1
|
Xu F, Wu Y, Pan Y. Leukemic occult infiltrative optic neuropathy presenting as optic neuritis: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:445. [PMID: 39385175 PMCID: PMC11465499 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Isolated ocular relapses of leukemia are rare and typically present as infiltrative lesions of the optic nerve. This report presents a case of an isolated ocular relapse of leukemia in a female patient, characterized by occult infiltrative optic neuropathy. Despite the absence of leukemic cell infiltration on MRI, a 33-year-old female patient presented with optic neuritis, which resolved after intrathecal administration of chemotherapeutic agents. However, due to her non-compliance with the treatment regimen, leukemia progressed to infiltrative optic neuropathy. She refused radiation therapy, and while intrathecal injections provided temporary stabilization, they were insufficient for sustained disease control. This case uniquely documents the extended progression of an isolated ocular relapse of leukemia, evolving from an occult infiltrative lesion initially presenting as optic neuritis to a more pronounced infiltrative lesion. It suggests that leukemic optic nerve infiltration can occur in patients with leukemia even in the absence of MRI-detectable abnormalities. Radiation therapy emerges as a critical modality in the management of infiltrative lesions of the optic nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengsheng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yingzi Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin ML, Hall AJ. Uveitis masquerade syndromes: An approach to diagnosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:91-105. [PMID: 37997019 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis masquerade syndromes are a diverse group of clinical entities which mimic conventional immune-mediated uveitis due to the presence of inflammatory signs but are resistant to anti-inflammatory therapy. Misdiagnosis hinders appropriate management in these conditions and may result in poor outcomes. This review discusses commonly encountered neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease processes that masquerade as intraocular inflammation with a focus on relevant clinical features and adjunctive investigations that are helpful in reaching a correct diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lee Lin
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hall
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dini G, Capolsini I, Cerri C, Massei MS, Mastrodicasa E, Perruccio K, Gorello P, Caniglia M, Verrotti A, Arcioni F. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse presenting with optic nerve infiltration. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231175020. [PMID: 37250823 PMCID: PMC10214062 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231175020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy. Despite many advances in therapy, about 15%-20% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia experience a disease relapse. Isolated ocular relapse is relatively rare. A 14-year-old male with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission presented with sudden onset of right eye pain and visual acuity impairment. Fundoscopic examination of the eye and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits were consistent with optic nerve infiltration. The patient was treated with salvage chemotherapy, orbital radiation and eventual bone marrow transplantation, with notable improvement in vision and regression of retinal and optic nerve findings. Optic nerve infiltration represents an ophthalmic emergency and requires urgent management. The use of radiation therapy is a helpful adjunct with systemic chemotherapy in obtaining disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Dini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capolsini
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Cerri
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Speranza Massei
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Mastrodicasa
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Perruccio
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gorello
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and
Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Caniglia
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Arcioni
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit,
Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azarcon CP, Mercado GJV, Alfonso RN. Recalcitrant Optic Nerve and Retinal Infiltration in a Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Neuroophthalmology 2021; 46:126-130. [DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1933079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corrina P. Azarcon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines – Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Gary John V. Mercado
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines – Manila, Manila, Philippines
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines – Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rachelle N. Alfonso
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines – Manila, Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mendonca TM, Lashkari HP, Kini J, Vepakomma T. Masquerade uveitis with hypopyon as a solitary feature of relapsed leukaemia in a child. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e240485. [PMID: 34011664 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mariet Mendonca
- Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha Prasada Lashkari
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Kini
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tishya Vepakomma
- Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bilateral retinal detachment after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2158-2162. [PMID: 32428218 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CAR T-cell targeting of leukemic infiltrates in the optic nerve and retina caused retinal detachment as a presentation of pseudoprogression. Treatment of this intraocular inflammation with intravitreal triamcinolone and orbital radiation led to marked improvement in visual acuity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsang DS, Vargo JA, Goddard K, Breneman JC, Kalapurakal JA, Marcus KJ. Palliative radiation therapy for children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68 Suppl 2:e28292. [PMID: 33818881 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is often used as a palliative treatment for children with recurrent malignant disease to ameliorate or prevent symptoms. However, no guidelines exist regarding the clinical indications or dose fractionation for palliative RT. The goal of this report is to provide guidelines for the use of palliative RT in children with cancer. In this guideline, appropriate indications for palliative RT, recommended dose-fractionation schedules, relevant toxicities, and avenues for future research are explored. RT is an effective palliative treatment for bone, brain, liver, lung, abdominopelvic and head-and-neck metastases, spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, and bleeding. Single-fraction regimens (8 Gy in one fraction) for children with short life expectancy are recommended for simple, uncomplicated bone metastases and can be considered for some patients with lung or liver metastases. A short, hypofractionated regimen (20 Gy in five fractions) may be used for other indications to minimize overall burden of therapy. There are little data supporting use of more prolonged fractionation regimens, though they may be considered for patients with very good performance status. Future research should focus on response and outcomes data collection, and to rigorously evaluate the role of stereotactic body RT in well-designed, prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Tsang
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Austin Vargo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen Goddard
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John C Breneman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John A Kalapurakal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen J Marcus
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferenchak K, Dao LN, Dalvin LA. Ocular Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:e210514. [PMID: 33881496 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ferenchak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linda N Dao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lauren A Dalvin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Veys D, Norton A, Ainsworth JR, Amrolia P, Lucchini G. Isolated Intraocular Relapse of Pediatric B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-lymphocyte Therapy. Cureus 2020; 12:e10937. [PMID: 33062462 PMCID: PMC7556410 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-lymphocytes (CAR T) targeting the CD19 surface antigen have achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of multiply relapsed and refractory bone marrow (BM) disease in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). The ability of CAR T therapy to treat extramedullary (EM) disease is less proven. However, early reports suggest trafficking of CART-cells to the central nervous system (CNS) as well as other EM sites. We describe a case of isolated intraocular relapse of pediatric B-ALL following CAR T-cell therapy, which had successfully controlled multiply relapsed BM and CNS disease. CAR T-cells may not be able to traffic into the eye, making it a “sanctuary” site during therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Veys
- Hematology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR
| | - Alice Norton
- Hematology, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | | | - Persis Amrolia
- Pediatrics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, GBR
| | - Giovanna Lucchini
- Pediatrics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, GBR
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MacDonell-Yilmaz RE, Statler B, Channa P, Janigian RH, Welch JG. Leukemic Infiltration of the Optic Nerve. JCO Oncol Pract 2019; 16:139-141. [PMID: 31790327 DOI: 10.1200/jop.19.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
11
|
Touhami S, Audo I, Terrada C, Gaudric A, LeHoang P, Touitou V, Bodaghi B. Neoplasia and intraocular inflammation: From masquerade syndromes to immunotherapy-induced uveitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
12
|
LaRiviere MJ, Avery RA, Dolan JG, Adamson PC, Zarnow DM, Xie Y, Avery SM, Kurtz GA, Hill-Kayser CE, Lustig RA, Lukens JN. Emergent Radiation for Leukemic Optic Nerve Infiltration in a Child Receiving Intrathecal Methotrexate. Pract Radiat Oncol 2019; 9:226-230. [PMID: 30978466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaRiviere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Robert A Avery
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Gregory Dolan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter C Adamson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah M Zarnow
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yunhe Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen M Avery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Goldie A Kurtz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine E Hill-Kayser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatric Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert A Lustig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Nicholas Lukens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gillette TB, Cabrera MT, Tarlock K, Murphy CE, Chisholm KM, Stacey AW. Rapidly Progressive, Isolated Subretinal Leukemic Relapse: A Case Report. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2017; 4:220-224. [PMID: 30643765 DOI: 10.1159/000484054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this paper is to describe a case of relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting as a rapidly progressive subretinal infiltrate, as diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). Methods We conducted a clinical pathological retrospective chart review. Results Eleven months after documented remission of T-cell ALL while on maintenance therapy, this 17-year-old patient presented with acute open angle glaucoma in the right eye. B-scan ultrasonography suggested total retinal detachment. Eight weeks later, based on routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis, the patient was diagnosed with central nervous system relapse of T-cell ALL. Repeat B-scan 1 week later showed a new hyperechoic subretinal mass. FNA of the mass confirmed leukemic infiltrate. The involved eye was enucleated, demonstrating leukemic cells throughout the subretinal space, choroid, and the optic nerve. Following hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the patient continues to maintain bone marrow remission 5 months after enucleation without involvement in the opposite eye. Conclusion Retinal detachment in any patient with a history of leukemia should raise the possibility of relapse and may warrant aspiration/biopsy if other means of diagnosing relapse are inconclusive. Subretinal infiltrate may progress rapidly and prompt diagnosis is paramount to tailoring therapy and preserving vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Gillette
- Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington
| | | | - Katherine Tarlock
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Claire E Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Karen M Chisholm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA.,Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew W Stacey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagpal MP, Mehrotra NS, Mehta RC, Shukla CK. LEUKEMIC OPTIC NERVE INFILTRATION IN A PATIENT WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2016; 10:127-130. [PMID: 26267525 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical presentation and imaging features of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia that was complicated by optic nerve leukemic infiltration. METHODS A 36-year-old man with history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia on treatment presented with decreased vision and optic nerve leukemic infiltrates. RESULTS At presentation, ocular examination revealed decreased visual acuity at hand movement close to face in his right eye and 20/120 in his left eye. Fundus examination showed a pale optic disk with blurred margins and multiple flame-shaped and dot and blot retinal hemorrhages in his right eye and disk edema with whitish leukemic infiltrates over it with few dot and blot retinal hemorrhages in his left eye. The patient was referred to the treating oncologist, and curative orbital radiotherapy was administered. Vision improved dramatically to 20/40 in the right eye and to 20/20 in the left eye. He again reported with complaints of blurring of vision in the left eye after 1 month. Visual acuity was 20/20, but fundus revealed severe disk edema with whitish leukemic infiltrates. We diagnosed as relapse of leukemic optic nerve infiltration and referred to the treating oncologist for further management. CONCLUSION Isolated optic nerve relapse of leukemic infiltration is of paramount importance to early diagnosis, as vision can be saved if treatment is initiated promptly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish P Nagpal
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Retina Foundation, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hosoya KI, Tachikawa M. The Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4711-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Hosoya KI, Tomi M, Tachikawa M. Strategies for therapy of retinal diseases using systemic drug delivery: relevance of transporters at the blood-retinal barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1571-87. [PMID: 22035231 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.628983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an increasing need for managing rapidly progressing retinal diseases because of the potential loss of vision. Although systemic drug administration is one possible route for treating retinal diseases, retinal transfer of therapeutic drugs from the circulating blood is strictly regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). AREAS COVERED This review discusses the constraints and challenges of drug delivery to the retina. In addition, this article discusses the properties of drugs and the conditions of the BRB that affect drug permeability. The reader will gain insights into the strategies for developing therapeutic drugs that are able to cross the BRB for treating retinal diseases. Further, the reader will gain insights into the role of BRB physiology including barrier functions, and the effect of influx and efflux transporters on retinal drug delivery. EXPERT OPINION When designing and selecting optimal drug candidates, it's important to consider the fact that they should be recognized by influx transporters and that efflux transporters at the BRB should be avoided. Although lipophilic cationic drugs are known to be transported to the brain across the blood-brain barrier, verapamil transport to the retina is substantially higher than to the brain. Therefore, lipophilic cationic drugs do have a great ability to increase influx transport across the BRB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Hosoya
- University of Toyama, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama 930 0194, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shildkrot Y, Onciu M, Hoehn ME, Wilson MW. Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia relapse in the iris. J AAPOS 2010; 14:453-4. [PMID: 20863726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia is a rare condition with no previously reported intraocular involvement. We present clinical, radiologic, and cytologic findings of leukemic intraocular relapse in a 23-month-old girl, with lineage switch presenting as conjunctivitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A diagnostic approach using fine needle aspiration is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Shildkrot
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Ophthalmology, The Hamilton Eye Institute, Memphis, Tennessee 38613, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tomi M, Hosoya KI. The role of blood–ocular barrier transporters in retinal drug disposition: an overview. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1111-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.486401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
19
|
Isolated right anterior chamber relapse in a patient of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with facial nerve palsy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009; 31:990. [PMID: 19935096 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181bd4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Puvanachandra N, Goddard K, Lyons CJ. Dramatic visual recovery after prompt radiotherapy and chemotherapy for leukaemic infiltration of the optic nerve in a child. Eye (Lond) 2009; 24:927-8. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
21
|
Petersen WC, Schlis KD, Braverman RS, Carlson I, Liang X, Wang M. Pseudohypopyon: Extramedullary relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia with poor prognosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52:885-7. [PMID: 19090546 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An 11-month-old female presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of fever, increasing fussiness, emesis, and decreased urine output. She was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia. Systemic chemotherapy with intensified intrathecal cytarabine was started, and the patient achieved a clinical remission after the first course of induction. Towards the end of her second course of induction she developed pseudohypopyon in each eye on consecutive days, heralding a central nervous system relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Inner blood-retinal barrier transporters: role of retinal drug delivery. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2055-65. [PMID: 19568694 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The inner blood-retinal barrier (inner BRB) forms complex tight junctions of retinal capillary endothelial cells to prevent the free diffusion of substances between the circulating blood and the neural retina. Thus, understanding of the inner BRB transport mechanisms could provide a basis for the development of strategies for drug delivery to the retina. Recent progress in inner BRB research has revealed that retinal endothelial cells express a variety of unique transporters which play a role in the influx transport of essential molecules and the efflux transport of xenobiotics. In this review we focus on the transport mechanism at the inner BRB in relation to its importance in influencing the inner BRB permeability of drugs.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hosoya KI, Makihara A, Tsujikawa Y, Yoneyama D, Mori S, Terasaki T, Akanuma SI, Tomi M, Tachikawa M. Roles of inner blood-retinal barrier organic anion transporter 3 in the vitreous/retina-to-blood efflux transport of p-aminohippuric acid, benzylpenicillin, and 6-mercaptopurine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 329:87-93. [PMID: 19116370 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.146381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize rat organic anion transporter (Oat) 3 (Oat3, Slc22a8) in the efflux transport at the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that rat (r) Oat3 mRNA is expressed in retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs), but not rOat1 and rOat2 mRNA. The expression of Oat3 in the retina and human cultured retinal endothelial cells was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining in RVECs showed that rOat3 is colocalized with glucose transporter 1, but not P-glycoprotein, suggesting that rOat3 is possibly located at the abluminal membrane of the RVEC. The contribution of rOat3 to the efflux of [(3)H]p-aminohippuric acid ([(3)H]PAH), [(3)H]benzylpenicillin ([(3)H]PCG), and [(14)C]6-mercaptopurine ([(14)C]6-MP), substrates of rOat3, from the vitreous humor/retina to the circulating blood across the inner BRB was evaluated using the microdialysis method. [(3)H]PAH, [(3)H]PCG, [(14)C]6-MP, and [(14)C] or [(3)H]d-mannitol, a bulk flow marker, were biexponentially eliminated from the vitreous humor after vitreous bolus injection. The elimination rate constant of [(3)H]PAH, [(3)H]PCG, and [(14)C]6-MP during the terminal phase was approximately 2-fold greater than that of d-mannitol. This efflux transport was reduced in the retinal presence of probenecid, PAH, and PCG, whereas it was not inhibited by digoxin. In conclusion, rOat3 is expressed at the inner BRB and involved in the vitreous humor/retina-to-blood transport of PAH, PCG, and 6-MP. This transport system is one mechanism to limit the retinal distribution of PAH, PCG, and 6-MP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Naithani R, Agrawal N, Mahapatra M, Kumar R, Choudhary VP, Singh R, Sharma DN. Isolated anterior chamber relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2006; 85:889-91. [PMID: 16838162 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-006-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Cardone S, Yen MT, Chévez-Barrios P, Foroozan R, Yen KG. Recurrent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting in the Lacrimal Gland. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 22:56-7. [PMID: 16418669 DOI: 10.1097/01.iop.0000192644.97365.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 14-year-old girl with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with periorbital swelling of the right eyelid associated with enlargement of the lacrimal gland and cervical lymphadenopathy. Radiographic imaging showed diffuse enlargement and enhancement of the right lacrimal gland. The patient underwent an incisional biopsy of the lacrimal gland that showed atypical lymphocytes consistent with recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The lacrimal gland is a rare extramedullary site for recurrence of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cardone
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|