1
|
Circulating thrombospondin 2 levels reflect fibrosis severity and disease activity in HCV-infected patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18900. [PMID: 36344733 PMCID: PMC9640666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among several secreted glycoproteins belonging to the thrombospondin family, thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) is involved in various functions, including collagen/fibrin formation. Liver/serum TSP2 levels have been correlated to liver fibrosis stage and disease activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study investigated whether serum TSP2 was associated with clinicopathological features in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients as well. A total of 350 patients with HCV who had undergone liver biopsy were retrospectively enrolled and divided into a discovery cohort (n = 270) and a validation cohort (n = 80). In the discovery cohort, serum TSP2 levels were moderately correlated with both liver fibrosis stage (r = 0.426, P < 0.0001) and activity grade (r = 0.435, P < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of TSP2 for predicting severe fibrosis (≥ F3) was 0.78 and comparable to or better than those of autotaxin (0.78), FIB-4 index (0.78), and APRI (0.76). The discovery cohort findings were closely replicated in the validation cohort. Moreover, comprehensive liver genetic analysis of HCV-infected patients confirmed that the expression of the THBS2 gene encoding TSP2 was significantly higher in severely fibrotic F4 than in F1 patients. Circulating TSP2 levels may reflect the severity of hepatic fibrosis/inflammation in HCV-infected patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Wu J. History, applications, and challenges of immune repertoire research. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 34:441-457. [PMID: 29484527 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of T and B cells in terms of their receptor sequences is huge in the vertebrate's immune system and provides broad protection against the vast diversity of pathogens. Immune repertoire is defined as the sum of T cell receptors and B cell receptors (also named immunoglobulin) that makes the organism's adaptive immune system. Before the emergence of high-throughput sequencing, the studies on immune repertoire were limited by the underdeveloped methodologies, since it was impossible to capture the whole picture by the low-throughput tools. The massive paralleled sequencing technology suits perfectly the researches on immune repertoire. In this article, we review the history of immune repertoire studies, in terms of technologies and research applications. Particularly, we discuss several aspects of challenges in this field and highlight the efforts to develop potential solutions, in the era of high-throughput sequencing of the immune repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fozza C, Barraqueddu F, Corda G, Contini S, Virdis P, Dore F, Bonfigli S, Longinotti M. Study of the T-cell receptor repertoire by CDR3 spectratyping. J Immunol Methods 2016; 440:1-11. [PMID: 27823906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is the key player within the so called immunological synapse and the analysis of its repertoire offers a picture of both versatility and wideness of the whole immune T-cell compartment. Among the different approaches applied to its study the so-called spectratyping identifies the pattern of the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) length distribution in each one of the beta variable (TRBV) subfamilies encoded by the corresponding genes. This technique consists in a CDR3 fragment analysis through capillary electrophoresis, performed after cell separation, RNA extraction and reverse transcriptase PCR. This review will run through the most relevant studies which have tried to dissect the TCR repertoire usage in patients with different immune-mediated and infective diseases as well as solid or haematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fozza
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Barraqueddu
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Corda
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Contini
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Virdis
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fausto Dore
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvana Bonfigli
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Longinotti
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miles JJ, Douek DC, Price DA. Bias in the αβ T-cell repertoire: implications for disease pathogenesis and vaccination. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:375-87. [PMID: 21301479 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The naïve T-cell repertoire is vast, containing millions of unique T-cell receptor (TCR) structures. Faced with such diversity, the mobilization of TCR structures from this enormous pool was once thought to be a stochastic, even chaotic, process. However, steady and systematic dissection over the last 20 years has revealed that this is not the case. Instead, the TCR repertoire deployed against individual antigens is routinely ordered and biased. Often, identical and near-identical TCR repertoires can be observed across different individuals, suggesting that the system encompasses an element of predictability. This review provides a catalog of αβ TCR bias by disease and by species, and discusses the mechanisms that govern this inherent and widespread phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Miles
- T Cell Modulation Laboratory, Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cudillo L. Aplastica anemia and viral hepatitis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2009; 1:e2009026. [PMID: 21415960 PMCID: PMC3033128 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2009.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia (aAA) is a severe and rare disease, characterized by hematopoietic bone marrow failure and peripheral cytopenia. The pathophysiology is immune mediated in most cases, activated T1 lymphocytes have been identified as effector cells. The disease can be successfully treated with combined immunosuppressive therapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAA) is a syndrome of bone marrow failure following the development of acute seronegative hepatitis. HAA syndrome most often affects young males who presented severe pancytopenia two to three months after an episode of acute hepatitis. The clinical course of hepatitis is more frequently benign but a fulminant severe course is also described. The bone marrow failure can be explosive and severe and it is usually fatal if untreated, no correlations have been observed between severity of hepatitis and AA. In none of the studies a specific virus could be identified and most cases are seronegative for known hepatitis viruses. The clinical characteristics and response to immunotherapy indicate a central role for immune-mediated mechanism in the pathogenesis of HAA. The initial target organ of the immune response is the liver as suggested by the time interval between hepatitis and the onset of bone marrow failure. Liver histology is characterized by T cell infiltrating the parenchyma as reported in acute hepatitis. Recently in HAA it has been demonstrated intrahepatic and blood lymphocytes with T cell repertoire similar to that of confirmed viral acute hepatitis. The expanded T cell clones return to a normal distribution after response to immunosuppressive treatment, suggesting the antigen or T cell clearance. Therapeutic options are the same as acquired aplastic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cudillo
- Stem cell Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sfanos KS, Bruno TC, Meeker AK, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB, Drake CG. Human prostate-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes are oligoclonal and PD-1+. Prostate 2009; 69:1694-703. [PMID: 19670224 PMCID: PMC2782577 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-infiltrating CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CD8(+) PIL) are prevalent in men with prostate cancer (PCa), however, it is unclear whether the presence of such cells reflects a non-specific immune infiltrate or an oligoclonal, antigen-driven adaptive immune response. METHODS We investigated the complexity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the prostate gland by examining the diversity of CD8(+) TCR beta chain variable region (Vbeta) gene sequences in both the peripheral blood and prostates of cancer patients. Vbeta repertoire analysis was performed by family-specific Vbeta spectratyping and flow cytometry, as well as direct sequence analysis (5' RACE and cloning). Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1 or PDCD1) expression on peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells and CD8(+) PIL was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD8(+) PIL isolated from cancer patients exhibited restricted TCR Vbeta gene usage, and identical clones were identified in multiple sites within the prostate. Furthermore, CD8(+) PIL express high levels of the inhibitory receptor PD-1, a cell surface protein associated with an "exhausted" CD8(+) T-cell phenotype. CONCLUSIONS CD8(+) PIL appear to have undergone clonal expansion in response to an as yet unidentified antigen; however, due to the high expression of PD-1, these cells are likely incapable of mounting an effective immune response. The results provide an important basis for further efforts aimed at the identification of specific antigens involved in prostatic inflammation, and suggest that PD-1 blockade may be useful in immunotherapy for PCa.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/biosynthesis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/immunology
- Biopsy
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S. Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
| | - Tullia C. Bruno
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
| | - Charles G. Drake
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-2101
- Correspondence to: Charles G. Drake, Johns Hopkins SKCCC, 1650 Orleans Street, CRBI 410, Baltimore, MD 21231. Phone: 410-502-7523; Fax: 443-287-4653;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sloand EM, Mainwaring L, Fuhrer M, Ramkissoon S, Risitano AM, Keyvanafar K, Lu J, Basu A, Barrett AJ, Young NS. Preferential suppression of trisomy 8 compared with normal hematopoietic cell growth by autologous lymphocytes in patients with trisomy 8 myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2005; 106:841-51. [PMID: 15827127 PMCID: PMC1895154 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-05-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations and experimental evidence link bone marrow failure in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a T cell-dominated autoimmune process. Immunosuppressive therapy is effective in improving cytopenias in selected patients. Trisomy 8 is a frequent cytogenetic abnormality in bone marrow cells in patients with MDS, and its presence has been associated anecdotally with good response to immunotherapy. We studied 34 patients with trisomy 8 in bone marrow cells, some of whom were undergoing treatment with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). All had significant CD8+ T-cell expansions of one or more T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta subfamilies, as measured by flow cytometry; expanded subfamilies showed CDR3 skewing by spectratyping. Sorted T cells of the expanded Vbeta subfamilies, but not of the remaining subfamilies, inhibited trisomy 8 cell growth in short-term hematopoietic culture. The negative effects of Vbeta-expanded T cells were inhibited by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and Fas antagonist and required direct cell-to-cell contact. Sixty-seven percent of patients who had de novo MDS with trisomy 8 as the sole karyotypic abnormality responded to ATG with durable reversal of cytopenias and restoration of transfusion independence, with stable increase in the proportion of trisomy 8 bone marrow cells and normalization of the T-cell repertoire. An increased number of T cells with apparent specificity for trisomy 8 cells is consistent with an autoimmune pathophysiology in trisomy 8 MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Sloand
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bldg 10, Rm 7C108, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu ZW, Zhang N, Han QY, Zeng JT, Chu YL, Qiu JM, Wang YW, Ma LT, Wang XQ. Correlation of serum leptin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:3357-62. [PMID: 15948239 PMCID: PMC4315988 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i22.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine serum leptin levels and investigate their correlations with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and their potential clinical implications.
METHODS: Forty-two chronic HCV-infected patients without anti-viral treatment were enrolled in this study, 30 patients had chronic hepatitis C, 10 had cirrhosis, and 2 had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Serum leptin levels were determined by ELISA. The biochemical liver function and serum lipids were determined at the same time. The height and body weight of patients and controls were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and body fat were calculated simultaneously. The correlations of serum leptin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function were assessed statistically.
RESULTS: The mean of serum leptin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C, HCV-associated cirrhosis, HCV-associated HCC and control groups was (6.13±3.94), (5.25±4.21), (4.17±0.28), and (3.59±3.44) ng/mL, respectively. The serum leptin level in patients with chronic hepatitis C was significantly higher than that in controls. The serum leptin levels between cirrhotic patients and controls and between male and female cirrhotic patients had no significant difference. Serum leptin levels were positively-correlated with body fat, BMI, and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in patients with chronic HCV infection. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were closely-correlated with BMI in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
CONCLUSION: HCV infection interferes with fat and lipid metabolism in patients with chronic HCV infection and leptin may play a role in hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giuggio VM, Bonkovsky HL, Rothman AL. Evolution of the Intrahepatic T Cell Repertoire during Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2005; 18:179-89. [PMID: 15802962 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver, where there is a compartmentalization of HCV-reactive T lymphocytes. Previous studies have demonstrated a broad intrahepatic TCR repertoire; however, there is little information regarding the stability of this intrahepatic T cell population. We studied the T cell repertoires in sequential liver biopsy samples from five individuals with chronic HCV infection using TCR spectratype analysis; four subjects had been treated with IFN-alpha during the interval between biopsies. Transcripts from most TCRBV families were detectable in the liver tissues, and 25-85% of these had skewed spectratype profiles indicative of T cell clonal expansions. Most of the intrahepatic T cell expansions were not evident in an analysis of peripheral blood T cells collected at the same time as the liver biopsy. Detailed analysis using TCRBJ-primed run-off reactions revealed that the intrahepatic TCR repertoires were not stable within an individual, although some TCR clonotypes were maintained for at least 45 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki M Giuggio
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boudinot P, Bernard D, Boubekeur S, Thoulouze MI, Bremont M, Benmansour A. The glycoprotein of a fish rhabdovirus profiles the virus-specific T-cell repertoire in rainbow trout. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:3099-3108. [PMID: 15448373 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell responses to viruses are still poorly investigated in lower vertebrates. In rainbow trout, a specific clonal expansion of T cells in response to infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was recently identified. Expanded T-cell clones expressed a unique 8 aa Vβ4-Jβ1 junction (SSGDSYSE) in different individuals, reminiscent of a typical public response. To get further insight into the nature of this response the modifications of the T-cell repertoire following immunization with plasmid expressing the VHSV external glycoprotein (G), which is the only protein involved in protective immunity, was analysed. After G-based DNA immunization, CDR3-length spectratypes were skewed for several Vβ-Jβ combinations, including Vβ4-Jβ1. In Vβ4-Jβ1, biases consisted of 6 and 8 aa junctions that were detected from day 52, and were still present 3 months after DNA immunization. Sequence analysis of the Vβ4-Jβ1 junctions showed that the 8 aa junction (SSGDSYSE) was clearly expanded, indicating that viral G protein was probably the target of the anti-VHSV public response. Additional 6 and 8 aa Vβ4-Jβ1 junctions were also expanded in G-DNA-vaccinated fish, showing that significant clonotypic diversity was selected in response to the plasmid-delivered G protein. This higher clonotypic diversity may be related to the demonstrated higher efficiency of G-based DNA vaccines over whole virus immunization. The use of infectious hematopietic necrosis virus (IHNV) recombinant viruses, expressing the VHSV G protein, further substantiated the VHSV G-protein specificity of the 8 aa Vβ4-Jβ1 response and designated the 6 aa Vβ4-Jβ1 response as potentially directed to a T-cell epitope common to VHSV and IHNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boudinot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - David Bernard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Samira Boubekeur
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Thoulouze
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Michel Bremont
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Abdenour Benmansour
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu J, Basu A, Melenhorst JJ, Young NS, Brown KE. Analysis of T-cell repertoire in hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. Blood 2004; 103:4588-93. [PMID: 14988156 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAA) is a syndrome of bone marrow failure following an acute attack of seronegative hepatitis. Clinical features and liver histology suggest a central role for an immune-mediated mechanism. To characterize the immune response, we investigated the T-cell repertoire (T-cell receptor [TCR] Vβ chain subfamily) of intrahepatic lymphocytes in HAA patients by TCR spectratyping. In 6 of 7 HAA liver samples, a broad skewing pattern in the 21 Vβ subfamilies tested was observed. In total, 62% ± 18% of HAA spectratypes showed a skewed pattern, similar to 68% ± 18% skewed spectratype patterns in 3 of 4 patients with confirmed viral hepatitis. Additionally, the T-cell repertoire had similarly low levels of complexity. In the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of a separate group of HAA patients prior to treatment, 60% ± 15% skewed spectratypes were detected, compared with only 18% ± 8% skewed spectratypes in healthy controls. After successful immunosuppressive treatment, an apparent reversion to a normal T-cell repertoire with a corresponding significant increase in T-cell repertoire complexity was observed in the HAA samples. In conclusion, our data suggest an antigen-driven T-cell expansion in HAA and achievement of a normal T-cell repertoire during recovery from HAA. (Blood. 2004;103:4588-4593)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1652, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grabowska AM, Lechner F, Klenerman P, Tighe PJ, Ryder S, Ball JK, Thomson BJ, Irving WL, Robins RA. Direct ex vivo comparison of the breadth and specificity of the T cells in the liver and peripheral blood of patients with chronic HCV infection. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:2388-94. [PMID: 11500822 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2388::aid-immu2388>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of intrahepatic lymphocytes in the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the pathology associated with it is not understood; most studies of the immunology of this infection use peripheral blood lymphocyte populations. To address this further, we examined in detail the IHL from HCV-infected patients and controls, focusing on the antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte component. Individual T cells from needle liver biopsies and peripheral blood were isolated from patients with chronic HCV infection and examined directly ex vivo. We used RT-PCR spectratyping to compare the breadth of the T cell receptor usage in the liver in comparison with the peripheral blood, and applied MHC class I tetramer technology to investigate the numbers of HCV-specific CD8(+) cells in the two compartments. T cell receptor usage in the liver of HCV-infected patients was broad, comparable with that in the peripheral blood of the same patients. A much higher proportion of liver CD8(+) cells expressed receptors specific for HCV antigens compared with paired peripheral blood CD8(+) cells. A greater proportion of the liver tetramer-positive cells expressed the activation marker CD69, compared with those in the periphery or other CD8(+) cells in the liver. In the course of chronic HCV infection, HCV-specific CD8 cells, which have been recently activated, appear to accumulate specifically in the livers of infected patients but are present in much lower numbers in the peripheral circulation. Further studies are needed to determine the function of these cells and their role in protection and immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Grabowska
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nottingham University, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, GB.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|