations involves a complex interaction between epithelial cells, unmyelinated C nerve fibers, and cytokines. There is also a significant component of neural sensitization phenomena. Mechanisms of itch beyond the skin are currently an understudied topic that affects millions of patients. Future research should be done in order to further understand the pathophysiology of itch in these body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shireen Golpanian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, and Itch Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Peter Smith
- School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, and Itch Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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27
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Nouveaux traitements et perspectives thérapeutiques dans la dermatite atopique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:466-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Katoh N, Ohya Y, Ikeda M, Ebihara T, Katayama I, Saeki H, Shimojo N, Tanaka A, Nakahara T, Nagao M, Hide M, Fujita Y, Fujisawa T, Futamura M, Masuda K, Murota H, Yamamoto-Hanada K. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis 2018. J Dermatol 2019; 46:1053-1101. [PMID: 31599013 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a disease characterized by relapsing eczema with pruritus as a primary lesion. The current strategies to treat AD in Japan from the perspective of evidence-based medicine consist of three primary measures: (i) the use of topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus ointment as the main treatment for the inflammation; (ii) topical application of emollients to treat the cutaneous barrier dysfunction; and (iii) avoidance of apparent exacerbating factors, psychological counseling and advice about daily life. The guidelines present recommendations to review clinical research articles, evaluate the balance between the advantages and disadvantages of medical activities, and optimize medical activity-related patient outcomes with respect to several important points requiring decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Pediatric Acute Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacuetical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ebihara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nihon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Division of, Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Division of, Allergy, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Futamura
- Division of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Masuda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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29
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Harvey KL, Jarocki VM, Charles IG, Djordjevic SP. The Diverse Functional Roles of Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2351. [PMID: 31708880 PMCID: PMC6822514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical studies have described the complex interactions needed to effect canonical function. However, EF-Tu has evolved the capacity to execute diverse functions on the extracellular surface of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. EF-Tu can traffic to, and is retained on, cell surfaces where can interact with membrane receptors and with extracellular matrix on the surface of plant and animal cells. Our structural studies indicate that short linear motifs (SLiMs) in surface exposed, non-conserved regions of the molecule may play a key role in the moonlighting functions ascribed to this ancient, highly abundant protein. Here we explore the diverse moonlighting functions relating to pathogenesis of EF-Tu in bacteria and examine putative SLiMs on surface-exposed regions of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harvey
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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30
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Serhan N, Basso L, Sibilano R, Petitfils C, Meixiong J, Bonnart C, Reber LL, Marichal T, Starkl P, Cenac N, Dong X, Tsai M, Galli SJ, Gaudenzio N. House dust mites activate nociceptor-mast cell clusters to drive type 2 skin inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1435-1443. [PMID: 31591569 PMCID: PMC6858877 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergic skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), are clinically
characterized by severe itching and type 2 immunity-associated hypersensitivity
to widely-distributed allergens, including those derived from house dust mites
(HDMs). Here we found that HDMs with cysteine-protease activity directly
activated peptidergic nociceptors, which are neuropeptide-producing nociceptive
sensory neurons, that expressed the ion channel TRPV1 and Tac1,
the gene encoding the precursor for the neuropeptide substance P. Intravital
imaging and genetic approaches indicated that HDMs-activated nociceptors drove
the development of allergic skin inflammation by inducing the degranulation of
mast cells contiguous to such nociceptors through the release of substance P and
the activation of the cationic molecules receptor MRGPRB2 on mast cells. This
data indicates that, after exposure to HDM allergens, activation of
TRPV1+Tac1+
nociceptor-MRGPRB2+ sensory clusters represents a key early event
in the development of allergic skin reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Serhan
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - James Meixiong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Unit for Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, Paris, France.,Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Marichal
- GIGA Institute and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege University, Liege, Belgium.,WELBIO, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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31
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, inflammatory erythematous skin lesions, and skin-barrier defect. Current mainstay treatments of emollients, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and immunosuppressants have limited efficacy and potentially serious side effects. Recent advances and understanding of the pathogenesis of AD have resulted in new therapies that target specific pathways with increased efficacy and the potential for less systemic side effects. New FDA-approved therapies for AD are crisaborole and dupilumab. The JAK-STAT inhibitors (baricitinib, upadacitinib, PF-04965842, ASN002, tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, and delgocitinib) have the most promising results of the emerging therapies. Other drugs with potential include the aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulating agent tapinarof, the IL-4/IL-13 antagonists lebrikizumab and tralokinumab, and the IL-31Rα antagonist nemolizumab. In this review, new and emerging AD therapies will be discussed along with their mechanisms of action and their potential based on clinical study data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry L Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Katelyn R Anderson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Megha M Tollefson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Itch treatment is a major challenge in the dermatologist’s practice. We encounter patients suffering from pruritus on a regular basis, and often lack diverse treatment options to adequately respond to the patients’ needs. In the last 20 years, novel pathways have been investigated that were beyond the scope of histamine. Although most did not result in a molecule available on the Canadian market, it is interesting and important as health care providers to stay up to date with new neuronal pathways involved in itch transmission and potential new therapeutic options. In this review, we will discuss pathways targeted in new topical treatments such as antagonist of proteinase-activated receptor-2, the endocannabinoid system, neurotrophins and tropomyosin-related kinase A receptor, the transient receptor potential-vanilloid or transient receptor potential-melastatine ion channels. New systemic therapies are now focusing on antagonizing the neurokinin receptor, modulating the opioidergic system, or targeting itch cytokines such as interleukin-31.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Brest, France
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33
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Kim S, Back SK, Na HS, Kee SH. Capsaicin induces atopic dermatitis-like manifestations through dysregulation of proteolytic system and alteration of filaggrin processing in rats. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:332-339. [PMID: 29509988 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease featuring pruritic skin inflammation. Many animal models have been developed. In a rat model, subcutaneous capsaicin injection within 48 hours after birth induces AD-like skin manifestations of dermatitis and scratching behaviour 3 weeks after the injection. When 2- to 4-week-old rats were injected with capsaicin, the lag period was shortened, and the severity of skin manifestations was significantly reduced, suggesting influences of postnatal development. Lgr6 is an epidermal stem cell marker that is normally restricted to the isthmus area of hair follicles at postnatal 2 weeks. Lgr6 persisted in the interfollicular epidermis of capsaicin-injected rats beyond 3 weeks after birth, indicating that capsaicin-induced skin manifestations were influenced by postnatal epidermal development. Capsaicin injection induced alteration of proteolytic processing of filaggrin and corneodesmosin, suggesting epidermal barrier dysfunction. Inappropriate degradation of matriptase was observed. Degrees of proteolysis of these proteins were corelated with the severity of manifestations, suggesting that inappropriate proteolysis might be a possible cause of the skin manifestations. These results strongly suggest that capsaicin may dysregulate the protease system, resulting in alteration of profilaggrin and corneodesmosin proteolysis and skin manifestations. These events may be influenced by postnatal epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Keun Back
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Heung Sik Na
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Rinaldi G. The Itch-Scratch Cycle: A Review of the Mechanisms. Dermatol Pract Concept 2019; 9:90-97. [PMID: 31106010 PMCID: PMC6502296 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0902a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being one of the most common presenting dermatological symptoms, itching continues to perplex health care professionals because it is notoriously difficult to control. OBJECTIVE This review gathers evidence to answer the 2-part question, "Why do we itch and scratch?" by exploring the history of itchy disease, the neurobiology of itch, and the 4 different clinical origins of itch: pruritogenic, neurological, neuropathic, and psychological. RESULTS The automated scratching reflex and its biological and psychological reasons for existence are complicated and poorly understood. Currently, there are a myriad of treatments available for individuals suffering from this condition; however, many remain symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS The itch-scratch cycle is a complex pain-like sensation with a reflex-like response. In the future, continued exploration into the mechanisms behind itch and scratch may open the doors for new therapeutic interventions.
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35
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Johnson BB, Franco AI, Beck LA, Prezzano JC. Treatment-resistant atopic dermatitis: challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:181-192. [PMID: 30962700 PMCID: PMC6432884 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s163814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing-remitting inflammatory disease that can be challenging to treat. Patients with mild disease are usually managed well with good skin care practices including moisturization and appropriate bathing along with intermittent use of topical therapies such as topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors during flares. Patients with frequent flares may benefit from proactive application of topical therapies twice a week to the most troublesome areas. Patients with severe disease often present significant treatment challenges. Systemic therapies are usually required for severe AD but have varying degrees of success and can be associated with side-effect profiles that require counseling and close monitoring. Phototherapy has been shown to have success in treating moderate-to-severe AD, but several factors can limit its utility and efficacy including cost and access. New therapies are in development targeting specific pathways relevant for AD. Dupilumab was the first biologic treatment approved in North America, Europe, and Japan for adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Although this treatment can lead to rapid improvement in the majority of patients, there are inadequate responders. In this review, we discuss the clinical challenges and treatment options for moderate-to-severe refractory AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,
| | - Abigail I Franco
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,
| | - James C Prezzano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,
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36
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Yu S, Li Y, Zhou Y, Follansbee T, Hwang ST. Immune mediators and therapies for pruritus in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yanxi Li
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
| | - Taylor Follansbee
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior; University of California Davis; Davis California
| | - Samuel T. Hwang
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
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37
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Mehta D, Granstein RD. Immunoregulatory Effects of Neuropeptides on Endothelial Cells: Relevance to Dermatological Disorders. Dermatology 2019; 235:175-186. [PMID: 30808842 DOI: 10.1159/000496538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, have a neurogenic component. In this regard, bidirectional interactions between components of the nervous system and multiple target cells in the skin and elsewhere have been receiving increasing attention. Neuropeptides released by sensory nerves that innervate the skin can directly modulate functions of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, mast cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. As a result, neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors participate in a complex, interdependent network of mediators that modulate the skin immune system, skin inflammation, and wound healing. In this review, we will focus on recent studies demonstrating the roles of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, and nerve growth factor in modulating inflammation and immunity in the skin through their effects on dermal microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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38
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Lönndahl L, Rasul A, Lonne-Rahm SB, Holst M, Johansson B, El-Nour H, Radu Djurfeldt D, Nordlind K. Tachykinin upregulation in atopic dermatitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:117-122. [PMID: 30773959 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1558235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Context: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, itching skin disorder, which may worsen due to stress, depression and anxiety. Tachykinins may be involved in inflammation signaling as well as they may have a role in stress, depression and anxiety. Objective: This study aimed to measure the expression of tachykinin markers, in the skin of patients with AD, and the correlation of these tachykinins with clinical and psychodemographic parameters. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight adult patients with AD were investigated regarding tachykinin expression in skin biopsies, using an immunohistochemical technique. The patients were characterized with clinical and psychodemographic parameters. Results: The number of substance P and neurokinin (NK)A positive nerve fibers, as well as NKA positive mononuclear dermal cells, was increased in lesional compared to non-lesional skin. Interestingly, the depression score and the number of dermal NK-1 receptor (R) positive cells in lesional as well as in non-lesional skin showed a correlation. Conclusion: These findings indicate an upregulation of the tachykinergic system in the inflamed skin of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lönndahl
- a Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Dermatology , Karolinska University Hospital Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aram Rasul
- a Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Diagnostiskt Centrum Hud , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sol-Britt Lonne-Rahm
- a Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mikael Holst
- d Department of Woman and Child Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit , Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Björn Johansson
- e Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Husameldin El-Nour
- a Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,f College of Dentistry , King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana Radu Djurfeldt
- g Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Klas Nordlind
- a Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Unit , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Dermatology , Karolinska University Hospital Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
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39
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Li R, Hadi S, Guttman-Yassky E. Current and emerging biologic and small molecule therapies for atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:367-380. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1573422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall Li
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suhail Hadi
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Misery L, Huet F, Gouin O, Ständer S, Deleuran M. Current pharmaceutical developments in atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 46:7-13. [PMID: 30611103 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, pruritic, chronic or chronically relapsing skin disease that typically begins in early childhood and is occurring frequently in families with other atopic diseases (bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhino-conjunctivitis). Thanks to immunological and neurobiological research, the era of new treatments is coming as well as it occurred with psoriasis 15 years ago. Many treatments targeting cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, TSLP) or neurotransmitters (substance P, opioids) or their respective receptors as well as phosphodiesterase-4 or the Jak/Stat pathways are under development. Antagonists of cytokines and anti-jak have promising effects on pruritus while it is more difficult to discriminate the effects of other drugs from the placebo effect on itch, which is known to be high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- University of Brest, LIEN, F-29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, Department of Dermatology, Brest, France.
| | - Flavien Huet
- University of Brest, LIEN, F-29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, Department of Dermatology, Brest, France
| | - Olivier Gouin
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mette Deleuran
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Aarhus, Denmark
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Pereira MP, Ständer S. Novel drugs for the treatment of chronic pruritus. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:981-988. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1548606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel P. Pereira
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Zeidler C, Metz M, Steinke S, Ständer S. [Treatment of chronic pruritus-what is new?]. Hautarzt 2018; 69:641-646. [PMID: 29931387 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pruritus is one of the most common and stressful symptoms in medicine. Therapy remains a great challenge because of the lack of approved therapies. In the recent past a greater understanding of the pathogenesis has enabled the results to be translated into new forms of therapy. The various therapies target a wide range of points in the pruritic cascade-from blockade of intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways in the skin to the modulation of neurotransmission. This article provides a summary of current therapeutic options based on the current S2K guideline and gives an overview about recent developments in antipruritic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zeidler
- Kompetenzzentrum Chronischer Pruritus (KCP) und Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - M Metz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Steinke
- Kompetenzzentrum Chronischer Pruritus (KCP) und Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
| | - S Ständer
- Kompetenzzentrum Chronischer Pruritus (KCP) und Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
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Jafferany M, Davari ME. Itch and psyche: psychiatric aspects of pruritus. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:3-23. [PMID: 29917231 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Itch, also referred to as pruritus, is an unpleasant cutaneous sensation provoking the desire to scratch. It is often an uncomfortable, subjective sensation responsible for decreased quality of life in a variety of psychodermatological conditions. Comorbid psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, are frequently associated with itch and scratch cycle. The reciprocal and intricate relationship between the psyche and itch has been widely studied. The neurobiology of itch involves the complexity of specific mediators, itch-related neuronal pathways, and central processing of itch. The connection between itch and the psyche can be grouped under three headings: pruritic diseases with psychosocial sequelae, pruritic diseases aggravated by psychosocial factors, and psychiatric disorders causing pruritus. Itch and pain modulation go together in most circumstances and involve various substances including histamine, interleukins, protease-activated receptors, transient receptor potential receptors, opioids, and cannabinoids. The close interaction between keratinocytes and nerve endings modulating pain and itch also play a major role. Management of itch associated with its psychosomatic components is directed at an underlying cause and adopting a holistic approach to address not only dermatologic and somatosensory aspects, but also the cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial components. An integrated multidisciplinary team consisting of a dermatologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, and social worker is vital in addressing the multifaceted aspects of pruritus.
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Singh D, Fisher J, Shagalov D, Varma A, Siegel DM. Dangerous plants in dermatology: Legal and controlled. Clin Dermatol 2018; 36:399-419. [PMID: 29908582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The plant and mushroom kingdoms have species used for intoxication, inebriation, or recreation. Some of these species are toxic. Given that many of these plants or substances are illegal and have histories of abuse, much of the research regarding therapeutic application is based on basic science, animal studies, and traditional use. This review examines Cannabis, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Podophyllum, Veratrum, mushrooms, and nightshades, along with resveratrol and cocaine as they relate to dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptej Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM.
| | - Juliya Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Devorah Shagalov
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Aakaash Varma
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Daniel M Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
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Andersen HH, Lo Vecchio S, Elberling J, Yosipovitch G, Arendt-Nielsen L. UVB- and NGF-induced cutaneous sensitization in humans selectively augments cowhage- and histamine-induced pain and evokes mechanical hyperknesis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:258-267. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte H. Andersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Silvia Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jesper Elberling
- The Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Itch Center; University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida; Miami FL USA
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
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Pereira MP, Ständer S. Therapy for pruritus in the elderly: a review of treatment developments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:443-450. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1444752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel P. Pereira
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Petra AI, Tsilioni I, Taracanova A, Katsarou-Katsari A, Theoharides TC. Interleukin 33 and interleukin 4 regulate interleukin 31 gene expression and secretion from human laboratory of allergic diseases 2 mast cells stimulated by substance P and/or immunoglobulin E. Allergy Asthma Proc 2018; 39:153-160. [PMID: 29490771 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2018.38.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine interleukin (IL) 31 has emerged as an important component of allergic and inflammatory diseases associated with pruritus, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and mastocytosis. Mast cells (MC) are stimulated by allergic and nonallergic triggers, and play a critical role in such diseases by secreting histamine and tryptase as well as cytokines and chemokines. IL-33 has been reported to augment MC responses, but its effect on secretion of IL-31 is not known. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether IL-33 can stimulate the secretion of IL-31 from cultured human MCs and whether this response is augmented by either the neuropeptide substance P (SP) or immunoglobulin E (IgE) and anti-IgE in the absence or presence of IL-4. METHODS Laboratory of Allergic Diseases (LAD2) human MCs were cultured in StemProH-34 SFM medium supplemented by stem cell factor and were stimulated either with IL-33 (10 ng /mL) or SP (2 μM), or preincubated with IgE (1 μg/mL) overnight, and then stimulated with anti-IgE (1 μg/mL) for 24 hours. IL-31 gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-33 (10 ng/mL) induces IL-31 gene expression, synthesis, and secretion from LAD2 cells in the absence of degranulation, whereas SP and IgE on their own have no effect. However, the effect of IL-33 is augmented by SP (2 μM) and/or IgE and anti-IgE (1 μg/mL both) and especially their combination. Moreover, this response is significantly further increased when LAD2 cells are cultured in the presence of IL-4. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that IL-33 induced secretion of IL-31 from LAD2 MC, an action augmented by novel neuroimmune interactions that may help in the development of new treatments of allergic and inflammatory diseases, especially AD and mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Petra
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston. Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston. Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Taracanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston. Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston. Massachusetts, USA
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Hon KL, Kung JSC, Tsang KYC, Yu JWS, Cheng NS, Leung TF. Do we need another symptom score for childhood eczema? J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 29:510-514. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1373734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jeng Sum Charmaine Kung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Yin Ching Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jasmine Wai Sum Yu
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nam Sze Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Paller AS, Kabashima K, Bieber T. Therapeutic pipeline for atopic dermatitis: End of the drought? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:633-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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