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Myint PYA, Watanabe S, Okiji T. Comparative Effectiveness of Different Er:YAG Laser-Activated Irrigation Systems on Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Simulated Internal Root Resorption Cavities at Different Root Levels. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024. [PMID: 38836513 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2024.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with a short pulse duration for removing calcium hydroxide (CH) from simulated internal root resorption (IRR) cavities at three root levels. Background: Pulse duration is an important parameter during LAI, which ensures the efficiency of irradiation and the corresponding activation process. Short pulses in the range of a few microseconds enable rapid expansion and successive implosion of irrigants, resulting in distinct fluid movement. There have been few reports on CH removal efficacy from IRR cavities of different LAI systems, including those using short pulse duration. Methods: IRR cavities (1.6 mm diameter) were created at the apical, middle, and coronal root levels in 60 mandibular premolars and filled with a radiopaque CH paste. Samples were assigned to the following irrigation groups (n = 12, each): (1) LAI(P)-F, a prototype laser device that operates with short pulse duration (Morita Manufacturing) with a flat tip; (2) LAI(EA)-F, the ErwinAdverl laser device (Morita Manufacturing) with a flat tip; (3) LAI(EA)-T, the ErwinAdverl laser device with a tapered tip; (4) PIPS-T, the Lightwalker laser device (Fotona) with a tapered tip; and (5) SI, the syringe irrigation group. The laser tips were fixed at the canal entrance. The remaining CH volume and surface area were assessed in IRR cavities using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed utilizing one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. Results: The LAI(P)-F and PIPS-T groups exhibited the highest CH removal rates at three different levels (p < 0.05). The LAI(EA)-F group had a significantly better efficacy of CH removal compared with the LAI(EA)-T group at the middle level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The LAI(P)-F and PIPS-T groups demonstrated superior efficiency in removing CH from simulated IRR cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu Yadanar Aung Myint
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Güven Y, Ali A, Arslan H. Efficiency of Endosonic Blue, Eddy, Ultra X and Endoactivator in the removal of calcium hydroxide paste from root canals. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:32-36. [PMID: 34939722 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficiency of Endosonic Blue, EDDY, Ultra X and EndoActivator in removing calcium hydroxide from artificially created apical grooves in root canal walls. In Materials and Methods: A total of 60 single-root maxillary central incisors, root canals were created and the roots were divided into two longitudinal parts. In the most suitable root piece, artificial grooves were created in the apical section and filled with calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide in the grooves was removed using EDDY, Ultra X, Endosonic Blue or EndoActivator, and the remnants in the grooves were examined under a stereomicroscope. EDDY and Ultra X removed significantly more calcium hydroxide than Endosonic Blue and EndoActivator. The performance of EDDY and Ultra X or Endosonic Blue and EndoActivator was comparable. Therefore, EDDY and Ultra X are more effective than Endosonic Blue and EndoActivator in removing calcium hydroxide from apical grooves in root canal walls. No technique could achieve complete calcium hydroxide removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Güven
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Afzal Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Dental Faculty Department of Endodontics, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Denna J, Shafie LA, Alsofi L, Al-Habib M, AlShwaimi E. Efficacy of the Rotary Instrument XP-Endo Finisher in the Removal of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament in Combination with Different Irrigation Techniques: A Microtomographic Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102222. [PMID: 32408644 PMCID: PMC7288082 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the rotary instrument XP-endo Finisher for the removal of Ca(OH)2 aided by different irrigation regimens. METHODS Sixteen double-rooted upper premolar human teeth were selected for the study. Thirty-two canals were prepared using a ProTaper Next rotary system up to X3. Then, the canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. The volume of Ca(OH)2 inside the canals was measured by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). After that, the teeth were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, i.e., A and B (n = 16 canals). In group A, Ca(OH)2 was removed using the master apical file (X3). In group B, Ca(OH)2 was removed using a XP-endo finisher. In half of both groups (n = 8), syringe irrigation (SI) was used, while passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used for the other half. After removal, the remaining volume of Ca(OH)2 was measured. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The percentages of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the apical thirds of all canals were significantly higher as compared with the middle and coronal thirds in all groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between different files and techniques (p > 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study presents a new method for the removal of Ca(OH)2 from root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Denna
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.D.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Lubna A Shafie
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University affiliated to Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.D.); (M.A.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5-55318481
| | - Mey Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.D.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Emad AlShwaimi
- Endodontic Division, Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Marques‐da‐Silva B, Alberton CS, Tomazinho FSF, Gabardo MCL, Duarte MAH, Vivan RR, Baratto‐Filho F. Effectiveness of five instruments when removing calcium hydroxide paste from simulated internal root resorption cavities in extracted maxillary central incisors. Int Endod J 2019; 53:366-375. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. S. Alberton
- School of Health Sciences Universidade Positivo Curitiba Brazil
| | | | | | - M. A. H. Duarte
- Bauru School of Dentistry Universidade de São Paulo Bauru Brazil
| | - R. R. Vivan
- Bauru School of Dentistry Universidade de São Paulo Bauru Brazil
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Moinzadeh AT, De Moor RJG, De Bruyne MAA. Influence of a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal dressing on the quality of the root canal filling assessed by capillary flow porometry. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1733-1739. [PMID: 29116496 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing (CH) on the short- and long-term sealing ability of the root canal filling using capillary flow porometry (CFP). MATERIALS AND METHODS To verify the repeatability of the method, five obturated specimens were submitted to CFP. Measurements were repeated three times and compared with the non-parametric Friedman test. Forty-five instrumented palatal roots were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: specimens were obturated in one step without placement of any dressing. Group 2: CH was placed and removed after 1 week with syringe irrigation before obturation. Group 3: CH was placed and removed after 1 week with ultrasonic activation before obturation. CFP measurements were conducted at 1 week and 6 months after obturation. The inter-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the intra-group comparison over time using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS In the five specimens, no difference could be detected between the consecutive measurements for minimum, mean flow, and maximum pore diameter indicating repeatability of the method. No difference in sealing ability could be detected neither between the 3 groups at 1 week and at 6 months nor within each group between the 1 week and the 6 months measurements. CONCLUSIONS Placement of a CH did not affect significantly the short- and long-term sealing ability of the root canal filling. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of an intermediary CH does not negatively influence the quality of the root canal filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Teymour Moinzadeh
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahler Laan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Tand-, mond- en kaakziekten, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roeland J G De Moor
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Tand-, mond- en kaakziekten, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke A A De Bruyne
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Tand-, mond- en kaakziekten, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Comparison of different techniques for removal of calcium hydroxide from straight root canals: an in vitro study. Odontology 2017; 105:453-459. [PMID: 28299554 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To compare four different techniques for removal of calcium hydroxide from straight root canals. The present study used the design suggested by Lee et al. (Int Endod J 37:607-612, 32) and van der Sluis et al. (Int Endod J 40:52-57, 17). One-hundred and ten extracted human teeth with straight root canals were prepared to ISO-size 50 and split longitudinally. Two lateral grooves were prepared, filled with calcium hydroxide and the root halves reassembled in a muffle. Calcium hydroxide was removed using one of five techniques: (1) passive ultrasonic irrigation, (2) hydrodynamic irrigation using RinsEndo®, (3) sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator®, (4) motor-driven plastic brush (CanalBrush™), and (5) manual irrigation with a syringe as the control group. Distilled water was used as irrigant. Cleanliness of the grooves was scored under a microscope with 40× magnification. For intraindividual reproducibility and interrater agreement, Cohens Kappa was calculated. Results of scoring were analyzed using a non-parametric test. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were used for irrigation techniques (α = 0.05). Passive ultrasonic irrigation performed significantly better than all other groups in the apical groove. Significant differences were found between RinsEndo and CanalBrush (P = 0.01855) and CanalBrush and syringe irrigation (P = 0.00021). In the coronal groove, passive ultrasonic irrigation performed significantly superior and hand irrigation performed significantly worse than all other groups. A statistically significant interaction was shown between irrigation technique and localization of the groove (P = 0.01358). The coronal grooves showed more remaining calcium hydroxide than the apical grooves. Complete removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal could not be achieved with any of the techniques investigated. The highest degree of cleanliness resulted from the use of passive ultrasonic irrigation.
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Raghu R, Pradeep G, Shetty A, Gautham PM, Puneetha PG, Reddy TVS. Retrievability of calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with three calcium chelators, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, and chitosan from root canals: An in vitro cone beam computed tomography volumetric analysis. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:25-29. [PMID: 28761249 PMCID: PMC5514806 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.209068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study compared the amount of aqueous-based and oil-based calcium hydroxide remaining in the canal, after removal with two different chelators 17% EDTA, 20% Citric acid and 0.2% Chitosan in combination with ultrasonic agitation. Methods and Material: Cleaning and shaping of root canals of 28 mandibular premolar was done and canals were filled either with Metapex or Ca(OH)2 mixed with distilled water. Volumetric analysis was performed utilizing cone beam-computed tomography (CBCT) after seven days of incubation. Ca(OH)2 was removed using either 17% EDTA, 20% Citric acid or 0.2% Chitosan in combination with ultrasonic agitation. Statistical analysis used: Volumetric analysis was repeated and percentage difference was calculated and statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: All the three chelators failed to remove aqueous-based as well as oil-based Ca(OH)2 completely from the root canal. Aqueous-based Ca(OH)2 was easier to be removed than oil-based Ca(OH)2. 0.2% Chitosan in combination with ultrasonics performed better than 17% EDTA and 20% citric acid in removal of Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: Combination of 0.2% Chitosan and ultrasonic agitation results in lower amount of Ca(OH)2 remnants than 17% EDTA, 20% Citric acid irrespective of type of vehicle present in the mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Raghu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Geethu Pradeep
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P M Gautham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P G Puneetha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T V Satyanarayana Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Science, Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bhuyan AC, Seal M, Pendharkar K. Effectiveness of four different techniques in removing intracanal medicament from the root canals: An in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:309-12. [PMID: 26321826 PMCID: PMC4549978 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.161860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques in removing calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) from the root canal. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four freshly extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented using ProTaper rotary instruments. The teeth were longitudinally split into two halves, cleaned of debris. The two halves were then reassembled and filled with Ca(OH)2 and were divided into four groups. In Group I, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 5 mL of 17% of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In Group II, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl and a rotary ProTaper F3 instrument was used. In Group III, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl and agitated using an ultrasonic unit. In Group IV, the teeth were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl and a CanalBrush was used to remove Ca(OH)2. The roots were disassembled, and photographs were taken. The amount of residual Ca(OH)2 was calculated using an image analysis software as a percentage of the total canal surface area. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test. Results: CanalBrush and ultrasonic techniques showed significantly less residual Ca(OH)2 than irrigants and rotary techniques. There was no significant difference between the rotary and irrigant techniques. Conclusion: None of the techniques used were completely able to remove Ca(OH)2 from the root canals. But the CanalBrush and ultrasonic techniques were significantly better than the rotary instrument and irrigant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bhuyan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodotnics, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, India
| | - Mukut Seal
- Department of Dentistry, FAA Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, India
| | - Kartik Pendharkar
- Private Practitioner, Consulatant Endodontist Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Dadresanfar B, Abbas FM, Bashbaghi H, Miri SS, Ghorbani F. Intra-canal calcium hydroxide removal by two rotary systems: A comparative study. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:257-60. [PMID: 26069416 PMCID: PMC4450536 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.157268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The presence of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in the root canal interferes with the apical root canal sealing and may result in periapical lesions in the long run. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of two rotary systems of Race and Mtwo in the removal of Ca (OH)2 aqueous-based from distobuccal canals of human maxillary molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 distobuccal root canals of human maxillary molars were randomly distributed into two groups of 20 canals each and two control groups. Specimens in each group were instrumented with similar master apical rotary (MAR) and flexible files according to the manufacture's guidelines. The Ca (OH)2 paste was placed in canals using # 20 lentulo and radiographs were taken from the two dimensions. The roots were incubated for 1 week at 37°C and 100% humidity and Ca (OH)2 was removed from canals by MAR, afterward. Then, the roots were longitudinally split in halves by diamond disk and chisel without entering the root canals. Photos were taken from the canals’ walls by a stereomicroscope with × 10 magnification. Next, according to a defined scoring system, photos were scored by four endodontists, so that scores 1 and 2 (nonvisible remnants or scattered remnants of Ca(OH)2) were considered as acceptable and scores 3 and 4 (distinct mass or densely-packed mass of Ca(OH)2) were regarded as nonacceptable. Results: The obtained findings indicated that in coronal, middle, and apical portions of the root canal, 45, 60, and 65% of Mtwo specimens and 40, 50, and 55% of specimens prepared by the Race system acquired an acceptable score (1 and 2), respectively. Moreover, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both Mtwo and Race rotary systems with acceptable removal efficiency (score 1 and 2) were similarly able to remove Ca(OH)2
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Dadresanfar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Mashhadi Abbas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shima Sadat Miri
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Vineeta N, Gupta S, Chandra A. Retrievabilty of calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Chitosan from root canals: An in vitro CBCT volumetric analysis. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:454-7. [PMID: 25298647 PMCID: PMC4174706 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.139838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study compared the amount of aqueous-based and oil-based calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 ] remaining in the canal, after removal with two different chelators 17% EDTA and 0.2% Chitosan in combination with ultrasonic agitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cleaning and shaping of root canals of 28 mandibular premolar was done and canals were filled either with Metapex or Ca(OH)2 mixed with distilled water. Volumetric analysis was performed utilizing cone beam-computed tomography (CBCT) after 7 days of incubation. Ca(OH)2 was removed using either 17% EDTA or 0.2% Chitosan in combination with ultrasonic agitation. Volumetric analysis was repeated and percentage difference was calculated and statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Both the chelators failed to remove aqueous-based as well as oil-based Ca(OH)2 completely from the root canal. Aqueous-based Ca(OH)2 was easier to be removed than oil-based Ca(OH)2. 0.2% Chitosan was significantly more effective for removal of oil-based Ca(OH)2 (P < 0.01) while both 17% EDTA and 0.2% Chitosan were equally effective in removing aqueous-based Ca(OH)2 . CONCLUSION Combination of 0.2% Chitosan and ultrasonic agitation results in lower amount of Ca(OH)2 remnants than 17% EDTA irrespective of type of vehicle present in the mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Vineeta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, India
| | - Aditi Chandra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, India
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Türker SA, Koçak MM, Koçak S, Sağlam BC. Comparison of calcium hydroxide removal by self-adjusting file, EndoVac, and CanalBrush agitation techniques: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:439-43. [PMID: 24082574 PMCID: PMC3778627 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study comparatively evaluated the efficacy of self-adjusting file (SAF), Endovac, and CanalBrush irrigant agitation protocols in removing calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) from the root canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular canine teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments to size #40 and dressed with Ca(OH)2. The roots were randomly assigned to four groups according to irrigant agitation protocol used (n = 15). In Group 1: Conventional syringe irrigation (no activation, control); Group 2: Rotary brush agitation (CanalBrush); Group 3: Apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system); and Group 4: Sonic agitation (SAF) were used. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation was done for assessment of Ca(OH)2 removal in the coronal and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P = 0.218). A statistically significant difference was seen between the test groups in Ca(OH)2 removal from the apical third of the canal (P < 0.05). In the coronal third, there was no difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The most efficient Ca(OH)2 removal in apical third was recorded in Group 3 (EndoVac) and Group 4 (SAF) (P < 0.05). In Group 4 (sonic agitation), there was no significantly difference between Ca(OH)2 removal in coronal and apical thirds. Conclusions: SAF and EndoVac showed significantly better performance than CanalBrush and conventional syringe irrigation in removing Ca(OH)2 from apical third of the root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinç Aktemur Türker
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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12
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Nikhil V, Singh V, Singh S. Relationship between sealing ability of Activ GP and Gutta Flow and methods of calcium hydroxide removal. J Conserv Dent 2012; 15:41-5. [PMID: 22368334 PMCID: PMC3284012 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.92605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effect of method of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing removal, on sealing ability of Gutta Flow and Activ GP. Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted mandibular premolars were sectioned at CEJ and canals were prepared with profile 4% rotary file till #40. Canals were filled with calcium hydroxide, coronally sealed with Cavit G and stored at 37°C. After 7 days, samples were divided on the basis of calcium hydroxide removal method (Master apical file, Navi Tip FX, and F File) and obturating material (Activ GP and Gutta Flow). Three coats of nail polish were applied except 2 mm around apical foramen and samples were immersed in India ink dye, sectioned, and observed under stereomicroscope for microleakage. Results: The results were statistically analyzed with one way ANOVA-F with Tukey HSD test with the null hypothesis set as 5%. Conclusions: The seal of the canal system was adversely impacted by residual calcium hydroxide when Activ GP and Gutta Flow were used as obturating material and the sealing ability of Activ GP and Gutta Flow was better when MAF was used for removal of calcium hydroxide than F file or Navi tip FX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Nikhil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, India
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13
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Bramante CM, Pinheiro BC, Garcia RB, Bramante AS, Bernardineli N, de Moraes IG, Húngaro-Duarte MA, Pinheiro TN. Efficacy of the NaviTip FX irrigation needle in removing calcium hydroxide from root canal. J Clin Exp Dent 2012; 4:e226-9. [PMID: 24558560 PMCID: PMC3917629 DOI: 10.4317/jced.50857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the NaviTip FX, brush-covered irrigation needle, in removing calcium hydroxide from the root canal. STUDY DESIGN Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups: A - irrigation with a hypodermic needle inserted as far as possible without binding and activation with #30 K-type file; B - Irrigation with a hypodermic needle without activation; C - irrigation with NaviTip FX needle. Sodium hypoclorite 1% was used in irrigation. The root canals were examined trough scanning electron microscopy. Calcium hydroxide removal was recorded at 1, 5, and 10mm from the working length (WL) and the data were analysed using one-way ANOVA test (p<0.05). RESULTS NaviTip FX and hypodermic needle activated with #30K-type file showed lower score at 10 and 5mm with no significant difference between them. Comparison within groups did not show significant differences. All groups showed significantly better smear layer removal at 5 and 10 mm from the WL. CONCLUSION The apical third (1mm) of the root canal was found to be the most critical site for Ca(OH)2 removal. Key words:Calcium hydroxide, irrigation, scanning electron microscope, NaviTip FX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis M Bramante
- Professor of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru- SP, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto B Garcia
- Professor of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru- SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Bramante
- Professor of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru- SP, Brazil
| | - Norberti Bernardineli
- Professor of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru- SP, Brazil
| | - Ivaldo G de Moraes
- Professor of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru- SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A Húngaro-Duarte
- Professor of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, USP, Bauru- SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Pinheiro
- Professor of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Amazonas State University - Dental School, Manaus-AM, Brazil
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14
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Ebert J, Roggendorf MJ, Frank K, Petschelt A. Antimicrobial activity of various ‘active’ gutta-percha points against Enterococcus faecalis in simulated root canals. Int Endod J 2008; 41:249-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature - part 1. Effects of study characteristics on probability of success. Int Endod J 2007; 40:921-39. [PMID: 17931389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were (i) to conduct a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on the outcome of primary (initial or first time) root canal treatment; (ii) to investigate the influence of some study characteristics on the estimated pooled success rates. METHODOLOGY Longitudinal clinical studies investigating outcome of primary root canal treatment, published up to the end of 2002, were identified electronically (MEDLINE and Cochrane database 1966-2002 December, week 4). Four journals (International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Endodontics Radiology and Dental Traumatology & Endodontics), bibliographies of all relevant papers and review articles were hand-searched. Three reviewers (Y-LN, SR and KG) independently assessed, selected the studies based on specified inclusion criteria, and extracted the data onto a pre-designed proforma. The study inclusion criteria were: longitudinal clinical studies investigating root canal treatment outcome; only primary root canal treatment carried out on the teeth studied; sample size given; at least 6-month postoperative review; success based on clinical and/or radiographic criteria (strict, absence of apical radiolucency; loose, reduction in size of radiolucency); overall success rate given or could be calculated from the raw data. The findings by individual study were summarized and the pooled success rates by each potential influencing factor were calculated for this part of the study. RESULTS Of the 119 articles identified, 63 studies published from 1922 to 2002, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the review: six were randomized trials, seven were cohort studies and 48 were retrospective studies. The reported mean success rates ranged from 31% to 96% based on strict criteria or from 60% to 100% based on loose criteria, with substantial heterogeneity in the estimates of pooled success rates. Apart from the radiographic criteria of success, none of the other study characteristics could explain this heterogeneity. Twenty-four factors (patient and operative) had been investigated in various combinations in the studies reviewed. The influence of preoperative pulpal and periapical status of the teeth on treatment outcome were most frequently explored, but the influence of treatment technique was poorly investigated. CONCLUSIONS The estimated weighted pooled success rates of treatments completed at least 1 year prior to review, ranged between 68% and 85% when strict criteria were used. The reported success rates had not improved over the last four (or five) decades. The quality of evidence for treatment factors affecting primary root canal treatment outcome is sub-optimal; there was substantial variation in the study-designs. It would be desirable to standardize aspects of study-design, data recording and presentation format of outcome data in the much needed future outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Ng
- Unit of Endodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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16
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Lohbauer U, Gambarini G, Ebert J, Dasch W, Petschelt A. Calcium release and pH-characteristics of calcium hydroxide plus points. Int Endod J 2005; 38:683-9. [PMID: 16164681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate calcium ion release and pH-characteristics of calcium hydroxide plus points (CHPP), conventional calcium hydroxide points (CHP, both Coltène/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) and aqueous calcium hydroxide suspension (CHS) (Calxyl, OCO, Dirmstein, Germany). METHODOLOGY Ten CHPP or CHP of size 50 were immersed into 5 mL isotonic sodium chloride solution. Conventional Ca(OH)2-free gutta-percha points served as negative control. Calcium release was measured up to 44 days by means of complexometric titration. Time dependent pH behaviour of all points in comparison with CHS was determined immersing 30 points of size 50 into 2.3 mL 0.9% wt NaCl-solution at time intervals of 0.5-72 h by a microelectrode measuring chain and a pH-meter. The surface morphologies of new and used gutta-percha points were evaluated qualitatively under a scanning electron microscope. Statistical evaluation was carried out using Kolmogorov-Smirnov-tests, Mann-Whitney-tests and multifactorial anova. RESULTS For CHPP, a threefold greater calcium release was measured compared with CHP. Both types of points as well as CHS showed a maximum pH of approximately 12. Differences between groups were statistically significant for calcium release and pH (multifactorial anova; P < 0.001). Both types of points showed porous surfaces after usage, with a rougher surface for CHPP. CONCLUSIONS CHPP and CHP increased the pH of isotonic sodium chloride >11 within 3 min. CHPP had a greater release of Ca2+ compared with CHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lohbauer
- Dental Clinic 1--Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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