1
|
Poppens M, Ruci A, Davis J. Cutaneous Applications of the Antiviral Drug Cidofovir: A Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2462. [PMID: 38730991 PMCID: PMC11084884 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cidofovir, an antiviral drug approved for cytomegalovirus retinitis, has emerged as an alternative treatment option for virally induced cutaneous and mucocutaneous conditions, as well as being trialed as a treatment for select neoplasms. In this review, we highlight the existing evidence, clinical uses, and rationale of using cidofovir for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies. Methods: A PubMed database literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for inclusion in this review. Results: Cidofovir has several cutaneous applications in various formulations including intravenous, topical, and subcutaneous administrations. Primarily through case reports, case series, and retrospective reviews, cidofovir has demonstrated efficacy in treating a variety of virally induced conditions-verruca vulgaris, herpes simplex virus, molluscum contagiosum-as well as in adjuvant treatment for select neoplasms. The drug has shown efficacy in immunocompromised and immunocompetent adults and children alike. Conclusions: The body of literature supports the use of cidofovir as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for many viral cutaneous pathologies, and encourages further study for its use as an adjuvant therapy for neoplastic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- McKayla Poppens
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90404, USA
| | - Amanda Ruci
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90404, USA
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 2020 Santa Monica Blvd #510, Los Angeles, CA 90404, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao S, Lin Z, Li Y, Lu B. Treating erythroplasia of Queyrat with photodynamic therapy following circumcision and dermabrasion. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 49:58-60. [PMID: 37934855 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of a patient with erythroplasia of Queyrat located on the whole glans and end of the prepuce that was successfully treated with three courses of photodynamic therapy after the completion of circumcision and dermabrasion. Skin lesions disappeared after receiving this combination of treatments and have not recurred during the past 6 months of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Li
- Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Departments of Dermatology and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kravvas G, Ge L, Ng J, Shim TN, Doiron PR, Watchorn R, Kentley J, Panou E, Dinneen M, Freeman A, Jameson C, Haider A, Francis N, Minhas S, Alnajjar H, Muneer A, Bunker CB. The management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN): clinical and histological features and treatment of 345 patients and a review of the literature. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1047-1062. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kravvas
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - L. Ge
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J. Ng
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - T. N. Shim
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - P. R. Doiron
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - R. Watchorn
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J. Kentley
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - E. Panou
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - M. Dinneen
- Department of Urology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Freeman
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C. Jameson
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A. Haider
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - N. Francis
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - S. Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - H. Alnajjar
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A. Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C. B. Bunker
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated by laser and light modalities: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1971-1976. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
Fox PA. Treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia and evidence for their effectiveness. Sex Health 2012; 9:587-92. [DOI: 10.1071/sh11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing range of treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). In HIV-positive patients, sustained treatment is often required to achieve clearance. The treatments considered are topically applied fluorouracil, imiquimod, cidofovir and trichloroacetic acid, the potential treatments of topical lopinavir and photodynamic therapy with aminolevulenic acid, and the surgical methods of electrosurgery, infrared coagulation and laser. Destructive treatment methods, possibly including TCA, are more effective than self applied topical treatments. Combining or alternating different treatments should be considered.
Collapse
|
8
|
Feldmeyer L, Krausz-Enderlin V, Töndury B, Hafner J, French LE, Hofbauer GF. Methylaminolaevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Erythroplasia of Queyrat. Dermatology 2011; 223:52-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000330328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
9
|
Abstract
The monetary and personal costs to society of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are enormous. In order to make a comparison of different treatment methods we reviewed the entire literature on HPV treatment from January 1966 to December 2003 using MEDLINE, with particular reference to published meta-analyses, randomized controlled and comparative studies. Patient-applied therapies offer patients the possibility of convenient and, on the whole, pain-free treatment. Podofilox (podophyllotoxin) and salicylic acid for genital and extragenital warts, respectively, have the additional advantage of being the most cost-effective treatments and, on this basis, they are to be commended as appropriate first-line agents. The second-line treatment of choice for common warts is cryotherapy. For recalcitrant common warts possible options include inosine pranobex with cryotherapy or electrosurgery, imiquimod with paring and occlusion, intralesional bleomycin, or diphencyprone. Alternative first-line and second-line treatments for genital warts would be either some form of surgical removal or imiquimod. The first option may be the cheapest but this has to be balanced against a degree of post-operative morbidity. Limited data from comparative studies do not show any clear difference in efficacy between cryotherapy, trichloroacetic acid, scissor excision, electrosurgery, and laser surgery in the treatment of genital warts, and the cost effectiveness of these therapies is probably similar to that of imiquimod. Cryotherapy and trichloroacetic acid are relatively expensive and inconvenient for patients and should be reserved as third-line treatments with certain exceptions, such as cryotherapy for meatal warts. The duration of treatment is significantly related to the number of warts present, the area covered by the warts, and the length of time the warts have been present. For recalcitrant anogenital warts third-line treatment options that show promise include surgery in combination with imiquimod or cidofovir cream. For squamous intraepithelial lesions that cannot easily be excised or physically ablated current treatment options include imiquimod and fluorouracil cream. The latter is an inexpensive option but causes the greatest morbidity. It is hoped that cidofovir may be added to this list if it becomes commercially available, and that protective and therapeutic HPV vaccines will transform the management of HPV in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Fox
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Del Losada JP, Ferré A, San Román B, Vieira V, Fonseca E. Erythroplasia of Queyrat with urethral involvement: treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization. Dermatol Surg 2006; 31:1454-7. [PMID: 16416620 DOI: 10.2310/6350.2005.31217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythroplasia of Queyrat is an uncommon carcinoma in situ that usually arises on the mucosa of the glans penis or prepuce as red, shiny, sharply demarcated velvety plaques. The treatment is often difficult and associated with significant recurrence rates, especially in cases with urethral involvement. OBJECTIVE To evaluate carbon dioxide laser treatment in a case of erythroplasia of Queyrat with urethral involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report a patient with erythroplasia of Queyrat involving the urethra who was treated with carbon dioxide laser vaporization. RESULTS Treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization resulted in an excellent cosmetic and functional status outcome for the glans penis and urethral lesions. CONCLUSION Carbon dioxide laser vaporization is probably the initial elective treatment for erythroplasia of Queyrat with urethral involvement in young immunocompetent patients. A follow-up is necessary, and new sessions of treatment should be quickly performed if recurrence occurs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Conejo-Mir JS, Muñoz MA, Linares M, Rodríguez L, Serrano A. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of erythroplasia of Queyrat: a revisited treatment to this condition. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 19:643-4. [PMID: 16164731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Erythroplasia of Queyrat with Urethral Involvement. Dermatol Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/00042728-200511000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
This contribution will discuss the treatment of actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinoma using methods that are not routinely established but have been used for a long period. The purpose of this article is simply to expand the reader's knowledge of what has been or could be used to treat such lesions. This article should not be interpreted as advocating the use of the methods discussed because there are obviously efficient well-established treatments for these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn G Russo
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Hengge UR, Ruzicka T. Topical Immunomodulation in Dermatology: Potential of Toll-like Receptor Agonists. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30:1101-12. [PMID: 15274700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical immunomodulators include both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive agents. If successful, topical immunotherapy may represent an important improvement in the therapy of inflammatory dermatoses, viral infections, and cancers of the skin and genital mucosa. Topical immunotherapy using obligate contact sensitizers such as diphencyprone or dinitrochlorobenzene has been used against viral (e.g., common warts) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., alopecia areata). RESULTS Newer agents such imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and resiquimod) act by cytokine secretion from monocytes/macrophages (interferon-alpha, interleukin-12, tumor-necrosis factor-alpha). The locally generated immune milieu leads to a Th1-dominance and cell-mediated immunity that have been clinically used to treat viral infections such as human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, and mollusca. Although these agents improve antigen presentation by dendritic cells, they also act on B cells leading to the synthesis of antibodies such as IgG2a. We have also introduced this treatment against cancerous lesions including initial squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. We provide examples of successful treatment of squamous cell cancer using topical imiquimod. CONCLUSION The available and additional Toll-like receptor agonists will help to improve the specific dermatologic therapy. Topical immunotherapy with both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive agents bears potential for effective and patient friendly treatment of inflammatory, infectious, and cancerous skin diseases. Long-term evaluation will define the tolerability and safety profile of these novel topical agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich R Hengge
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Toutous-Trellu L, Hirschel B, Piguet V, Schiffer V, Saurat JH, Pechère M. Traitement par cidofovir topique d’infections cutanées à papillomavirus humain, poxvirus et Herpes simplex virus chez des malades séropositifs pour le VIH. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2004; 131:445-9. [PMID: 15235531 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(04)93637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cidofovir (Vistide) is an antiviral marketed for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Clinical efficacy has been reported with its broad antiviral spectrum that includes poxvirus, human papilloma virus and Herpes simplex. In immunodepressed patients, these infectious dermatoses are often recurrent and resistant. In an open study, we assessed the efficacy and clinical tolerance of cidofovir gel at 1 p. 100. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve HIV-infected adults were included. Cidofovir gel at 1 p. 100 was applied directly on the lesions, once a day, for two weeks on the molluscum and condylomas, four weeks on the warts and one week on the chronic herpes. RESULTS Four patients presented with warts and 3 of them with verruca plana. In 2 of the verruca plana patients, regression was complete although relapse was observed. Two failures were noted. Local application of the gel was not tolerated by one patient suffering from condylomas of the penis. Four patients presented with molluscum contagiosum. Two complete regressions with strong local reaction and two partial regressions were observed. The latter two patients exhibited severe immunodepression, one of them subsequently received infusions of cidofovir. Two women suffering from vulvar and perianal herpes resistant to acyclovir were treated for one week with cidofovir gel at 1 p. 100: no response was obtained. One of the patients stopped treatment because of local intolerance. A third, less immunodepressed, woman responded partially. COMMENTS In HIV-positive patients, cidofovir in topical form appears to be indicated in extensive and confluent molluscum contagiosum. However, the effect occurs at the cost of local inflammation. The results are disappointing in papillomavirus lesions and in chronic acyclovir-resistant herpes ulcerations, efficacy is debatable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Toutous-Trellu
- Division des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|