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Patel PM, Connolly MR, Coe TM, Calhoun A, Pollok F, Markmann JF, Burdorf L, Azimzadeh A, Madsen JC, Pierson RN. Minimizing Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681504. [PMID: 34566955 PMCID: PMC8458821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent dramatic advances in preventing "initial xenograft dysfunction" in pig-to-non-human primate heart transplantation achieved by minimizing ischemia suggests that ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) plays an important role in cardiac xenotransplantation. Here we review the molecular, cellular, and immune mechanisms that characterize IRI and associated "primary graft dysfunction" in allotransplantation and consider how they correspond with "xeno-associated" injury mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we describe potential genetic modifications as well as novel technical strategies that may minimize IRI for heart and other organ xenografts and which could facilitate safe and effective clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth M. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret R. Connolly
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Taylor M. Coe
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Calhoun
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Franziska Pollok
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James F. Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lars Burdorf
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Agnes Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard N. Pierson
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Hair PS, Enos AI, Krishna NK, Cunnion KM. Inhibition of Immune Complex Complement Activation and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation by Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1. Front Immunol 2018; 9:558. [PMID: 29632531 PMCID: PMC5879100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis that have yet to be targeted therapeutically are immune complex-initiated complement activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation by neutrophils. Here, we report in vitro testing of peptide inhibitor of complement C1 (PIC1) in assays of immune complex-mediated complement activation in human sera and assays for NET formation by human neutrophils. The lead PIC1 derivative, PA-dPEG24, was able to dose-dependently inhibit complement activation initiated by multiple types of immune complexes (IC), including C1-anti-C1q IC, limiting the generation of pro-inflammatory complement effectors, including C5a and membrane attack complex (sC5b-9). In several instances, PA-dPEG24 achieved complete inhibition with complement effector levels equivalent to background. PA-dPEG24 was also able to dose-dependently inhibit NET formation by human neutrophils stimulated by PMA, MPO, or immune complex activated human sera. In several instances PA-dPEG24 achieved complete inhibition with NETosis with quantitation equivalent to background levels. These results suggest that PA-dPEG24 inhibition of NETs occurs by blocking the MPO pathway of NET formation. Together these results demonstrate that PA-dPEG24 can inhibit immune complex activation of the complement system and NET formation. This provides proof of concept that peptides can potentially be developed to inhibit these two important contributors to rheumatologic pathology that are currently untargeted by available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Hair
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | | | - Neel K Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Kenji M Cunnion
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Children's Specialty Group, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, United States
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3
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Uchida T, Oda T, Takechi H, Matsubara H, Watanabe A, Yamamoto K, Oshima N, Sakurai Y, Kono T, Shimazaki H, Tamai S, Kumagai H. Role of tubulointerstitial plasmin in the progression of IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 2015; 29:53-62. [PMID: 25971850 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-015-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmin has recently been reported to be associated with renal fibrosis in experimental models, but its role in human renal diseases is unclear. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were evaluated retrospectively. Plasmin in their renal biopsy tissues was assessed by in situ zymography using a plasmin-sensitive synthetic peptide, and the relationships between patients' histologic or clinical parameters and their renal plasmin activity [assessed semiquantitatively by calculating the positively stained percentage of the total tubulointerstitial (TI) area] were evaluated. RESULTS Plasmin activity was observed almost exclusively in the TI space (mainly in the interstitium and partly in the tubular epithelial cells) and was significantly stronger in patients with TI lesion (tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis and tubulointerstitial inflammation) than in those without TI lesion. It was significantly and positively correlated with the global glomerulosclerosis rate and significantly and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate not only at the time of renal biopsy but also at the end of the follow-up period. Double stainings for plasmin activity and inflammatory cells, cytokeratin, or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in selected patients revealed TI infiltration of inflammatory cells, attenuated tubular epithelial expression of cytokeratin, and augmented interstitial expression of α-SMA close to upregulated plasmin activity in the TI space. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TI plasmin is associated with TI inflammation leading to renal fibrosis, and can cause the decline in renal function seen in patients with IgAN. Reducing plasmin in situ may therefore be a promising therapeutic approach slowing renal fibrogenesis and improving renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takashi Oda
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Takechi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sakurai
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takako Kono
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimazaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tamai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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4
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Hertle E, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Arts ICW, van der Kallen CJH, Feskens EJM, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Complement activation products C5a and sC5b-9 are associated with low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, but not with atherosclerosis in a cross-sectional analysis: the CODAM study. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:400-3. [PMID: 24794956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Hertle
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I C W Arts
- Department of Epidemiology and School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Løbner M, Leslie RGQ, Prodinger WM, Nielsen CH. Spontaneous complement activation on human B cells results in localized membrane depolarization and the clustering of complement receptor type 2 and C3 fragments. Immunology 2009; 128:e661-9. [PMID: 19740327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While our previous studies have demonstrated that complement activation induced by complement receptors type 2 (CR2/CD21) and 1 (CR1/CD35) results in C3-fragment deposition and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation in human B cells, the consequences of these events for B-cell functions remain unknown. In the present study, we show that CR2-induced complement activation results in membrane depolarization, as indicated by annexin V binding, with kinetics similar to those of C3-fragment deposition and different from those of MAC formation. On the other hand, like MAC formation, depolarization requires activation of complement via the alternative pathway, as indicated by total inhibition upon neutralization of factor D, and is abrogated by combined blockade of CR1 and CR2, but not of either receptor alone. The membrane depolarization is not associated with the apoptosis of B cells, as examined by co-staining with APO-2.7 or by the TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Confocal microscopy revealed that depolarization and C3 deposition, unlike MAC deposition, are limited to restricted areas on the B-cell surface. Double staining revealed a close association between the C3-fragment patches and membrane depolarization, as well as redistribution of lipid rafts to these areas. We propose that these events may play a role in the regulation of B-cell signalling and cross-talk with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Løbner
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Strbian D, Kovanen PT, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Tatlisumak T, Lindsberg PJ. An emerging role of mast cells in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage. Ann Med 2009; 41:438-50. [PMID: 19412821 DOI: 10.1080/07853890902887303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are perivascularly located resident cells of hematopoietic origin, recognized as effectors in inflammation and immunity. Their subendothelial location at the boundary between the intravascular and extravascular milieus, and their ability to rapidly respond to blood- and tissue-borne stimuli via release of potent vasodilatatory, proteolytic, fibrinolytic, and proinflammatory mediators, render MCs with a unique status to act in the first-line defense in various pathologies. We review experimental evidence suggesting a role for MCs in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and hemorrhage. In new-born rats, MCs contributed to brain damage in hypoxic-ischemic insults. In experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, MCs regulated permeability of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema formation, and the intensity of local neutrophil infiltration. MCs were reported to play a role in the tissue plasminogen activator-mediated cerebral hemorrhages after experimental ischemic stroke, and to be involved in the expansion of hematoma and edema following intracerebral hemorrhage. Importantly, the MC-stabilizing drug cromoglycate inhibited MC-mediated adverse effects on brain pathology and improved survival of experimental animals. This brings us to a position to consider MC stabilization as a novel initial adjuvant therapy in the prevention of brain injuries in hypoxia-ischemia in new-borns, as well as in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Significant [C3a] Increase in Free Flaps After Prolonged Ischemia. J Surg Res 2008; 150:125-30. [PMID: 18694577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Strbian D, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Kovanen PT, Tatlisumak T, Lindsberg PJ. Mast Cell Stabilization Reduces Hemorrhage Formation and Mortality After Administration of Thrombolytics in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Circulation 2007; 116:411-8. [PMID: 17606844 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.655423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) improves stroke outcome, but hemorrhagic complications and reperfusion injury occasionally impede favorable prognosis after vessel recanalization. Perivascularly located cerebral mast cells (MCs) release on degranulation potent vasoactive, proteolytic, and fibrinolytic substances. We previously found MCs to increase ischemic and hemorrhagic brain edema and neutrophil accumulation. This study examined the role of MCs in tPA-mediated hemorrhage formation (HF) and reperfusion injury.
Methods and Results—
Exposure to tPA in vitro induced strong MC degranulation. In vivo experiments in a focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats showed 70- to 100-fold increase in HF after postischemic tPA administration (
P
<0.001). Pharmacological MC stabilization with cromoglycate led to significant reduction in tPA-mediated HF at 3 (97%), 6 (76%), and 24 hours (96%) compared with controls (
P
<0.01,
P
<0.001, and
P
<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, genetically modified MC-deficient rats showed similarly robust reduction of tPA-mediated HF at 6 (92%) and 24 (89%) hours compared with wild-type littermates (
P
<0.01 and
P
<0.001, respectively). MC stabilization and MC deficiency also significantly reduced other hallmarks of reperfusion injury, such as brain swelling and neutrophil infiltration. These effects of cromoglycate and MC deficiency translated into significantly better neurological outcome (
P
<0.01 and
P
<0.05, respectively) and lower mortality (
P
<0.05 and
P
<0.05, respectively) after 24 hours.
Conclusions—
MCs appear to play an important role in HF and reperfusion injury after tPA administration. Pharmacological stabilization of MCs could offer a novel type of therapy to improve the safety of administration of thrombolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Weeks C, Moratz C, Zacharia A, Stracener C, Egan R, Peckham R, Moore FD, Tsokos GC. Decay-accelerating factor attenuates remote ischemia-reperfusion-initiated organ damage. Clin Immunol 2007; 124:311-27. [PMID: 17631050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation contributes to the expression of local and remote organ injury in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We demonstrate here that a soluble form of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) protects normal C57Bl/6 and autoimmunity-prone B6.MRL/lpr mice subjected to hindlimb IR from remote intestinal and lung injury without affecting the degree of local skeletal muscle injury. In addition, DAF treatment attenuates remote organ injury in mice subjected to mesenteric IR. Soluble DAF allowed the deposition of complement 3 in local and remote injury sites while it limited the presence of terminal membrane attack complex and did not increase animal susceptibility to sepsis. These data provide evidence that soluble DAF might offer clinical benefit to patients suffering remote intestinal or lung damage in response to muscle or other organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weeks
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Fischetti F, Tedesco F. Cross-talk between the complement system and endothelial cells in physiologic conditions and in vascular diseases. Autoimmunity 2006; 39:417-28. [PMID: 16923542 DOI: 10.1080/08916930600739712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial layer represents a continuous physical barrier that controls coagulation and allows selective passage of soluble molecules and circulating cells across the vessel wall into the tissue. The functional activity of the endothelial cells may be influenced by their interaction with components of the complement system. In this review we shall discuss the complex interplay that can be established between the endothelium and complement proteins or activation products. Endothelial cells may also secrete several complement components which contribute to the circulating pool. This process can be regulated by cytokines and other pro-inflammatory stimuli. In addition, complement activation products stimulate endothelial cells to acquire a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant status. Expression of regulatory molecules on the cell surface provides protection against an undesired attack by complement activation products. Unrestricted complement activation under pathological conditions may lead to structural and functional changes of the endothelium resulting in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fischetti
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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11
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Hong TT, Huang J, Lucchesi BR. Effect of thrombolysis on myocardial injury: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator vs. alfimeprase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H959-67. [PMID: 16243915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00649.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasmin-dependent thrombolytic agents are potentially prothrombotic and proinflammatory. Alfimeprase, a zinc-containing metalloproteinase, degrades fibrin directly and achieves thrombolysis independent of plasmin formation. This study examines the hypothesis that thrombolysis in the absence of plasmin generation results in improved myocardial salvage on reperfusion. The thrombolytic effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [rt-PA; 0.022 mg/kg, 1/10 of which was administered as a loading dose; the rest (9/10) was infused over 60 min by intracoronary (ic) administration] or alfimeprase (0.5 mg/kg over 1 min ic) were evaluated in a canine model of arterial thrombosis involving electrolytic injury of the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery. Both agents induced thrombolysis, with onset of reperfusion being more rapid after alfimeprase compared with rt-PA (1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 10.1 ± 2.1 min). In the absence of adjunctive therapy, time to reocclusion after alfimeprase was 3.2 ± 0.5 min compared with 77.5 ± 31.9 min with rt-PA. The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet receptor antagonist CRL-42796 prolonged reperfusion time after thrombolysis with alfimeprase or rt-PA. The effect of each lytic agent on myocardial infarct size was examined in a separate group of dogs subjected to 60 min of LCX coronary artery ligation and 4 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size, expressed as percentage of the risk region, was larger (32.16 ± 3.95%) after rt-PA compared with alfimeprase (19.85 ± 3.61%) or that of the saline control group (18.46 ± 3.34%). rt-PA in contrast to alfimeprase, a direct-acting fibrinolytic agent, is associated with an increase in myocyte reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., 1301C Medical Science Research Bldg. III, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0632, USA
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12
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Biancone L, Cantaluppi V, Romanazzi GM, Russo S, Figliolini F, Beltramo S, Scalabrino E, Deregibus MC, Romagnoli R, Franchello A, Salizzoni M, Perin PC, Ricordi C, Segoloni GP, Camussi G. Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis and Response on Pancreatic Islet Endothelial Cells: Relevance for Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2006; 81:511-8. [PMID: 16495796 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000200306.51689.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that donor intraislet endothelial cells may survive islet transplantation and participate to the events that influence islet engraftment. However, the mechanisms that regulate islet endothelial behavior in this setting are poorly known. METHODS We obtained immortalized human (hIECs) and mouse (mIECs) islet endothelial cells by transfection with SV40-T-large antigen and studied the synthesis and response to Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a multipotent phospholipid that acts as endothelial mediator of both inflammation and angiogenesis. RESULTS HIECs showed typical endothelial markers such as expression of vWF, CD31, and CD105, uptake of acetylated-LDL and binding to ULE-A lectin. Moreover, they expressed nestin, the PAF-receptor and possess surface fenestrations and in vitro angiogenic ability of forming tubular structures on Matrigel. Likewise, mIECs showed expression of vWF, CD31, nestin, PAF-receptor and CD105, and uptake of acetylated-LDL. HIECs and mIECs rapidly produced PAF under stimulation with thrombin in a dose-dependent way. Exogenous PAF or thrombin-induced PAF synthesis increased leukocyte adhesion to hIECS and mIECs and cell motility of both endothelial cell lines. Moreover, PAF or thrombin-induced PAF synthesis accelerated in vitro formation of vessel-like tubular structures when hIECs are seeded on Matrigel. Notably, gene-microarray analysis detected up-regulation of beta3 integrin gene on hIECs stimulated with PAF, that was confirmed at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS Based on the novel development of immortalized islet endothelium, these results suggest that PAF may have a dual role that links inflammation to angiogenesis in the early events of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Biancone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Center for Experimental Medicine (CeRMS), University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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13
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Harkin DW, Marron CD, Rother RP, Romaschin A, Rubin BB, Lindsay TF. C5 complement inhibition attenuates shock and acute lung injury in an experimental model of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2005; 92:1227-34. [PMID: 16078298 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction. The potential role of a novel C5 complement inhibitor in attenuation of pathological complement activation and tissue injury was explored in a model of RAAA. METHODS Anaesthetized rats were randomized to sham (control) or shock and clamp (SC) groups. Animals in the SC group underwent 1 h of haemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure 50 mmHg or less), 45 min of supramesenteric aortic clamping and 2 h of reperfusion. They were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of a functionally blocking anti-C5 monoclonal antibody (C5 inhibitor), at a dose of 20 mg/kg, or saline. Lung injury was assessed by permeability to 125I-labelled albumin, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mRNAs encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 6. RESULTS The lung permeability index was significantly increased in the SC compared with the sham group (P = 0.032); this was prevented by the C5 inhibitor (P = 0.015). Lung MPO activity was significantly increased in the SC compared with the sham group (P < 0.001), and this increase was attenuated by treatment with the C5 inhibitor (P < 0.001). Semiquantitative RT-PCR in SC group demonstrated downregulation of TNF-alpha mRNA (P = 0.050) and upregulation of IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.001), which were both prevented by the C5 inhibitor (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION These results indicated that C5 complement inhibition can reduce shock and acute lung injury in an experimental model of RAAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Harkin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Hospital (General Division), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Atkinson C, Song H, Lu B, Qiao F, Burns TA, Holers VM, Tsokos GC, Tomlinson S. Targeted complement inhibition by C3d recognition ameliorates tissue injury without apparent increase in susceptibility to infection. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:2444-53. [PMID: 16127466 PMCID: PMC1190375 DOI: 10.1172/jci25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate a pivotal role for complement in mediating both local and remote injury following ischemia and reperfusion of the intestine. Here, we report on the use of a mouse model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury to investigate the strategy of targeting complement inhibition to sites of complement activation by linking an iC3b/C3dg-binding fragment of mouse complement receptor 2 (CR2) to a mouse complement-inhibitory protein, Crry. We show that the novel CR2-Crry fusion protein targets sites of local and remote (lung) complement activation following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury and that CR2-Crry requires a 10-fold lower dose than its systemic counterpart, Crry-Ig, to provide equivalent protection from both local and remote injury. CR2-Crry has a significantly shorter serum half-life than Crry-Ig and, unlike Crry-Ig, had no significant effect on serum complement activity at minimum effective therapeutic doses. Furthermore, the minimum effective dose of Crry-Ig significantly enhanced susceptibility to infection in a mouse model of acute septic peritonitis, whereas the effect of CR2-Crry on susceptibility to infection was indistinguishable from that of PBS control. Thus, compared with systemic inhibition, CR2-mediated targeting of a complement inhibitor of activation improved bioavailability, significantly enhanced efficacy, and maintained host resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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