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Thejashwini SI, Pai BS. Synchronous carcinoma and sarcoma in a burn scar: a treatment conundrum. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e257102. [PMID: 38565229 PMCID: PMC10989114 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Marjolijn's ulcer is a malignant ulcer in a burn scar. Types of malignancy are squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Soft tissue sarcoma case reports indicate only one type of cancer. We present a patient in her 60s with a 10-year-old burn scar developing a biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma on the lateral aspect of the left thigh with metastatic superficial inguinal node. A wide excision and grafting of ulcer with ilioinguinal dissection done on left side. On the 12th postoperative day 2, subcutaneous swellings adjacent to the grafted area developed, on biopsy revealed to be pleomorphic sarcoma. PET CT scan revealed tumour deposits in the muscles of the left lower limb, liver and lung. There are no case reports of synchronous carcinoma and sarcoma in a burn scar. The case is reported for its rarity and the decision-making dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Srinivas Pai
- Department of Surgery, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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2
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Gupta DK, Suryavanshi P, Singh GN, Kumar V, Pawar SS, Jain V. Impact of Primary Tumor Variables on Predicting Nodal Metastasis in Lower Extremity Marjolin's Ulcer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43673. [PMID: 37724227 PMCID: PMC10505257 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marjolin's ulcer or scar carcinoma is a rare disease arising from the conversion of chronic scar into malignancy. Studies show Marjolin's ulcer squamous cell carcinoma has more chances of lymph nodal metastasis and is more aggressive with a worse survival rate. To date, no established guidelines exist for managing regional lymph nodes in cases of Marjolin's ulcer with clinically N0 nodes. Observation vs elective node dissection remains an option. In developing countries, long-term follow-up is not consistently leading to the risk of patients being kept on observation for regional nodes; presenting late with inoperable regional nodes is possible. This study aims to identify clinicopathological factors of lower extremity Marjolin's ulcer, which are associated with a high risk of inguinal lymph node metastasis. Identifying such risk factors may help provide a rationale for performing elective nodal dissection instead of observation in high-risk cases. Material and methods All clinically N0 lower extremity Marjolin's ulcer cases, more than 3 cm in size, treated at King George's Medical University, India, during the last five years, have been included in this study. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from institutional records. Various clinical and pathological factors were studied and correlated with lymph node positivity, and the strength of the correlation was tested using statistical methods. Factors correlated strongly with inguinal lymph node positivity were identified as high-risk factors. Results A total of 66 patients with lower extremity Marjolin's ulcer had no preoperative pathologically confirmed inguinal lymph nodes documented by ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology. All patients underwent surgery for primary, followed by elective, inguinal lymph nodal dissection. The majority were males (n=51/66; 71%), and the most common age group was 30-50 years (n=40/66; 60%). The leg was the most common site (n=31/66; 47%). The least common site was below the ankle (n=14/66; 22%). Maximum dimension ranged from 3 cm to >15 cm, with the majority between 6 and 10 cm (n=40/66; 56%). Extension beyond the scar site was present in 24% (n=15/66) of patients. Most of the lesions in this study were well differentiated, 85% (n=56/66), and moderately differentiated, 15% (n=10/66), and none of the lesions was poorly differentiated. Perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, tumor necrosis, and extension below subcutaneous tissue were present in 82%, 14%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Of 66 patients, 21.2% (n=14/66) had pathological nodal disease after elective nodal dissection. Perineural invasion (p<0.0001), depth of lesion (p<0.0001), and tumor necrosis (p=0.0002) had a statistically significant correlation with node metastasis. On ROC curve analysis, 7.5 cm was the cut-off size, above which chances of nodal metastasis increased significantly. Conclusions Marjolin's ulcer patients with no preoperative positive nodes may be segregated into high-risk and low-risk groups as per their risk of harboring cancer cells in regional lymph nodes. Those having one or more of the following risk factors should be classified as high risk: dimension more than 7.5 cm, presence of perineural invasion, tumor necrosis, and deep tumors extending below subcutaneous tissue. We recommend that such patients undergo prophylactic regional lymph node dissection instead of observation during primary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Gupta
- General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | | | | | - Vijay Kumar
- Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Shashi S Pawar
- Surgical Oncology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Vinod Jain
- General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Abstract
Thermal injuries are one of the most common injuries in both civilian and combat scenarios. The importance of clinical determination of burn and frostbite injuries and treatment involves understanding the pathophysiology and mechanisms of these injuries while continually reviewing literature and studying new treatment modalities. This present review examines the (1) epidemiology, (2) etiology, (3) pathophysiology and classification, and (4) treatment of thermal injuries occurring to the foot. In addition to the paucity of new literature and studies on thermal injury, this is the first review, to the best of our knowledge, to examine the management of thermal injuries occurring to the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Tarazi
- Donald and Barbara Zucker, School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra boulevard, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health-Huntington Hospital, 270 Park Avenue, Huntington, NY 11743, USA.
| | - Adam D Bitterman
- Donald and Barbara Zucker, School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra boulevard, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health-Huntington Hospital, 270 Park Avenue, Huntington, NY 11743, USA
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4
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Horue M, Silva JM, Berti IR, Brandão LR, Barud HDS, Castro GR. Bacterial Cellulose-Based Materials as Dressings for Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020424. [PMID: 36839745 PMCID: PMC9963514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by several microorganisms as extracellular structures and can be modified by various physicochemical and biological strategies to produce different cellulosic formats. The main advantages of BC for biomedical applications can be summarized thus: easy moldability, purification, and scalability; high biocompatibility; and straightforward tailoring. The presence of a high amount of free hydroxyl residues, linked with water and nanoporous morphology, makes BC polymer an ideal candidate for wound healing. In this frame, acute and chronic wounds, associated with prevalent pathologies, were addressed to find adequate therapeutic strategies. Hence, the main characteristics of different BC structures-such as membranes and films, fibrous and spheroidal, nanocrystals and nanofibers, and different BC blends, as well as recent advances in BC composites with alginate, collagen, chitosan, silk sericin, and some miscellaneous blends-are reported in detail. Moreover, the development of novel antimicrobial BC and drug delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Horue
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Jhonatan Miguel Silva
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory—BioPolMat, University of Araraquara—UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Larissa Reis Brandão
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory—BioPolMat, University of Araraquara—UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory—BioPolMat, University of Araraquara—UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.d.S.B.); (G.R.C.)
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, Rosario S2000, Argentina
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.d.S.B.); (G.R.C.)
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5
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Rodriguez CE, Cardona DF, Rodriguez TW, Garcia S, Willmer WF. Marjolin's Ulcer After Saphenectomy: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e30912. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Torresetti M, Peltristo B, Taddei FMJ, Scalise A, Di Benedetto G. Heel reconstruction for a Marjolin’s ulcer in a patient with multiple limb amputations: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac400. [PMID: 36092779 PMCID: PMC9452685 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coverage of the heel defects usually represents a challenge for the proper reconstructive requirements of the weight-bearing area of the foot. The presence of multiple limb amputation may represent a further concern for conventional free flap donor sites and the patient’s functional limitation, thus making reconstruction even more challenging. Amputee patients may be subjected to a higher risk of foot ulcerations and choosing the more appropriate reconstructive option in such patients is crucial. Here we describe the application of the medial plantar flap as a first-line option in a 66-year-old amputee patient with a squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic ulceration on the left heel, that was successfully treated with limited functional limitations and excellent anatomical contour of the foot. Despite its use has been widely described for heel reconstruction, we believe that medial plantar flap would deserve greater relevance in the reconstructive scenario in such challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Torresetti
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School , Ancona , Italy
| | - Benedetta Peltristo
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School , Ancona , Italy
| | - Francesco Mauro Junior Taddei
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School , Ancona , Italy
| | - Alessandro Scalise
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School , Ancona , Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Benedetto
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School , Ancona , Italy
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Krishnapura SG, Holliday D, Rohde SL. Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx Arising within Cleft Palate Surgical Scar. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022:1455613221101086. [PMID: 35522272 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Holliday
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah L Rohde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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Lambert WC, Sy CB, Madari AP, Schwartz RA. Perineal cutaneous basal cell carcinomas in patients with familial seronegative celiac disease: Report of three cases. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:588-589. [PMID: 34726269 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising in the perineum is unclear. We report BCC arising in the perineum of three longstanding untreated celiac disease (CD) patients. CD is an autoimmune enteropathy due to hypersensitivity to consumed gluten. Patients can present with gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea and weight loss, as well as fatigue, iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, depression, and unexplained hypocalcemia. As a result, CD often goes undiagnosed for many years before a diagnosis is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lambert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - C B Sy
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - A P Madari
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - R A Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Mousa AK, Elshenawy AA, Maklad SM, Bebars SMM, Burezq HA, Sayed SE. Post-burn scar malignancy: 5-year management review and experience. Int Wound J 2021; 19:895-909. [PMID: 34535972 PMCID: PMC9013596 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study spotlights a severe uncommon post‐burn complication, Marjolin's ulcer, in upper Egypt plastic and wound care centres. This problem is mainly related to inadequate medical care and awareness. No community or race is immune. The underlying malignant transformation mechanism remains unclear. The study aims, according to our experience, to review the prognostic factors through the management protocol of Marjolin's ulcers. This prospective study was conducted in the Aswan University Plastic & Burn surgery department in South Egypt between 2013 and 2020 and investigated 226 patients with chronic post‐burn ulceration. Nineteen cases were proved to have Marjolin's ulcer, and the other cases that had been excluded from being malignant went for reconstruction with split‐thickness skin graft with/without flap after adequate ulcer debridement. The surgical, oncologic, radiologic indications, and prognostic factors were reviewed according to our management outcome—the assessment with follow‐up period extended over 5 years. Histopathology of ulcers ranged among mild, moderate, and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. One scalp ulcer case showed basosquamous pathology. Most cases presented at age above 50, but no age was immune. The mean latent period was 29 years on average. The lesions' sites varied in their anatomic location where they involved the upper extremity, the scalp, and the lower extremity that had a predilection. Although surgical excision is the primary management line for tumour ablation, other factors may change the management course. During the follow‐up period, neoplasm recurrence in the form of lymph node enlargement and/or locoregional metastasis was detected in eight cases. Within 1 year after the intervention, six recurrent cases died, and two were saved. In addition to the case study, this paper reviewed the literature and provided our team a good experience in light of the NCCN protocol for non‐melanotic cutaneous carcinoma, although we suffered limited medical resources. It is concluded that early accurate diagnosis, low‐grade malignancy, and well‐planned individualised surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy were the best prognostic factors. The close follow‐up for an early sign of disease recurrence is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Mousa
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery - Medical School of Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Salah M Maklad
- Radiology Department, Medical School of Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M M Bebars
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical School of Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Burezq
- Consultant Plastic & Reconstruction - Ibn Sina Hospitals - AlBabtain Center for Burn & Plastic Surgery, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sherif E Sayed
- Surgical Oncology, Medical School of Bany-Swif University, Bany-Swif, Egypt
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10
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Conlon C, Pupa L, Reece EM, Chu CK, Yu JZ, Vorstenbosch J, Winocour S. When Benign Becomes Cancer: Malignant Degeneration of Chronic Inflammation. Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35:159-163. [PMID: 34526863 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, long implicated in the genesis of malignancy, is now understood to underlie an estimated 25% of all cancers. The most pertinent malignancies, to the plastic surgeon, associated with the degeneration of chronic inflammation include Marjolin's ulcer, breast implant-associated large cell lymphoma, radiation-induced sarcoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. The cellular and genetic damage incurred by a prolonged inflammatory reaction is controlled by an increasingly understood cytokinetic system. Advances in understanding the chronic inflammatory cascade have yielded new therapeutics and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Conlon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren Pupa
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward M Reece
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrie K Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessie Z Yu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sebastian Winocour
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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11
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Kanth AM, Heiman AJ, Nair L, Giammarino A, Carpenter C, Ricci JA, Patel A. Current Trends in Management of Marjolin's Ulcer: A Systematic Review. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:144-151. [PMID: 32805009 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a rare, aggressive entity with frequent delay in diagnosis for a variety of regions. Although well described and classically taught in medical school, aspects of its treatment remain ill-defined and controversial. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines to identify studies discussing patients who underwent surgical treatment of MU. A total of 31 papers, reporting on 1016 patients, were included. Burns were the most common etiology of malignant degeneration (68%), followed by trauma. The lower extremity was most affected (51%) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) was found in 94% of cases, with the majority being well differentiated. Basal cell carcinoma and melenoma composed a minority of cases. Melanoma occurred more frequently in previously skin grafted wounds and had a higher rate of metastases than SCC. Most patients did not have associated regional or distant metastases present at diagnosis. Wide local excision (71%) was performed in most cases, unless amputation was indicated for severe disease or bone involvement. Lymphadenectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were variably reported, with conflicting evidence on the efficacy. Lymphadenectomy was most commonly indicated for known lymph node involvement. In cases of metastatic disease chemotherapy and radiation were used in conjunction with surgical treatment. Despite numerous articles on this topic, controversy remains in the management of MU. Early diagnosis of suspicious chronic wounds and prompt surgical intervention remains imperative to its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph A Ricci
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Ashit Patel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Albany Medical Center
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12
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Kassir H, Moussa MK, El Hajj F, Kheireddine W, Boushnak MO. Marjolin's ulcer of the forearm from 30-year-neglection of external fixator. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 80:105613. [PMID: 33592413 PMCID: PMC7893446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Marjolin’s ulcers are a rare form of malignancy that present at regions exposed to chronic inflammation. They are classically encountered in lower extremities more commonly than in the upper extremities. This disease should be suspected in every case of chronic ulcer, where histological studies of the lesion must be conducted. Treatment options vary according to local and regional factors. Early recognition and control of the disease allow for better control and relapse.
Background Marjolin’s ulcers are a rare form of malignancy that present at regions exposed to chronic infection. They present with a clinical triad of nodularity, induration, and ulceration greater than 3 months. Case report We present herein, an extremely rare case of Marjolin’s ulcer of the forearm, secondary to osteomyelitis, resulting from a 30-year neglection of external fixator used to treat a war injury of the forearm. Discussion Marjolin’s ulcers are classically encountered in lower extremities at sites of burns, trauma or complicated wounds. In the upper extremity however, they are seldom mentioned in literature. The presence of risk factors raise the suspicion of the disease. Conclusion Marjolin’s ulcer is rare sequelae of chronic wound infection. Patients often present after a latency period with exacerbated pain, discharge, and exophytic mass. This disease should be suspected in every case of chronic ulcer, where histological studies of the lesion must be conducted to exclude or confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Kassir
- Departement of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint George Hadath Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohamad K Moussa
- Orthopedic Surgery, Lebanese University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Firass El Hajj
- Departement of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint George Hadath Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Walid Kheireddine
- Departement of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint George Hadath Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammad O Boushnak
- Orthopedic Surgery, Lebanese University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon.
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13
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Kasai T, Isayama T, Sekido M. Squamous cell carcinoma arising from an ischial pressure ulcer initially suspected to be necrotizing soft tissue infection: A case report. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:621-625. [PMID: 33461827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers are the most common complications in bedridden patients or those with spinal cord injuries. Marjolin's ulcer refers to a malignant transformation arising from burn scars or chronic nonhealing wounds-such as pressure ulcers-over many years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the major histopathologic type of Marjolin's ulcer, and the gold standard for diagnosis is tissue biopsy. Medical professionals may have difficulty distinguishing pressure ulcers from Marjolin's ulcer, especially when the latter presents with invasive infections. Thus, malignant transformations arising from pressure ulcers are frequently overlooked. Herein, we describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from pressure ulcers on the left ischium, which was initially identified as a necrotizing soft tissue infection. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old paraplegic patient presented with stage 3 left ischial pressure ulcer, which involves full-thickness skin loss and extends into deep subcutaneous tissue, and arrived at our hospital with suspected sepsis. Upon physical examination, the patient presented with fever and shivering. Initial examination and imaging findings revealed the presence of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Three weeks later, rapid increase in granulation in the deep part of the ulcer was observed. Samples from multiples ulcer sites were collected for tissue biopsy. Finally, histological examination revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received radiation therapy and chemotherapy and died 11 months after the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Malignant transformations arising from pressure ulcers may closely resemble pressure ulcer infections. In these cases, tissue biopsies should be performed during primary care for the infection to exclude malignant transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kasai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, 311-3193, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Isayama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, 311-3193, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sekido
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan
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14
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Sharma S, Das N, Gupta V, Bera S, Bisht N. Lower Extremity Marjolin's Ulcer Reconstruction With Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap: A Case Series of 11 Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e11392. [PMID: 33312791 PMCID: PMC7725200 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marjolin’s ulcer (MU) of lower extremities usually presents with scar contracture and functional disability. They often follow an aggressive course and poor outcome, and require early radical removal. Split-thickness skin grafts, local flaps, or amputation are commonly practiced surgical options for MU. Though free flaps are gaining popularity for various oncoplastic reconstruction, they are not frequently used for MU. A free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap may have a beneficial role as it provides simultaneous coverage for a large defect after radical tumor and scar excision. Methods Between January 2015 and December 2018, 11 patients with lower limb MU reconstructed with free ALT flap were reviewed retrospectively for the surgical procedure, recurrences, and functional outcomes. Results Mean dimensions of the defect and flaps were 8 cm × 6 cm and 18.91 cm × 11 cm, respectively, and total flap coverage was obtained in nine cases. Marginal flap loss was noted in one and residual contracture in two cases. Functional improvement of the limb was achieved in all cases. Recurrence or disease-related mortality was not seen in any patient after a mean follow-up of 35.82 months. Conclusions Free ALT flap reconstruction of MU of extremity facilitates most radical tumor and scar-contracture removal and thus reduces the chances of re-ulceration. It facilitates local radiotherapy protocol with the provision of immediate durable coverage. Thus, it has a beneficial role other than a secondary reconstructive procedure. Moreover, an added benefit may be obtained with a “flow-through’ flap” to avoid amputation and improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Sharma
- Surgery, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, IND
| | - Nikhil Das
- Surgery, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Sudipta Bera
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Navneeta Bisht
- Anaesthesiology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, IND
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15
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Burusapat C, Wanichjaroen N, Wongprakob N, Satayasoontorn K. Characteristics of Marjolin's Ulcers in 21st Century: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Review, and Surgical Guideline Recommendation. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:152-166. [PMID: 33128365 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcer is rare and aggressive malignancy. The objective was to conduct a review of Marjolin's ulcer cases to gain a better understanding and its management. A retrospective study of patients with Marjolin's ulcers at our hospital between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. For the systematic review, the electronic database of the National Library of Medicine was searched and articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included. A total of 14 patients were included in the retrospective study. Twelve patients were male. The mean age was 59.71 years. The latency period was 27.78 years. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma, and 71.43% had developed on the lower extremities. Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas occurred in 38.46% of the cases Rates of lymphovascular and perineural invasion were 30.77 and 23.08%, respectively. Results from the literature search yielded 80 case reports (91 cases) and 42 retrospective reviews (1216 cases). Most cases were male and the most common location was lower extremities. The latency period for the acute and chronic periods was 2.75 months and 20.75 years, respectively. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (92.27% in the retrospective reviews) and 59.98% of the cases exhibited well-differentiation. Rates of regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases were 10.20 and 12.09%, respectively. Marjolin's ulcer in 21st century is not so rare. The most common is well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Early flap surgery or skin grafts for chronic ulcers or burn scars are recommended to reduce risk. Guideline for surgical management is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairat Burusapat
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutthapong Wanichjaroen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttadon Wongprakob
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kantang Satayasoontorn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Marjolin Ulcer: An Observational Epidemiological Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in India. Ann Plast Surg 2020; 83:518-522. [PMID: 31567416 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marjolin ulcer is a rare skin malignancy. Marjolin ulcer arises in zones of long-standing scars, inflammation, or chronic wounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was conducted to assess the demographic profile and identify the predictors of recurrence in 55 patients with Marjolin ulcer admitted over 10 years. Patients underwent either wide local excision with 2-cm peripheral margin or amputation if clinically indicated due to joint involvement. Lymph nodes were dissected if found positive. Patients received adjuvant radiotherapy if tumor clearance was less than 4 mm or the draining lymph nodes were positive. RESULTS Of the total 55 cases (mean age, 48.75 years; range, 24-74 years), 34 were men and 21 were women (male/female, 1.6:1). The most common cause of injury was flame burn (n = 32, 58%) followed by trauma (n = 10, 18%). The lower limb was frequently affected (n = 38, 69.1%). Twenty-six patients with resection margins less than 4 mm had received adjuvant radiotherapy. Among the 55 patients, 6 (11%) had undergone lymph node dissection. Local recurrence was noted within 18 months in 9 (16.35%) patients, of which 5 patients had a tumor-free margin of less than 4 mm. We found 2 predictors for local recurrence. First, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.04) and, second, patients with lymph node involvement (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Marjolin ulcer is a high-risk skin tumor. Patients with positive lymph node or with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma have high chances of recurrence. Frequent and intense follow-up is required for at least 2 years.
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Allepot K, Curings P, Viard R, Vincent PL, Voulliaume D. [Diagnostic pitfall: Early arising, multiple and recurrent Marjolin's ulcer. About 8 patients (16 tumors) and literature review]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2020; 66:151-158. [PMID: 32665065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a large entity representing skin cancers resulting from the transformation of chronic wounds of a heterogeneous nature. Burn scars are the most at risk of degeneration, in particular because there are the sites of important skin tension. Atypical forms are not uncommon. The objective of this study is to present these exceptions which are underestimated. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with UM in our centre between January 2011 and February 2019 have been included permitting to report the initial pathology, the location, the latency time, the histology and the management carried out. RESULTS Eight patients were treated in our center for MU, they developed 16 skin cancers. Fourteen were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The shortest latency period was 2 months. The youngest patient was 22 years old when she was diagnosed with MU. Three patients had at least 2 synchronous SCC. One patient had a recurrence after a split-thickness skin grafting on artificial dermis and 2 patients had second locations. CONCLUSION Atypic forms are not rare. MU is commonly recurrent, multiple, early arising and may appear in young people. The treatment of chronic wounds cannot be dissociated from the treatment of contractures, otherwise the wound will inevitably reappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allepot
- Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France.
| | - P Curings
- Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France
| | - R Viard
- Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France
| | - P-L Vincent
- Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France
| | - D Voulliaume
- Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France
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Chen B, Yue X, Zha W, Xu M, Gao Q, Wang F, Wang J, Wu J. Analysis of Factors Affecting Chronic Ulcers of Scalp Transforming Into Marjolin's Ulcer: A Single Center Experience. J Burn Care Res 2020; 41:1279-1289. [PMID: 32514559 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a rare malignant lesion, which is characterized by primary, chronic wound initially and formation of cancer after a certain incubation period eventually. Though few reports or a small case series about MU on the scalp have been published, special risk factors are still unknown about the formation of malignancy on the scalp with chronic ulcer. The aim of the article is to explore the risk factors. Seventy-four patients with the chronic ulcer were included in the study. In between, the chronic ulcer transformed into the MU on the scalp (tumor group) in 42 cases, while the chronic ulcer did not transform into the MU on the scalp (tumor-free group) in 32 cases as controlled group. We made a comparative study between the above two groups so as to find which risk factors were critical for cancer development. In tumor group, lymph node dissection was implemented if the lymph node metastasis was found. Artificial dura was used in eight cases when the dura was removed. Seven cases died. Two patients are currently undergoing follow-up. Other cases were without tumor detection from 1 to 7 years. When the comparative study between the above two groups, there is statistical significance about the influential factor: scar adherence to the skull (F = 5.602 P = .018). Scar adherence to the skull may be the most critical risk factor for cancer development for the scalp with chronic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Chen
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yue
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zha
- Neurosurgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghuo Xu
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanwen Gao
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Dhoti is traditional Indian dresses worn by males in the Indian subcontinent to cover the lower parts of the body. The term Dhoti cancer was first used by Khanolkar and Suryabhai in 1945. It is a type of waistline SCC reported in Indian males wearing dhoti. Only a handful of cases are reported in English literature. This case is remarkable due to its rare site of presentation, simultaneous presence of carcinoma and suspicious acanthosis on both side of waist in the same patient. Any hypo pigmented patch and acanthosis on the waist area in a dhoti clad man should be viewed with suspicion and continuous surveillance is needed thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Midya
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepti Sukheeja
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jagdeep Rao
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Prakash
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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20
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An Unusual Case of Pinna Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising Shortly after Resection of Atypical Fibroxanthoma. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018; 2018:6092169. [PMID: 29610695 PMCID: PMC5828143 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report a unique case of pinna squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising shortly after resection of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) at the same site. Case report An 81-year-old gentleman presented with a nodular right pinna lesion. This was excised, and histology confirmed AFX. Ten weeks later, an ulcerative lesion appeared at the resection site. This was confirmed to be SCC. Comparative analysis revealed no morphological resemblance between the initial AFX and new SCC lesion, and there was no evidence of initial misdiagnosis. Conclusion SCC is the most common cancer involving the pinna. Whilst prolonged sun exposure is an important risk factor for SCC, chronic inflammation and wounds are other potential sources. We postulate whether SCC could have arisen from the previous scar tissue in a manner similar to Marjolin's ulcer. This would be a highly unusual finding in the pinna and to our knowledge unprecedented in the English literature.
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21
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Saltvig I, Matzen SH. Marjolin's ulcer in a 20 years old split thickness skin graft on the knee-A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 42:102-103. [PMID: 29241101 PMCID: PMC5730427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marjolin’s Ulcer is a rare cutaneous neoplasm. The condition should be suspected in a non- healing lesion in scar tissue. Diagnosis is based on a combination of pathology and anamnesis. Treatment varies from surgery to radiation -and chemotherapy. Prognosis is dictated by size, lymph node status and metastasis at the time of diagnosis.
Objective Marjolin’s Ulcer (MU) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm arising in cikatrical tissue. Due to its typical clinical presentation as a non-healing lesion in scar tissue, the diagnosis can be delayed and even overlooked. Methods and results We present the case of an elderly woman who developed an ulcerated, exophytic lesion in a split thickness skin graft (STSG) on the lateral aspect of the left knee. Histology showed a radically excised highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with keratine pearls and a component of basocellular carcinoma (BCC). The histological picture combined with the location and long time interval since the primary surgery made the diagnosis of MU highly likely. Discussion Considering the risk of metastasis and mortality it is important to recognize the diagnosis and initiate adequate treatment. Conclusion The diagnosis of MU is clinical and confirmed by pathology. The typical long delay from the primary lesion to the malignant transformation might occlude the diagnosis. As such, a thorough anamnesis is essential in a non- healing ulcerated lesion in a cikatrical area to adequately diagnose and treat the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iselin Saltvig
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Steen H Matzen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Patel K, Hori S, Roberts J, Sengutpa A. Need for early imaging in symptomatic suprapubic catheter tracts: Rare case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of tract origin without bladder involvement. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415814565203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krashna Patel
- Department of Urology, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Department of Urology, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
- Department of Uro-oncology, University of Cambridge, MRC Research Centre, UK
| | - Jason Roberts
- Department of Urology, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Anup Sengutpa
- Department of Urology, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
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23
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Abstract
In 1828, Jean Nicholas Marjolin, a French surgeon, first described the findings of a neoplastic development arising from a burn scar, now more commonly referred to as a Marjolin's ulcer. A Marjolin's ulcer describes malignant degeneration in any chronic wound. The majority of cases arises in burn scars and are often latent for decades. Marjolin ulcers have been widely identified in post-war time injuries. These ulcers may arise in almost any anatomical location. We report a case of an 82-year-old male that presented with a painful fluctuating mass on the right arm localized to the site of an old grenade blast injury he sustained many years earlier. While the presentation of these cases may be variable, the significance of proper management of the wounds is essential to optimal patient outcomes. An aggressive course and poor prognosis is associated with Marjolin's ulcers that degenerate into squamous cell carcinoma. Early detection and aggressive treatment/management with wide local excision and prompt coverage yield the best results when treating patients with Marjolin's ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Wozniak
- Department of General Surgery, Sinai Hospital, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Stephanie Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, Sinai Hospital, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Kamran Khan
- Department of General Surgery, Sinai Hospital, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - JoAnn Coleman
- Department of General Surgery, Sinai Hospital, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
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Zhu J, Shi C, Jing Z, Liu Y. Nodular melanoma in trophic ulceration of a leprosy patient: a case study. J Wound Care 2016; 25:250-3. [PMID: 27169340 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.5.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-healing chronic trophic ulceration is very common in leprosy patients. Marjolin's ulcer consists of the malignant transformation of a chronic ulcerative lesion. Nodular melanoma developing from Marjolin's ulcer, caused by a trophic ulceration of a leprosy patient, is very rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Due to the disguised presentation of these malignancies within trophic ulceration lesions in leprosy, neoplastic transformation is frequently overlooked, leading to misdiagnosed and delayed treatment. This paper reports a case of an 83-year-old man with lepromatous leprosy and chronic ulceration on the foot for 22 years. Over a period of 2 months, the ulcer enlarged, turned black, and became more painful. The patient underwent regional excision and immunotherapy after the diagnosis of malignant nodular melanoma. After 9 months follow-up, no metastasis was found. DECLARATION OF INTEREST There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, 1278 Bao De Road, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - C Shi
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, 1278 Bao De Road, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jing
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, 1278 Bao De Road, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, 1278 Bao De Road, Shanghai 200443, People's Republic of China
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25
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Akhtar MA, Saxena DK, Chikhlikar AA, Bangde AP, Rangwala M. Dhoti cancer: a waistline skin cancer with review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:281. [PMID: 26391587 PMCID: PMC4578415 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers account for less than 1 % of all malignancies in India. Squamous cell carcinomas occurring over the waistline due to tying of cotton cloth called dhoti in males and sarees in females are predominantly seen in traditional Indian population. On wearing of these clothes for years, there is a constant irritation which produces depigmentation, glazing of the skin, acanthosis, scar formation, and later on malignant transformation. Presenting a case of a 65-year-old male with 7 × 5 cm ulceroproliferative growth over the right waistline with a history of prolonged use of dhoti. Wide local excision of the growth with 2-cm margin and primary closure of wound by mobilizing the skin was carried out. Histopathology showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient is clinically disease free after postoperative follow-up of 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza A Akhtar
- Department of Surgery, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Digdoh hills, Hingna Road, Nagpur, 440019, India.
| | - Divish K Saxena
- Department of Surgery, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Digdoh hills, Hingna Road, Nagpur, 440019, India.
| | - Akanksha A Chikhlikar
- Department of Surgery, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Digdoh hills, Hingna Road, Nagpur, 440019, India.
| | - Akshay P Bangde
- Department of Surgery, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Digdoh hills, Hingna Road, Nagpur, 440019, India.
| | - Murtuza Rangwala
- Department of Surgery, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Digdoh hills, Hingna Road, Nagpur, 440019, India.
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26
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Das KK, Chakaraborty A, Rahman A, Khandkar S. Incidences of malignancy in chronic burn scar ulcers: Experience from Bangladesh. Burns 2015; 41:1315-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Altunay I, Çerman AA, Sakiz D, Ates B. Marjolin's Ulcer Presenting with In-Transit Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:442-5. [PMID: 26273163 PMCID: PMC4530157 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.4.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcer is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy common in previously traumatized or chronically inflamed skin. It has high regional metastasis and fatality rates. Our patient presented with subcutaneous nodules and ulcerations on the right limb. He had a history of osteomyelitis of the fifth toe. Histopathological examination of the nodule and ulceration demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma. The nodules and ulcerations were in-transit metastases of Marjolin's ulcer. Here, we present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising at a site of a chronic osteomyelitis with resultant in-transit metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Altunay
- Department of Dermatology, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Aksu Çerman
- Department of Dermatology, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damlanur Sakiz
- Department of Pathology, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Ates
- Department of Dermatology, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Iqbal FM, Sinha Y, Jaffe W. Marjolin's ulcer: a rare entity with a call for early diagnosis. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-208176. [PMID: 26177995 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is an umbrella term covering squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma that develop in chronic wounds, sinuses or scars. Cutaneous (non-MU) SCC is related to excessive sun-exposure, with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II being more susceptible. Radiation, genetic disorders (eg, Xeroderma pigmentosum) and immunosuppression, are other important risk factors often involved in the development of cutaneous malignancies and may also be involved in the development of MU. MU, first described by Jean-Nicholas Marjolin in 1828, is more aggressive than non-MU SCC, with a higher potential for early metastasis. A high index of suspicion and early histological diagnosis in chronic wounds and unstable scars with recent changes in characteristics offer the best prognosis with treatment. We present a case alongside a literature review contrasting the characteristics of MU and non-MU SCC, and suggest a management plan for early MU identification and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wayne Jaffe
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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29
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Misa R, Zoran M, Ivan S, Mirjana R. Advanced Marjolin ulcer of the scalp with skull. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:329-30. [PMID: 25569405 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Radisavljevic Misa
- Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Center of Niš University of Niš Serbia General Hospital "Sava Surgery" Niš, Serbia Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Center of Niš University of Niš Niš, Serbia Department for Gastroentorlogy and Hepatology Clinical Center of Niš University of Niš Niš, Serbia
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30
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Abstract
Skin cancers are rather uncommon malignancies comprising less than 1% of all the cancers in India. Saree cancer is a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Saree and dhoti are traditional male and female costumes respectively, which is unique to the Indian subcontinent. Constant wear of this clothing tightly around the waist results in changes in pigmentation and scaling of the skin, acanthosis, scar and ulceration and subsequent, gradual malignant changes. The process of repeated trauma over a long time and consequent interference with the healing process may rationalise the reason for malignant transformation. Few papers have been published on saree cancer, in main stream medical journals. We are presenting a rare case of saree cancer in a 68-year-old woman, with two distant bilateral ulceroproliferative growths in loin (Synchronous), along the waistline, which showed well-differentiated SCC on biopsy. Wide excision with rhomboid transposition flap was done bilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naveen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Kamal Kumar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh K Babu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prema Dhanraj
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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31
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Balasundaram S, Ramadas R, Stumpf J, Hussain KAK, Perumal K. Can a tight saree wear cause cancer? - a rare case report. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:QD01-2. [PMID: 25478425 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9605.4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is rare in India with an incidence of about less than 1% of all cancers. Saree Cancer, a kind of skin cancer is rarer entity, which arises from the frequent abrasion over skin caused by tying the rope in inskirts, often tied tightly so that the saree does not slip. This causes hyperpigmented abrasion, ulcer and then may lead to cancer. This report is about a 40-year-old female with non-healing ulcer of six months duration with rapid increase in size over the past one month. The ulcer measured 4x2 cm in size. The patient underwent excision of the tumour and the margins were positive. Re-excision was done for positive margins and re-growth of the tumour. This is one the first few reports on saree cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathira Balasundaram
- Consultant, Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Apollo Speciality Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Rathnadevi Ramadas
- Consultant, Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Apollo Speciality Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Janos Stumpf
- Advisor, Cyberknife and Oncology Services, Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Apollo Speciality Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Khader A K Hussain
- Senior Resident, Department of Surgical Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Apollo Speciality Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Senior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Apollo Speciality Hospital , Chennai, India
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33
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Brown A, Tantcheva-Poor I, Eming SA. [Parallels between wound healing, chronic inflammatory skin diseases and neoplasia: clinical aspects]. Hautarzt 2014; 65:934-43. [PMID: 25318704 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-014-3524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds, scars, burns and recalcitrant chronic inflammatory skin lesions can give rise to malignancy. These neoplasias are usually squamous cell carcinomas but basal cell carcinomas can also develop. Tumorigenesis is a severe complication of chronic ulcers as well as certain inflammatory skin diseases; early diagnosis is critical for prognosis. This article describes parallels between wound healing, chronic inflammatory skin diseases and carcinogenesis and provides advice on practical aspects of diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brown
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
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Lee HW, Jeong YI, Suh HS, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC, Koh JK. Two Cases of Dystrophic Calcinosis Cutis in Burn Scars. J Dermatol 2014; 32:282-5. [PMID: 15863851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophic calcinosis cutis is defined as the abnormal deposition of insoluble calcium salts in dead or degenerated cutaneous tissues in the absence of abnormal serum calcium or phosphate concentrations. Although dystrophic calcification can occur in various diseases, its occurrence on a burn scar has rarely been reported in the dermatologic literature. Herein we describe two patients who presented with a solitary non-healing ulcer in a postburn scar, with histopathologic evidence of calcium deposition in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Woong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Steffensen SM, Thomassen A, Jensen JPN, Soerensen JA. Latissimus dorsi free flap reconstruction of major abdominal defect in treatment of giant Marjolin's ulcer: a short report focused on preoperative imaging. Acta Radiol Short Rep 2014; 3:2047981613516614. [PMID: 24778800 PMCID: PMC4001431 DOI: 10.1177/2047981613516614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 56-year-old man with a giant carcinoma in the abdominal wall. Based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan there were FDG-avid lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axillary and groin, suspicious for metastases. At contrast-enhanced CT the parietal peritoneum seemed free of tumor invasion, which was essential to radical surgery planning. The tumor was completely removed with clear margins of resection and no metastasis in the resected lymph nodes. The PET/CT scan was repeated after 4 months, showing no signs of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Muus Steffensen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, South-West Jutland Hospital Esbjerg, Denmark ; Department of Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anders Thomassen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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Agbai ON, Buster K, Sanchez M, Hernandez C, Kundu RV, Chiu M, Roberts WE, Draelos ZD, Bhushan R, Taylor SC, Lim HW. Skin cancer and photoprotection in people of color: a review and recommendations for physicians and the public. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:748-762. [PMID: 24485530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is less prevalent in people of color than in the white population. However, when skin cancer occurs in non-whites, it often presents at a more advanced stage, and thus the prognosis is worse compared with white patients. The increased morbidity and mortality associated with skin cancer in patients of color compared with white patients may be because of the lack of awareness, diagnoses at a more advanced stage, and socioeconomic factors such as access to care barriers. Physician promotion of skin cancer prevention strategies for all patients, regardless of ethnic background and socioeconomic status, can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment. Public education campaigns should be expanded to target communities of color to promote self-skin examination and stress importance of photoprotection, avoidance of tanning bed use, and early skin cancer detection and treatment. These measures should result in reduction or earlier detection of cutaneous malignancies in all communities. Furthermore, promotion of photoprotection practices may reduce other adverse effects of ultraviolet exposure including photoaging and ultraviolet-related disorders of pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oma N Agbai
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kesha Buster
- Department of Dermatology, Via Christi Clinic, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Miguel Sanchez
- Department of Dermatology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Hernandez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roopal V Kundu
- Northwestern Center for Ethnic Skin, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melvin Chiu
- Division of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Zoe D Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Reva Bhushan
- American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois.
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Society Hill Dermatology and Cosmetic Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry W Lim
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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37
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Nogueira L, Mendes L, Rodrigues CAC, Santos M, Talhari S, Talhari C. Lobomycosis and squamous cell carcinoma. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 88:293-5. [PMID: 23739701 PMCID: PMC3750902 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962013000200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurence of squamous cell carcinoma on long-lasting ulcers is classic. Malignant
transformation may occur on burn scars and chronic ulcers of varying etiology,
including infectious agents. Transformation of old lobomycosis lesion scars into
squamous cell carcinoma has been rarely reported. Careful and long-term follow-up of
such patients is important to avoid carcinomatous transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Nogueira
- Tropical Medicine Foundation of the Amazonas, Manaus, (AM), Brazil
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Abstract
We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with malignant degeneration of a right hallux nail bed ulcer of 20 years' duration. Histologic examination confirmed the diagnostic features of Marjolin's ulcer, a well-defined but uncommon malignant ulcer that occurs in chronic wounds and cutaneous scars. In this report, we describe the clinical and histopathologic features and the differential diagnosis of this unusual lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Pavlovic
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Marjolin's ulcer: a preventable malignancy arising from scars. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:313. [PMID: 24341890 PMCID: PMC3896958 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a rare malignancy arising from various forms of scars. This potentially fatal complication typically occurs after a certain latency period. This article attempts to reveal the importance of the latency period in the prevention and early treatment of the malignancy. METHODS A retrospective review of 17 MU patients who underwent surgical procedures between June of 2005 and December 2011 was conducted. Etiology of injuries, latency period, repeated ulceration, and outcomes were recorded. This observational report reveals characteristics of patients who develop MU. RESULTS An incidence of 0.7% of MU was found amongst patients complaining of existing scars in our study; burns and trauma were the most common etiology of MU. The mean latency period was 29 years (SD = 19) and the mean post-ulceration period was 7 years (SD = 9). Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between the age of patients at injury and the length of latency period (r = -0.8, P <0.01), as well as the lengths of pre-ulceration and post-ulceration periods (r = -0.7, P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients experience different lengths of pre- and post-ulceration periods during the latency period. Younger patients tend to have a longer latency period. Skin breakdown on chronic scars and chronic unhealed ulcers are two main sources of MU. MU may be preventable with a close surveillance of the ulcer during the latency period.
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Eliassen A, Vandy F, McHugh J, Henke PK. Marjolin's Ulcer in a Patient With Chronic Venous Stasis. Ann Vasc Surg 2013; 27:1182.e5-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Saraiya HA. A very large Marjolin's ulcer on back without lymph node metastasis. Indian J Plast Surg 2013; 46:156-8. [PMID: 23960332 PMCID: PMC3745112 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant A Saraiya
- Sushrut Plastic Surgery Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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42
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Grunberg W, Tzarnas CD. Four different pathologic Marjolin’s ulcer malignancies in the same burn scar. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-012-0745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Qi Qi C, Ajit Singh V. Palm oil thorn-induced squamous cell carcinoma with underlying burns scar. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012:bcr-2012-006401. [PMID: 22865804 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcers are malignancies that arise from previously traumatised, chronically inflamed or scarred skin. We present a case with childhood burns, who had repeated irritation of his forearm skin with palm oil thorns that eventually led to malignant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo Qi Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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45
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Stanford R, Lowell D, Raju R, Arya S. Marjolin's ulcer of the leg secondary to nonhealing chronic venous stasis ulcer. J Foot Ankle Surg 2012; 51:475-8. [PMID: 22726651 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 79-year-old man with a chronic venous stasis ulceration of >20 years' duration in the left medial leg presenting to our clinic after admission for bleeding and suspected infection of his ulceration. This lesion had been biopsied in 1999 and was found to be a benign, chronic venous insufficiency ulceration. Plain film radiographs as well as a bone scan did not identify osteomyelitis. Because of the hypertrophic, nodular appearance of this ulceration, it was the clinicians' discretion to perform a repeat biopsy of the lesion. Biopsy revealed invasive, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A computed tomography scan subsequently identified a suspicious inguinal lymph node, and an ultrasound-guided needle aspiration revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the biopsied lymph node. Above-knee amputation was indicated at this time and was performed in conjunction with local superficial inguinal lymph node resection, after which the patient was discharged from our service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royden Stanford
- Department of Surgery, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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46
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Case of the month. Marjolin ulcer. JAAPA 2012; 25:69. [PMID: 22506344 DOI: 10.1097/01720610-201204000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Gaster RS, Bhatt KA, Shelton AA, Lee GK. Free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction of a massive lumbosacral defect using superior gluteal artery perforator vessels. Microsurgery 2012; 32:388-92. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chalya PL, Mabula JB, Rambau P, Mchembe MD, Kahima KJ, Chandika AB, Giiti G, Masalu N, Ssentongo R, Gilyoma JM. Marjolin's ulcers at a university teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 56 cases. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:38. [PMID: 22336561 PMCID: PMC3292918 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marjolin's ulcer is a rare but highly aggressive squamous cell cancer that is most often associated with chronic burn wounds. Although many individual case reports exist, no comprehensive evaluation of Marjolin's ulcer patients has been conducted in our setting. This study was conducted to describe the clinicopathological presentation and treatment outcome of this condition in our local setting and to identify predictors of outcome. Methods This was a retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of Marjolin's ulcer seen at Bugando Medical Centre over a period of 10-years between January 2001 and December 2010. Data were retrieved from patients' files and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 15.0 Results A total of 56 patients were studied. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Burn scars (89.3%) were the most common causative lesions of Marjolin's ulcer. The mean latent period between original injury and diagnosis of Marjolin's ulcer was 11.34 ± 6.14 years. Only 12.0% of the reported cases were grafted at the time of injury (P < 0.00). Most patients (48.2%) presented between one and five years of onset of illness. The lower limb (42.9%) was the most frequent site for Marjolin's ulcers. The median tumor size at presentation was 8 cm and the vast majority of patients (85.7%) presented with large tumors of ≥ 5 cm in diameter. Lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis was recorded in 32.1% of cases and distant metastasis accounted for 26.9% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (91.1%) was the most common histopathological type. Wide local excision was the most common surgical procedure performed in 80.8% of cases. Post-operative complication rate was 32.1% of which surgical site infection was the most common complication in 38.9% of patients. Local recurrence was noted in 33.3% of cases who were treated surgically. The mean length of hospital stay for in-patients was 7.9 ± 2.3 days. Mortality rate was 7.1%. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, stage and grade of the tumor and presence of local recurrence were the main predictors of death (P < 0.001). Conclusion Marjolin's ulcers are not rare in our environment and commonly occur in burn scars that were not skin grafted and were left to heal secondarily. A high index of suspicion is required in the management of chronic non-healing ulcers and all suspected lesions should be biopsed. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of Marjolin's ulcers and close follow-up are urgently needed to improve outcomes in our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipo L Chalya
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Pekarek B, Buck S, Osher L. A Comprehensive Review on Marjolin's Ulcers: Diagnosis and Treatment. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CERTIFIED WOUND SPECIALISTS 2011; 3:60-4. [PMID: 24525526 PMCID: PMC3601857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcws.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the misnomer, Marjolin's ulcers really reflect malignant degeneration arising within a pre-existing cicatrix or scar. In most instances, biopsied lesions demonstrate well-differentiated squamous cell tumors, although other epidermoid lesions are occasionally encountered. The lesions are rare and are most commonly found in the lower extremity, especially the heel and plantar foot. In light of the close association of these lesions with scarred tissues associated with various chronic lower-extremity wounds, those involved in health care delivery to these patients must be aware of Marjolin's ulcer, its manifestations and potential ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pekarek
- Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine, Independence, OH 44685, USA
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50
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Daya M, Balakrishan T. Advanced Marjolin's ulcer of the scalp in a 13-year-old boy treated by excision and free tissue transfer: Case report and review of literature. Indian J Plast Surg 2011; 42:106-11. [PMID: 19881030 PMCID: PMC2772291 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.53020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcer originates in chronic scars and wounds of diverse origin. This relatively rare tumour is most commonly a squamous cell carcinoma. The reason for malignant transformation is not well understood. The burn scar is a common predilection. We present the youngest patient in the literature, a 13-year-old male with a locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp with intracranial extension following an unhealed burn injury at the age of three. Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy was also noted. The tumour was excised and the large defect overlying the brain was covered by free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. At four weeks a therapeutic bilateral selective neck dissection was done. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. This report reiterates the importance of early diagnosis. Free tissue transfer further enhances our ability to cover complex defects associated with excision of advanced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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