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Sachs UJ, Bedei I, Wienzek-Lischka S, Cooper N, Ehrhardt H, Axt-Fliedner R, Bein G. Fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie, Teil 1. TRANSFUSIONSMEDIZIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1258-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie (FNAIT) wird durch mütterliche Antikörper hervorgerufen, die gegen ein vom Vater ererbtes Blutgruppenmerkmal an fetalen Thrombozyten gerichtet sind. Teil 1 des Beitrags stellt die Ätiologie, die Pathogenese und die Diagnostik der FNAIT dar, während Teil 2 die Risikostratifizierung und Behandlung der FNAIT thematisiert 1.
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Human platelet antigen 1-6, 9 and 15 in the Iranian population: An anthropological genetic analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7442. [PMID: 32366900 PMCID: PMC7198494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelet antigens (HPAs) are membranous glycoproteins considered as alloantigens due to their polymorphisms. HPA-incompatibility in multiple pregnancies or blood transfusion can induce the development of alloantibodies leading to thrombocytopenia. The frequency of HPAs varies among populations, so that deep knowledge of HPA frequencies will help us to reduce those incompatibilities. Herein, we studied the allele and genotype frequencies of HPA1-6, HPA9, and HPA15 among the Iranians with intra- and inter-populations analyses on 36 worldwide populations with diverse ethnicities. The analysis shows that the HPA2 and HPA5 have the greatest differences in genotype distribution between the Iranians and other nations, although similar to other populations, the sole allele found in HPA4, 6, and 9 is “a”. Despite other HPAs, the most frequent allele in HPA15 is “b”, which is also abundant in HPA3. Hierarchical clustering indicates the highest degree of global similarity in HPA genotype frequency among Iranian, Argentinian, Brazilian, and German Turkish populations. Our findings can be applied to decrease the risk of alloimmunizations and platelet disorders, especially in neonates.
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Phuangtham R, Romphruk A, Puapairoj C, Leelayuwat C, Romphruk AV. Human platelet antigens in Burmese, Karen and north-eastern Thais. Transfus Med 2016; 27:60-65. [PMID: 27696677 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comparative study of allele frequencies at HPA-1 to -6 and HPA-15 in Burmese and Karen populations as well as at HPA-15 in north-eastern Thais (NET) is presented. BACKGROUND Human platelet antigens (HPAs) are clinically important in several immune platelet disorders, including foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). The knowledge of antigen frequencies in a population is essential for the evaluation of patients suffering from immune-mediated platelet disorders. METHODS A total of 285 unrelated, healthy Burmese, 242 Karen and 300 NET were recruited to this study. Genotype and allele frequencies of HPA-1 to -6 and HPA-15 were defined using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) RESULTS: No individuals homozygous for HPA-1bb, -2bb, -4bb, -5bb and -6bb were detected. HPA-1a, -2a, -4a, -5a and -6a were present in all samples of Burmese and Karen origin. HPA-1b, -2b, -4b, -5b and -6b were rare in these populations. The frequencies of HPA-3a/-3b were 60·4/39·6% in Burmese and 55·8/44·2% in Karen, respectively. Frequencies of HPA-15a/-15b were 57·2/42·8% in Burmese, 52·5/47·5% in Karen and 49·8/50·2% in NET. CONCLUSIONS The frequencies of HPA genotypes in our study indicates that HPA-1a, -2a, -4a, -5a and -6a are unlikely involved in FNAIT, PTP and PTR in Burmese and Karen populations. However, HPA-1b, -2b, -3a, -3b, -4b, -5b, -6b, -15a and -15b may likely stimulate alloantibodies in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Phuangtham
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - A Romphruk
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - C Puapairoj
- Blood Transfusion Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - C Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - A V Romphruk
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Blood Transfusion Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Portela CN, Schriefer A, Albuquerque SRL, Perdomo RT, Parente AFA, Weber SS. The human platelet alloantigen profile in blood donors from Amazonas, Brazil. Transfus Med 2016; 26:448-456. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Portela
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas e Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - A. Schriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia; Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais; Salvador Brazil
| | - S. R. L. Albuquerque
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas e Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunohematologia Molecular; Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - R. T. Perdomo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Brazil
| | - A. F. A. Parente
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - S. S. Weber
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Itacoatiara Brazil
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Wan Syafawati WU, Norhalifah HK, Zefarina Z, Zafarina Z, Panneerchelvam S, Norazmi MN, Chambers GK, Edinur HA. Allele frequencies of human platelet antigens in Banjar, Bugis, Champa, Jawa and Kelantan Malays in Peninsular Malaysia. Transfus Med 2015; 25:326-32. [PMID: 26132409 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The major aims of this study are to characterise and compile allelic data of human platelet antigen (HPA)-1 to -6 and -15 systems in five Malay sub-ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia. BACKGROUND HPAs are polymorphic glycoproteins expressed on the surface of platelet membranes and are genetically differentiated across ethnogeographically unrelated populations. METHODS Blood samples were obtained with informed consent from 192 volunteers: Banjar (n = 30), Bugis (n = 37), Champa (n = 51), Jawa (n = 39) and Kelantan (n = 35). Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method. RESULTS In general, frequencies of HPAs in the Malay sub-ethnic groups are more similar to those in Asian populations compared with other more distinct populations such as Indians, Australian Aborigines and Europeans. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first HPA datasets for the selected Malay sub-ethnic groups. Subsequent analyses including previously reported HPA data of Malays, Chinese and Indians revealed details of the genetic relationships and ancestry of various sub-populations in Peninsular Malaysia. Furthermore, the comprehensive HPA allele frequency information from Peninsular Malaysia provided in this report has potential applications for future study of diseases, estimating risks associated with HPA alloimmunization and for developing an efficient HPA-typed donor recruitment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W U Wan Syafawati
- Human Identification Unit, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - H K Norhalifah
- Human Identification Unit, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Z Zefarina
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Z Zafarina
- Human Identification Unit, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Penang, Malaysia
| | - S Panneerchelvam
- Human Identification Unit, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M N Norazmi
- Human Identification Unit, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - G K Chambers
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - H A Edinur
- Human Identification Unit, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Edinur HA, Dunn PPJ, Lea RA, Chambers GK. Human platelet antigens frequencies in Maori and Polynesian populations. Transfus Med 2013; 23:330-7. [PMID: 23841727 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allele frequencies of human platelet antigens (HPA) reflect population history and possibility of platelet-specific alloimmunization. Here, we report on screening of variants at HPA loci for Polynesian and Maori subjects. OBJECTIVES Our aims are to evaluate new HPA genotyping methods, compile and analyse new HPA datasets for these subjects, use HPA data for tracing ancestry, migration patterns, genetic admixture and its potential influence on health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 Maori and 25 Polynesian DNA samples were genotyped using commercial BAGene HPA-TYPE DNA-SSP kits, BLOODchip hybridization SNP assays and DNA sequence based typing. RESULTS Genotyping was successful and cross validation of PCR-SSP and BLOODchip gave 100% agreement. Among the HPA loci tested, only six are dimorphic (HPA-1 to -3, -5, -6 and -15) and all others are monomorphic. The Polynesians and Maori have the 'a' allele form as the most common for all loci except HPA-15. CONCLUSIONS The newly observed HPA data as well as principal coordinate analysis clearly indicate genetic contributions from both, Asia and Australasia in Maori and Polynesian populations together with recent admixture with Europeans. In addition, different prevalences of HPA alleles among Polynesian, Maori and European populations contribute towards different risk profiles for platelet-specific alloimmunization. This is the first report for these populations and our findings are of direct practical relevance for blood transfusion centres, the management of pregnancies, assessment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and management of multi-transfused patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Edinur
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Brouk H, Halle L, Bertrand G, Neche FZ, Ouelaa H, Kaplan C. Human platelet antigen allele frequencies in different Algerian populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:673-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sabbagh AS, Taher AT, Zaatari GS, Mahfouz RAR. Gene frequencies of the HPA-1 platelet antigen alleles in the Lebanese population. Transfus Med 2007; 17:473-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2007.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ghevaert C, Campbell K, Walton J, Smith GA, Allen D, Williamson LM, Ouwehand WH, Ranasinghe E. Management and outcome of 200 cases of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion 2007; 47:901-10. [PMID: 17465957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT) is the commonest cause of severe thrombocytopenia in term neonates but its management remains controversial. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A 7-year prospective observational study of 200 cases of FMAIT evaluated the relationship between human platelet antigen (HPA) antibody specificity, clinical presentation, morbidity, mortality, and therapeutic interventions in the antenatal and postnatal period, with long-term follow-up of neonates with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). RESULTS In 1148 referrals for FMAIT, HPA antibodies were confirmed in 200 (17%). The commonest specificities were anti-HPA-1a, 150 (75%); anti-HPA-5b, 31 (15.5%); and anti-HPA-15b, 8 (4%). Of 123 (62%) cases (two sets of twins) with no previous history of FMAIT, intrauterine deaths occurred in 5: anti-HPA-1a alone, 3; in combination with anti-HPA-5b, 1; and anti-HPA-15b, 1. Of the 120 live neonates, 103 had severe thrombocytopenia and 17 (14%) developed ICH (anti-HPA-1a, 13; anti-HPA-5b, 3; anti-HPA-15b, 1). Postnatal care varied widely with 37 percent of neonates receiving random rather than HPA-1a and -5b-negative platelets. Of the remaining 77 cases with a history of FMAIT, 40 received intrauterine transfusions. Six (15%) of these fetuses died in utero and an additional 2 developed ICH postnatally. Of the 19 children with ICH, 1 (anti-HPA-15b) died on Day +1, and neurologic sequelae persist in 13 (mean follow-up, 2.5 years). CONCLUSION HPA-1a antibodies are most commonly implicated in severe thrombocytopenia but HPA-5b and HPA-15b antibodies can also result in poor outcome. Postnatal transfusion management is extremely variable, and fetal transfusions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Ghevaert
- National Blood Service Cambridge, Cambridge and Oxford, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Morelati F, Barcellini W, Manera MC, Paccapelo C, Revelli N, Villa MA, Marconi M. New technologies in immunohaematology. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2007; 5:58-65. [PMID: 19204755 PMCID: PMC2535883 DOI: 10.2450/2007.0006-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Morelati
- Centro Trasfusionale e di Immunoematologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Rigenerativa, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano, Italy.
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11
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Pavkovic M, Petlichkovski A, Strezova A, Arsov T, Trajkov D, Spiroski M. Gene frequencies of human platelet antigens in the Macedonian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 67:241-6. [PMID: 16573563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet antigen (HPA) systems consist of more than 12 bi-allelic antigen polymorphisms. Due to these polymorphisms, platelet-membrane glycoproteins can be recognized as alloantigens or autoantigens and can cause conditions such as fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion refractoriness to platelets, and post-transfusion throbocytopenic purpura. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of HPA-1, -2, -3, and -5 in Macedonian population by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The allele frequencies were 0.865 for HPA-1a, 0.135 for HPA-1b, 0.852 for HPA-2a, 0.148 for HPA-2b, 0.578 for HPA-3a, 0.422 for HPA-3b, 0.909 for HPA-5a, and 0.091 for HPA-5b. Results of our study were not significantly different from those reported in the other European studies. Our population displayed the highest frequency for HPA-2b allele (0.148) reported among European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pavkovic
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Kiril and Metodij, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Jones DC, Bunce M, Fuggle SV, Young NT, Marshall SE. Human platelet alloantigens (HPAs): PCR-SSP genotyping of a UK population for 15 HPA alleles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 30:415-9. [PMID: 14675395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2370.2003.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alloimmunization to human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) is responsible for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), post-transfusional purpura (PTP) and platelet transfusion refractoriness. HPAs may also have a role as histocompatibility antigens in transplantation as well as associations with cardiac disease. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) assay capable of detecting 15 HPA allelic variants. As part of the validation of the assay, 134 UK renal donors were genotyped to determine HPA allele frequencies in the UK population. The HPA allele frequencies obtained are consistent with those of the other European studies: GP1A*1 (HPA-5a) and GP1A*2 (HPA-5b), 0.914 and 0.086, respectively; GP1BA*1 (HPA-2a) and GP1BA*2 (HPA-2b), 0.925 and 0.075; GP2B*1 (HPA-3a) and GP2B*2 (HPA-3b), 0.627 and 0.373; GP3A*1 (HPA-1a) and GP3A*2 (HPA-1b), 0.840 and 0.161. The rare alleles GP2B*3 (HPA-9bw) and GP3A*3 to *8 (HPA-4b, -6b, -7bw, -8bw, -10bw and -11bw, respectively) were all absent. This comprehensive HPA genotyping assay allows rapid, accurate and reproducible results at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Jones
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, UK.
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Halle L, Bach K H, Martageix C, Bianchi F, Lê T Kim T, Morel-Kopp MC, Soulier J, Tetaria C, Kaplan C. Eleven human platelet systems studied in the Vietnamese and Ma'ohis Polynesian populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:34-40. [PMID: 14651521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of human platelet antigens (HPA) are variable among different ethnic groups. Platelet phenotyping and genotyping in different populations are important to the clinical implications of antiplatelet alloimmunization. No report on HPA prevalence has been published concerning the Vietnamese Kinh and Ma'ohis Polynesian populations. Recent anthropological and genetic marker studies suggest that these two groups have a common origin in East Asia, so we have conducted a combined study concerning the frequency of HPA-1 to HPA-11w systems (excluding HPA-8w) and Gov in these two populations. The results demonstrate a similar pattern of prevalence between Ma'ohis and most of the Asian populations. However, it should be noted that the frequency of HPA-2 is closer to northern Caucasian frequencies than to Asian frequencies. The population of Kinh shows an HPA distribution that is closer to the Chinese population than to the northeastern Thais except for HPA-3, closer to the Indonesian population. Given HPA-3 gene frequency distribution fetomaternal incompatibility could occur more frequently with the risk of alloantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Halle
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Laboratoire d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Paris, France
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Hermida G, Manjón R, Casanova F, Rodriguez-Salazar M. Oral vaccination with autologous platelets in chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Med Hypotheses 2001; 57:612-5. [PMID: 11735321 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common disease of autoimmune mechanism in which nearly 40% of patients need a third-line treatment after steroids and splenectomy failure. Due to the variable results of the multiple therapeutic modalities in refractory patients it is necessary to develop a more effective treatment. Following previous assays of immunotolerance with the administration of "oral vaccines", we propose a therapeutic protocol in chronic ITP patients with autologous cryopreserved or liophilized platelets administered in enteric capsules. The procedure is theoretically feasible and technically easy and does not need the isolation of the specific antigen target of the autoantibodies in each particular case.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hermida
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General Yague, Avenida del Cid 96, (09005) Burgos, Spain.
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Nebel A, Filon D, Weiss DA, Weale M, Faerman M, Oppenheim A, Thomas MG. High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews. Hum Genet 2000; 107:630-41. [PMID: 11153918 DOI: 10.1007/s004390000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution Y chromosome haplotype analysis was performed in 143 paternally unrelated Israeli and Palestinian Moslem Arabs (I&P Arabs) by screening for 11 binary polymorphisms and six microsatellite loci. Two frequent haplotypes were found among the 83 detected: the modal haplotype of the I&P Arabs (approximately 14%) was spread throughout the region, while its one-step microsatellite neighbor, the modal haplotype of the Galilee sample (approximately 8%), was mainly restricted to the north. Geographic substructuring within the Arabs was observed in the highlands of Samaria and Judea. Y chromosome variation in the I&P Arabs was compared to that of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, and to that of North Welsh individuals. At the haplogroup level, defined by the binary polymorphisms only, the Y chromosome distribution in Arabs and Jews was similar but not identical. At the haplotype level, determined by both binary and microsatellite markers, a more detailed pattern was observed. Single-step microsatellite networks of Arab and Jewish haplotypes revealed a common pool for a large portion of Y chromosomes, suggesting a relatively recent common ancestry. The two modal haplotypes in the I&P Arabs were closely related to the most frequent haplotype of Jews (the Cohen modal haplotype). However, the I&P Arab clade that includes the two Arab modal haplotypes (and makes up 32% of Arab chromosomes) is found at only very low frequency among Jews, reflecting divergence and/or admixture from other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nebel
- Department of Hematology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Darke C. An overview of the Welsh bone marrow donor registry: 10 years of bone marrow donor provision. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:771-7. [PMID: 10745264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Welsh Bone Marrow Donor Registry (WBMDR) is in its 11th year of operation and its 4th year as an International 'Hub' participating in Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide. It is operated by the Welsh Regional Tissue Typing Laboratory which is accredited by Clinical Pathology Accreditation (UK) Ltd, and the European Federation for Immunogenetics and, together with the Welsh Blood Service, its donor centre, is ISO 9001 Registered. The active donor panel of over 21 000 regular blood donors are all HLA-A, B, DR, DQ typed (over 95% to the split specificity level or higher). All HLA-DR, DQ and over 50% of HLA-A, B typing has been performed by DNA-based methods. CMV antibody status, now tested on all donors, is known on over 70% of subjects. The WBMDR has over 80% success at obtaining Confirmatory Typing samples and operates a rapid Expanded Typing service on stored donor material. It has provided 174 bone marrow donations (140 for UK and 34 for overseas patients), and 11 lymphocyte donations, since its inception in 1989.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Darke
- Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, Wales
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