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Li F, Zhao J, Duan H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhao L, Wen Y, Gu X. Pyoderma gangrenosum complicated with hematological malignancies: Two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37159. [PMID: 38457569 PMCID: PMC10919523 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare noninfectious neutrophilic skin disease. The diagnosis of PG is mainly based on clinical manifestations. Therefore, the clinical features of PG are important for confirming the diagnosis of this disease. Herein, the clinical data of 2 young males with PG complicated with hematological malignancies were reported, and the literature were reviewed. CASE PRESENTATION The first case was a 22-year-old male who was admitted due to a systemic rash, headache, and fever. Physical examination showed black scabs on the skins of the extremities, trunk, scalp, and face. Biopsy of the skin lesion showed epidermal edema, spongy formation, neutrophil infiltration, acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, showing purulent inflammation with epidermal erosion. The bone marrow biopsy showed obviously active proliferation of nucleated cells, granulocytes at various stages, abnormal morphological neutrophils, and occasionally observed young red blood cells. The diagnosis of PG and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML-0) was made. The second case was a 28-year-old male who presented a swollen, painful right calf following injury and then developed ulcers on skin and soft tissues. Bone marrow biopsy showed obviously active nucleated cell proliferation, suggesting a myeloid tumor. He was also diagnosed with PG and hematological malignancies. They both received hormone and antiinfection therapy. After treatment, their body temperature, infection, and skin lesions were improved. However, both of them were readmitted and had a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PG may be associated with hematological malignancies. For patients with typical skin lesions and obvious abnormal blood routines, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of PG with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Huanan Duan
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Haixi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Liangyun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
| | - Xuezhong Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan, China
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Chiriches C, Khan D, Wieske M, Guillen N, Rokicki M, Guy C, Wilson M, Heesom KJ, Ottmann OG, Ruthardt M. Activation of signaling pathways in models of t(6;9)-acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2179-2193. [PMID: 35941390 PMCID: PMC9463248 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients within the WHO-subgroup of t(6;9)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) differ from other AML subgroups as they are characterised by younger age and a grim prognosis. Leukemic transformation can often be attributed to single chromosomal aberrations encoding oncogenes, in the case of t(6;9)-AML to the fusion protein DEK-CAN (also called DEK-NUP214). As being a rare disease there is the urgent need for models of t(6;9)-AML. The only cell line derived from a t(6;9)-AML patient currently available is FKH1. By using phospho-proteomics on FKH1 cells, we found a strongly activated ABL1 kinase. Further investigation revealed the presence of ETV6-ABL1. This finding renders necessary to determine DEK-CAN- and ETV6-ABL1-related features when using FKH1. This can be done as ETV6-ABL1 activity in FKH1 is responsive to imatinib. Nevertheless, we provided evidence that both SFK and mTOR activation in FKH1 are DEK-CAN-related features as they were activated also in other t(6;9) and DEK-CAN-positive models. The activation of STAT5 previously shown to be strong in t(6;9)-AML and activated by DEK-CAN is regulated in FKH1 by both DEK-CAN and ETV6-ABL1. In conclusion, FKH1 cells still represent a model for t(6;9)-AML and could serve as model for ETV6-ABL1-positive AML if the presence of these leukemia-inducing oncogenes is adequately considered.Taken together, all our results provide clear evidence of novel and specific interdependencies between leukemia-inducing oncogenes and cancer signaling pathways which will influence the design of therapeutic strategies to better address the complexity of cancer signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chiriches
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
- Experimental Clinical Medical Center (ECMC) Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Dilawar Khan
- Department of Hematology, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Wieske
- Department of Hematology, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Guillen
- Department of Hematology, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michal Rokicki
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Experimental Clinical Medical Center (ECMC) Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Carol Guy
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Experimental Clinical Medical Center (ECMC) Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Marieangela Wilson
- Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Oliver Gerhard Ottmann
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Experimental Clinical Medical Center (ECMC) Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Martin Ruthardt
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
- Experimental Clinical Medical Center (ECMC) Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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3
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Mendes A, Jühlen R, Martinelli V, Fahrenkrog B. Targeted CRM1-inhibition perturbs leukemogenic NUP214 fusion proteins and exerts anti-cancer effects in leukemia cell lines with NUP214 rearrangements. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3371-3386. [PMID: 32934780 PMCID: PMC7486696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations fusing the locus of nucleoporin NUP214 each with the proto-oncogenes SET and DEK are recurrent in, largely intractable, acute leukemias. The molecular basis underlying the pathogenesis of SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 are still poorly understood, but both chimeras inhibit protein nuclear export mediated by the β-karyopherin CRM1. In this report, we show that SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 both disturb the localization of proteins essential for nucleocytoplasmic transport, in particular for CRM1-mediated protein export. Endogenous and exogenous SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 form nuclear bodies. These nuclear bodies disperse upon targeted inhibition of CRM1 and the two fusion proteins re-localize throughout the nucleoplasm. Moreover, SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 nuclear bodies reestablish shortly after removal of CRM1 inhibitors. Likewise, cell viability, metabolism, and proliferation of leukemia cell lines harboring SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 are compromised by CRM1 inhibition, which is even sustained after clearance from CRM1 antagonists. Our results indicate CRM1 as a possible therapeutic target in NUP214-related leukemia. This is especially important, since no specific or targeted treatment options for NUP214 driven leukemia are available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia Mendes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
| | - Ramona Jühlen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Valérie Martinelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
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4
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Ghasemian Sorbeni F, Montazersaheb S, Ansarin A, Esfahani A, Rezamand A, Sakhinia E. Molecular analysis of more than 140 gene fusion variants and aberrant activation of EVI1 and TLX1 in hematological malignancies. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1605-1623. [PMID: 28779353 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusions are observed in abnormal chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations in hematopoietic malignancies, especially leukemia subtypes. Hence, it is critical to obtain correct information about these rearrangements in order to apply proper treatment techniques. To identify abnormal molecular changes in patients with leukemia, we developed a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MRT-PCR) protocol and investigated more than 140 gene fusions resulting from variations of 29 prevalent chromosomal rearrangements along with EVI1 and TLX1 oncogenic expression in the presence of optimized primers. The potential of the MRT-PCR method was approved by evaluating the available cell lines as positive control and confirmed by sequencing. Samples from 53 patients afflicted with hematopoiesis malignancies were analyzed. Results revealed at least one chromosomal rearrangement in 69% of acute myeloid leukemia subjects, 64% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia subjects, and 81% of chronic myeloid leukemia subjects, as well as a subject with hypereosinophilic syndrome. Also, five novel fusion variants were detected. Results of this study also showed that chromosomal rearrangements, both alone and in conjunction with other rearrangements, are involved in leukemogenesis. Moreover, it was found that EVI1 is a suitable hallmark for hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atefeh Ansarin
- Tabriz Genetic Analysis Center (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azim Rezamand
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Jawhar M, Naumann N, Knut M, Score J, Ghazzawi M, Schneider B, Kreuzer KA, Hallek M, Drexler HG, Chacko J, Wallis L, Fabarius A, Metzgeroth G, Hofmann WK, Chase A, Tapper W, Reiter A, Cross NCP. Cytogenetically cryptic ZMYM2-FLT3 and DIAPH1-PDGFRB gene fusions in myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2271-2273. [PMID: 28751768 PMCID: PMC5630086 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N Naumann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Knut
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Score
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Ghazzawi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - B Schneider
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K-A Kreuzer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Chacko
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - L Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - A Fabarius
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Metzgeroth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - W-K Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Chase
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N C P Cross
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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6
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Qin H, Malek S, Cowell JK, Ren M. Transformation of human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells with DEK-NUP214 induces AML in an immunocompromised mouse model. Oncogene 2016; 35:5686-5691. [PMID: 27065320 PMCID: PMC5064821 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease comprising a large number of subtypes defined by specific chromosome abnormalities. One such subtype carries the t(6;9)(p22;q34) chromosome rearrangement, which leads to expression of the DEK-NUP214 chimeric gene, and has a particularly poor outcome. To provide a better understanding of the molecular etiology of these relatively rare individual AML variants, it is necessary to generate in vivo models, which can also serve as a means to evaluate targeted therapies based on their specific genetic abnormalities. Here, we describe the development of a human cell AML, generated in CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells xenografted into immunocompromised mice that express human myeloid cell growth factors. Within 6 months, these mice develop a human cell AML with phenotypic characteristics of the primary t(6;9) disease and a CD45+CD13+CD34+CD38+ immunophenotype. Gene expression studies show that members of the HOX family of genes (HOXA9, 10, B3, B4 and PBX3) are highly upregulated in the AML from this mouse model as well as from primary human t(6;9) AML. Gene expression analysis also identified several other significantly disregulated pathways involving KRAS, BRCA1 and ALK, for example. This is the first report of a humanized model of the DEK-NUP214 disease and provides a means to study the development and treatment of this particular subtype of AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Order
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Heterografts
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Multigene Family
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Sami Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John K Cowell
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mingqiang Ren
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
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7
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Ortlepp C, Steudel C, Heiderich C, Koch S, Jacobi A, Ryser M, Brenner S, Bornhäuser M, Brors B, Hofmann WK, Ehninger G, Thiede C. Autotaxin is expressed in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells and promotes cell migration and proliferation. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:444-461.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Niscola P, Tendas A, Cupelli L, Neri B, Scaramucci L, Morino L, Giovannini M, Fratoni S, de Fabritiis P. Necrotizing fasciitis in myelodysplastic syndrome: an exceptionally rare occurrence. Support Care Cancer 2012; 21:365-6. [PMID: 22960853 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-012-1588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Azacitidine/therapeutic use
- Chemoprevention
- Fasciitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis
- Fasciitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Fasciitis, Necrotizing/microbiology
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/prevention & control
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/complications
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Remission Induction/methods
- Risk Factors
- Stem Cell Transplantation
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9
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Saito Y, Nakahata S, Yamakawa N, Kaneda K, Ichihara E, Suekane A, Morishita K. CD52 as a molecular target for immunotherapy to treat acute myeloid leukemia with high EVI1 expression. Leukemia 2011; 25:921-31. [PMID: 21394097 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic transcription factor in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with chromosomal alterations at 3q26. Because a high expression of EVI1 protein in AML cells predicts resistance to chemotherapy with a poor outcome, we have searched for molecular targets that will treat these patients with AML. In this study, we determined that CD52, which is mainly expressed on lymphocytes, is highly expressed in most cases of AML with a high EVI1 expression (EVI1(High)). CAMPATH-1H, a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, has been used to prevent graft-versus-host disease and treat CD52-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of CAMPATH-1H on EVI1(High) AML cells. CAMPATH-1H significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in CD52-positive EVI1(High) leukemia cells. Furthermore, CAMPATH-1H induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against CD52-positive EVI1(High) leukemia cells. After an intravenous injection of CAMPATH-1H into NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγ;null mice with subcutaneous engraftment of EVI1(High) leukemia cells, tumor growth rates were significantly reduced, and the mice survived longer than those in the phosphate-buffered saline-injected control group. Thus, CAMPATH-1H is a potential therapeutic antibody for the treatment of patients with EVI1(High) leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saito
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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10
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Gupta M, Ashok Kumar J, Sitaram U, Neeraj S, Nancy A, Balasubramanian P, Abraham A, Mathews V, Viswabandya A, George B, Chandy M, Srivastava A, Srivastava VM. The t(6;9)(p22;q34) in myeloid neoplasms: a retrospective study of 16 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 203:297-302. [PMID: 21156248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the t(6;9) (p22;q34) is a rare but defined subset with a poor prognosis. We report 16 patients with the t(6;9), of whom 13 had AML, 2 had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and 1 had chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast crisis (CML-BC). All except for one were evaluated at diagnosis. The median age was 34.5 (range: 7-62 years), with 12 adults and 12 males. Trilineage dysplasia was present in 13 (81%). Marrow basophilia was seen in only two patients, one of whom had CML-BC. HLA-DR was positive in all 12 patients assessed, CD33 in 11, CD13 in 10, and CD34 in seven. Four patients had one other abnormality apart from the t(6;9). These were the t(9;22) in the patient with CML and deletion 9q, addition 13q, and an isochromosome 8q in the other three patients. There were no complex karyotypes. Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3--internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations were seen in seven of 13 patients. Follow-up details were available for six patients. Three received palliative care, and follow-up details were not available for the other seven. The response to chemotherapy was poor in the remaining patients. The only patients who survived were three out of the four who had allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- Cytogenetics Unit, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore 632004, India
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11
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Shearer BM, Knudson RA, Flynn HC, Ketterling RP. Development of a D-FISH method to detect DEK/CAN fusion resulting from t(6;9)(p23;q34) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia 2005; 19:126-31. [PMID: 15510206 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The t(6;9)(p23;q34)-DEK/CAN fusion occurs with an incidence of 1-5% in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and tends to have an unfavorable prognosis at diagnosis. Due to the subtle appearance of this chromosome rearrangement, both initial detection and minimal residual disease (MRD) tracking by conventional karyotyping can be difficult. Unfortunately, no commercial or previously published fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) strategies exist for this recurrent anomaly. We have developed a highly sensitive assay using dual-color, double-fusion FISH (D-FISH), which can be used both for initial detection and MRD monitoring. We analyzed archived bone marrow samples from 15 patients with a previously identified t(6;9)(p23;q34) and 10 corresponding post-treatment samples. The results demonstrate that our D-FISH method effectively identified all abnormal samples, including a low-level MRD sample that was considered to be normal by conventional cytogenetic analysis. Normal value ranges were established from 30 negative controls to be < 0.6% when 500 interphase nuclei were analyzed. The development of this sensitive D-FISH strategy for the detection of the t(6;9)(p23;q34) adds to the AML FISH testing repertoire, and is effective in the detection of low-level disease in post-treatment samples in these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Shearer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Waldmann T, Scholten I, Kappes F, Hu HG, Knippers R. The DEK protein--an abundant and ubiquitous constituent of mammalian chromatin. Gene 2004; 343:1-9. [PMID: 15563827 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein DEK is an abundant and ubiquitous chromatin protein in multicellular organisms (not in yeast). It is expressed in more than a million copies/nucleus of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells. DEK has two DNA binding modules of which one includes a SAP box, a sequence motif that DEK shares with a number of other chromatin proteins. DEK has no apparent affinity to specific DNA sequences, but preferentially binds to superhelical and cruciform DNA, and induces positive supercoils into closed circular DNA. The available evidence strongly suggests that DEK could function as an architectural protein in chromatin comparable to the better known classic architectural chromatin proteins, the high-mobility group or HMG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Waldmann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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13
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Evans AJ, Gallie BL, Jewett MAS, Pond GR, Vandezande K, Underwood J, Fradet Y, Lim G, Marrano P, Zielenska M, Squire JA. Defining a 0.5-mb region of genomic gain on chromosome 6p22 in bladder cancer by quantitative-multiplex polymerase chain reaction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2004; 164:285-93. [PMID: 14695341 PMCID: PMC1602217 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metaphase-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has identified recurrent regions of gain on different chromosomes in bladder cancer, including 6p22. These regions may contain activated oncogenes important in disease progression. Using quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (QM-PCR) to study DNA from 59 bladder tumors, we precisely mapped the focal region of genomic gain on 6p22. The marker STS-X64229 had copy number increases in 38 of 59 (64%) tumors and the flanking markers, RH122450 and A009N14, had copy number gains in 33 of 59 (56%) and 26 of 59 (45%) respectively. Contiguous gain was present for all three markers in 14 of 59 (24%) and for two (RH122450 and STS-X64229) in 25 of 59 (42%). The genomic distance between the markers flanking STS-X64229 is 0.5 megabases, defining the minimal region of gain on 6p22. Locus-specific interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the increased copy numbers detected by QM-PCR. Current human genomic mapping data indicates that an oncogene, DEK, is centrally placed within this minimal region. Our findings demonstrate the power of QM-PCR to narrow the regions identified by CGH to facilitate identifying specific candidate oncogenes. This also represents the first study identifying DNA copy number increases for DEK in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Evans
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. Ontario, Canada.
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Makita M, Azuma T, Hamaguchi H, Niiya H, Kojima K, Fujita S, Tanimoto M, Harada M, Yasukawa M. Leukemia-associated fusion proteins, dek-can and bcr-abl, represent immunogenic HLA-DR-restricted epitopes recognized by fusion peptide-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. Leukemia 2002; 16:2400-7. [PMID: 12454745 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2002] [Accepted: 07/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes have been demonstrated to play an important role in antitumor immune response, only a few epitopes of tumor-associated antigens recognized by HLA class II-restricted CD4(+) T lymphocytes have been identified. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether leukemia-associated fusion proteins are recognized by CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) were loaded with necrotic or apoptotic leukemia cells with t(6;9) or t(9;22) and then cocultured with the dek-can fusion peptide-specific or the bcr-abl fusion peptide-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte clone. The dek-can peptide-specific and bcr-abl peptide-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte clones produced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) when they were cocultured with HLA-DR-matched but not with mismatched DCs which had been loaded with apoptotic as well as necrotic leukemia cells with t(6;9) and t(9;22), respectively. IFN-gamma production by CD4(+)T lymphocyte clones in response to stimulation with DCs loaded with leukemia cells was inhibited by the anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. These data indicate that the acute myelogenous leukemia-associated fusion protein, dek-can, and chronic myelogenous leukemia-associated fusion protein, bcr-abl, are both processed and presented by DCs to the fusion peptide-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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15
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Suzuki M, Harashima A, Okochi A, Yamamoto M, Matsuo Y, Motoda R, Yoshioka T, Orita K. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) augments granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced proliferation of umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells with an associated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5. Exp Hematol 2002; 30:1132-8. [PMID: 12384143 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several investigators have reported that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) synergistically support cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. To clarify the mechanisms of the synergistic action of TGF-beta(1) and GM-CSF, we compared the activation states of STAT5 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in CD34(+) cells and in GM-CSF-dependent hematopoietic cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human CD34(+) cells and GM-CSF-dependent cell lines (FKH-1, YNH-1, and M-07e) were stimulated with 1.25 ng/mL GM-CSF and/or 0.25 ng/mL TGF-beta(1), and 1.25 ng/mL GM-CSF and/or 0.25 ng/mL, 0.025 ng/mL TGF-beta(1), respectively, and cell proliferation was analyzed by [3H]thymidine uptake. Expression of signal transduction proteins and their phosphorylation states were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS TGF-beta(1) synergistically enhanced the GM-CSF-augmented growth of CD34(+) cells and FKH-1 cells, but inhibited the growth of YNH-1 and M-07e cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 induced by GM-CSF was enhanced by stimulation with the combination of TGF-beta(1) and GM-CSF (TGF-beta(1)/GM-CSF) compared with that induced by GM-CSF alone in CD34(+) cells and FKH-1 cells. However, combinations of TGF-beta(1)/GM-CSF caused inhibition of GM-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in M-07e cells. No significant difference was observed in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation between CD34(+) cells and FKH-1 cells stimulated with GM-CSF/TGF-beta(1) or GM-CSF alone. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that TGF-beta(1) may augment GM-CSF-induced proliferation of CD34(+) cells in association with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for the synergistic enhancement of cellular growth induced by the combination of TGF-beta(1) and GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Suzuki
- Fujisaki Cell Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan.
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16
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Matsushima T, Saitoh T, Karasawa M, Takizawa M, Miyawaki S, Nojima Y, Murakami H. Effect of cytokines on growth and differentiation of leukaemic cells with translocation t(6;9)(p23;q34). Br J Haematol 2001; 115:812-6. [PMID: 11843814 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The translocation t(6;9)(p23;q34) is detected infrequently in subtypes of haematological malignancies including acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Although the t(6;9) leukaemia is commonly associated with bone marrow basophilia, the cytological characteristics of leukaemic cells are unclear. In the current study, we examined the in vitro effects of several cytokines on growth and differentiation of t(6;9) leukaemic cells. Isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from four patients with t(6;9) (two MDS and two AML) were cultured for 14 d in the presence or absence of each cytokine. At the end of culture, viable cells were counted, and their histology was examined. Bone marrow cells obtained from 22 patients (10 AML, six AML from MDS, six MDS) lacking t(6;9) were used as controls. Compared with control cultures, significantly higher numbers of blasts appeared in the culture of bone marrow cells from t(6;9)-positive patients in response to stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or interleukin 3 (IL-3). Stem cell factor (SCF) had little effect. Neutrophil counts were also significantly increased in the presence of G-CSF or IL-3. SCF and IL-3 were potent in increasing basophil counts from t(6;9)-positive cultures. These findings suggest that bone marrow cells obtained from t(6;9) patients are highly sensitive to growth- and/or differentiation-promoting cytokines. Special attention should be paid to the use of "therapeutic" cytokines in these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Analysis of Variance
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Female
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/immunology
- Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsushima
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Shouwa-machi 3-39-15, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0034, Japan.
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Drexler HG. Malignant hematopoietic cell lines: in vitro models for the study of myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2000; 24:109-15. [PMID: 10654445 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(99)90169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal myeloid disorders characterized by bone marrow cell dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral refractory cytopenias. The course of the disease ranges from a chronic status with progressively impaired hematopoiesis to rapid evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A panel of continuous malignant hematopoietic cell lines has been established from the whole spectrum of MDS variants and also from the different stages of the diseases, namely from the MDS phase or the overt leukemia post-MDS phase. Ten cell lines were derived from the various MDS subtypes; 17 cell lines were established from patients with leukemia (mainly AML) post-MDS. While most cell lines display myelocytic, monocytic or erythroid features, some cell lines carry lymphoid characteristics (precursor B-cell, B-cell, or T-cell), With regard to these lymphoid MDS-derived cell lines, more detailed authentication (prove of derivation from the assumed patient) and verification (prove of the malignant nature of the cell line and derivation from the assumed neoplastic cells) are required to validate the cell lines as true in vitro representatives of MDS and to exclude any cross-contamination with other cells or immortalization of normal bystander cells. On the other hand, lymphoid MDS-derived cell lines may attest to the clonal nature of MDS which may afflict progenitor cells giving rise to lymphoid or myelomonocytoid cells. Many of the MDS-derived cell lines carry cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities typically associated with MDS: gain or loss of all or parts of chromosomes 5, 7, 8 and 20 (-5/5q-, -7/7q-, + 8, 20q-); alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (IRF-1, p15, p16, p53, RAS, RB). In summary, the present panel of cell lines provides continuously growing cells and thus unlimited cell material for use as in vitro paradigms covering the whole spectrum of MDS-related hematopoetic malignancies. Properly authenticated and verified MDS-derived cell lines which should be made freely available will represent important research tools for the study of MDS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Drexler
- DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms & Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
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