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Dos Santos Cardoso F, Dos Santos JCC, Gonzalez-Lima F, Araújo BHS, Lopes-Martins RÁB, Gomes da Silva S. Effects of Chronic Photobiomodulation with Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser on Brain Metabolomics of Young and Aged Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2256-2268. [PMID: 33417219 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since laser photobiomodulation has been found to enhance brain energy metabolism and cognition, we conducted the first metabolomics study to systematically analyze the metabolites modified by brain photobiomodulation. Aging is often accompanied by cognitive decline and susceptibility to neurodegeneration, including deficits in brain energy metabolism and increased susceptibility of nerve cells to oxidative stress. Changes in oxidative stress and energetic homeostasis increase neuronal vulnerability, as observed in diseases related to brain aging. We evaluated and compared the cortical and hippocampal metabolic pathways of young (4 months old) and aged (20 months old) control rats with those of rats exposed to transcranial near-infrared laser over 58 consecutive days. Statistical analyses of the brain metabolomics data indicated that chronic transcranial photobiomodulation (1) significantly enhances the metabolic pathways of young rats, particularly for excitatory neurotransmission and oxidative metabolism, and (2) restores the altered metabolic pathways of aged rats towards levels found in younger rats, mainly in the cerebral cortex. These novel metabolomics findings may help complement other laser-induced neurocognitive, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio Dos Santos Cardoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, CEP 08780-911, Brazil.,Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araújo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, CEP 08780-911, Brazil. .,Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, MG, Brazil. .,Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil.
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Heimfarth L, Loureiro SO, Reis KP, de Lima BO, Zamboni F, Gandolfi T, Narvaes R, da Rocha JBT, Pessoa-Pureur R. Cross-Talk among Intracellular Signaling Pathways Mediates the Diphenyl Ditelluride Actions on the Hippocampal Cytoskeleton of Young Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1754-64. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200307u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Karina Pires Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Ortiz de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Zamboni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Talita Gandolfi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Narvaes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Funchal C, de Almeida LMV, Oliveira Loureiro S, Vivian L, de Lima Pelaez P, Dall Bello Pessutto F, Rosa AM, Wajner M, Pessoa Pureur R. In vitro phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins from cerebral cortex of rats. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 2003; 11:111-8. [PMID: 12738006 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(03)00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Procedures for the preparation of high- and low-salt Triton insoluble cytoskeletal fractions from rat brain suitable for studying in vitro phosphorylation by endogenous kinases and phosphatases are described. The high-salt Triton insoluble cytoskeletal fraction is enriched in neurofilament subunits (NF-H, NF-M and NF-L), vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), while the low-salt Triton insoluble cytoskeletal fraction contains detergent insoluble cytoskeletal elements such as intermediate filament subunits and tubulins. One of our approaches is to incubate cerebral cortex slices with [32P]orthophosphate before the cytoskeletal fraction extraction, which allows the in vitro phosphorylation of cytoskeletal constituents in an intact intracellular environment. On the other hand, we also incubate low- or high-salt cytoskeletal fractions previously prepared with [gamma(32)P]ATP. By doing so, we are able to study the direct effects of substances on the kinase and phosphatase activities associated with the cytoskeletal fraction. Moreover by using specific activators or inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases we can obtain more detailed information on the alterations provoked by these substances. These approaches are useful for the investigation of the neurotoxic effects of various drugs and metabolites affecting the cytoskeletal-associated phosphorylation system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Funchal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Dick S, Funchal C, Pelaez PDL, Loureiro SO, Vivian L, Pessutto FDB, Almeida LM, Wannmacher CMD, Pessoa-Pureur R. Cytoskeleton of human mononuclear cells as a possible peripheral marker for phenylalanine neurotoxicity in PKU. Neurochem Res 2002; 27:1569-76. [PMID: 12515306 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021664905830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work we tested human mononuclear cells as a peripheral marker to study neurotoxicity of phenylalanine (Phe). Slices of cerebral cortex of rats or human mononuclear cells were incubated with different concentrations of Phe and/or Ala in the presence of 32P-orthophosphate, the cytoskeletal fraction was extracted, and the radioactivity incorporated into intermediate filament proteins was measured. Our results show that 2 mM Phe as well as 1 mM Ala are effective in increasing the 32P in vitro incorporation into IFs in both tissues. When cerebral cortex slices or mononuclear cells were incubated with different concentrations of Phe and/or Ala, the effects on the 32P in vitro incorporation into IF proteins was compatible with an antagonistic mechanism of action of the two amino acids on the enzymes of the phosphorylating system. In addition, these blood cells may be a possible peripheral marker to study neurotoxicity of Phe in patients with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dick
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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Feksa LR, Cornelio AR, Rech VC, Dutra-Filho CS, Wyse ATS, Wajner M, Wannmacher CMD. Alanine prevents the reduction of pyruvate kinase activity in brain cortex of rats subjected to chemically induced hyperphenylalaninemia. Neurochem Res 2002; 27:947-52. [PMID: 12396106 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020351800882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which phenylalanine is toxic to the brain in phenylketonuria are not fully understood. Considering that brain glucose metabolism is reduced in these patients, our main objective was to determine pyruvate kinase activity in brain cortex of rats subjected to acute and chronic chemically induced hyperphenylalaninemia. The effect of alanine administration on the enzyme activity in the treated rats was also investigated. We also studied the in vitro effect of the two amino acids on pyruvate kinase activity in brain cortex of nontreated rats. The results indicated that phenylalanine inhibits pyruvate kinase in vitro and in vivo and that alanine prevents the inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on the enzyme activity. Considering the crucial role pyruvate kinase plays in glucose metabolism in brain, it is possible that inhibition of this enzyme activity may contribute to the brain damage characteristic of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Rosa Feksa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kienzle Hagen ME, Pederzolli CD, Sgaravatti AM, Bridi R, Wajner M, Wannmacher CMD, Wyse ATS, Dutra-Filho CS. Experimental hyperphenylalaninemia provokes oxidative stress in rat brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1586:344-52. [PMID: 11997085 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation of L-phenylalanine (Phe) is the biochemical hallmark of human phenylketonuria (PKU), an inherited metabolic disorder clinically characterized by mental retardation and other neurological features. The mechanisms of brain damage observed in this disorder are poorly understood. In the present study we investigated some oxidative stress parameters in the brain of rats with experimental hyperphenylalaninemia. Chemiluminescence, total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured in the brain of the animals. We observed that chemiluminescence is increased and TRAP is reduced in the brain of hyperphenylalaninemic rats. Similar data were obtained in the in vitro experiments using Phe at various concentrations. CAT activity was significantly inhibited by Phe in vitro and in vivo, whereas GSH-Px activity was reduced in vivo but not in vitro and SOD activity was not altered by any treatment. The results indicate that oxidative stress may be involved in the neuropathology of PKU. However, further studies are necessary to confirm and extend our findings to the human condition and also to determine whether an antioxidant therapy may be of benefit to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine E Kienzle Hagen
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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