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Fink C, Baal N, Wilhelm J, Sarode P, Weigel R, Schumacher V, Nettersheim D, Schorle H, Schröck C, Bergmann M, Kliesch S, Kressin M, Savai R. On the origin of germ cell neoplasia in situ: Dedifferentiation of human adult Sertoli cells in cross talk with seminoma cells in vitro. Neoplasia 2021; 23:731-742. [PMID: 34153645 PMCID: PMC8233172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) is the noninvasive precursor of testicular germ cell tumors type II, the most common cancer in young men, which originates from embryonic germ cells blocked in their maturation. GCNIS is associated with impaired Sertoli cells (SCs) that express fetal keratin 18 (KRT18) and the pluripotency factor SRY-Box transcription factor 2 (SOX2). According to the current theory concerning the origin of GCNIS, these SCs are prepubertal cells arrested in their maturation due to (epi)genetic anomalies and/or environmental antiandrogens. Thus, they are unable to support the development of germ cells, which leads to their maturational block and further progresses into GCNIS. Alternatively, these SCs are hypothesized to be adult cells dedifferentiating secondarily under the influence of GCNIS. To examine whether tumor cells can dedifferentiate SCs, we established a coculture model of adult human SCs (FS1) and a seminoma cell line similar to GCNIS (TCam-2). After 2 wk of coculture, FS1 cells showed progressive expression of KRT18 and SOX2, mimicking the in vivo changes. TCam-2 cells showed SOX2 expression and upregulation of further pluripotency- and reprogramming-associated genes, suggesting a seminoma to embryonal carcinoma transition. Thus, our FS1/TCam-2 coculture model is a valuable tool for investigating interactions between SCs and seminoma cells. Our immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of human testicular biopsies with varying degrees of GCNIS compared to biopsies from fetuses, patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome, and patients showing normal spermatogenesis further suggest that GCNIS-associated SCs represent adult cells undergoing progressive dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Fink
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Nelli Baal
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Poonam Sarode
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Roswitha Weigel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valérie Schumacher
- Department of Urology and Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational UroOncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carmen Schröck
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- University of Münster, Centre of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Kressin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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Barbotin AL, Dossou Gbete F, Prasivoravong J, Marcelli F, Rigot JM, Robin G, Mitchell V. New insights into the morphological and hormonal characteristics of spermatogenic arrest. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13136. [PMID: 30159913 DOI: 10.1111/and.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported sperm retrieval rate (SRR) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) due to spermatogenic arrest (SA) is highly variable in the literature. This discrepancy could be explained by the heterogeneity of testicular tissues. Surprisingly, even though inhibin B levels reflect directly Sertoli cell function; no studies have evaluated this parameter in SA. We aimed to clarify the morphological and biological profile in 158 men with SA. From the total population, patients whose seminiferous tubules diameter was below 165 µm have higher SRR (46.9% vs. 27.4%, p < 0.05), lower inhibin levels and a higher frequency of nonuniform SA (71.9% vs. 38.7%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, patients with late SA and a history of cryptorchidism were positively associated with successful sperm extraction. Patients with successful SRR and uniform SA exhibited inhibin levels twofold lower than those with failed TESE (45 pg/ml vs. 95 pg/ml, p < 0.05), whereas FSH levels were similar in the two groups. In this study, we showed for the first time that the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules may be of value in the diagnosis of SA. Our results suggest that inhibin levels could be useful in the management of NOA with SA, along with FSH levels and testicular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Barbotin
- CHU Lille, Reproductive Biology Institute-Spermiologie-CECOS, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, EA4308 «Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality», Lille, France
| | - Florian Dossou Gbete
- CHU Lille, Reproductive Biology Institute-Spermiologie-CECOS, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Julie Prasivoravong
- Univ. Lille, EA4308 «Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality», Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Department of Andrology, Calmette Hospital, Lille, France
| | - François Marcelli
- Univ. Lille, EA4308 «Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality», Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Department of Andrology, Calmette Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rigot
- Univ. Lille, EA4308 «Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality», Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Department of Andrology, Calmette Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Robin
- Univ. Lille, EA4308 «Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality», Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Department of Andrology, Calmette Hospital, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Department of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Valerie Mitchell
- CHU Lille, Reproductive Biology Institute-Spermiologie-CECOS, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, EA4308 «Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality», Lille, France
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Lepais L, Morel Y, Mouriquand P, Gorduza D, Plotton I, Collardeau-Frachon S, Dijoud F. A novel morphological approach to gonads in disorders of sex development. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1399-1414. [PMID: 27469328 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of sex development are defined as congenital conditions with discordance between the phenotype, the genotype, the karyotype, and the hormonal profile. The disorders of sex development consensus classification established in 2005 are mainly based on chromosomal and biological data. However, histological anomalies are not considered. The aims of this study were to define the specific pathological features of gonads in various groups of disorders of sex development in order to clarify the nosology of histological findings and to evaluate the tumor risk in case of a conservative approach. One hundred and seventy-five samples from 86 patients with disorders of sex development were analyzed following a strict histological reading protocol. The term 'gonadal dysgenesis' for the histological analysis was found confusing and therefore excluded. The concept of 'dysplasia' was subsequently introduced in order to describe the architectural disorganization of the gonad (various degrees of irregular seminiferous tubules, thin albuginea, fibrous interstitium). Five histological types were identified: normal gonad, hypoplastic testis, dysplastic testis, streak gonad, and ovotestis. The analysis showed an association between undifferentiated gonadal tissue, a potential precursor of gonadoblastoma, and dysplasia. Dysplasia and undifferentiated gonadal tissue were only encountered in cases of genetic or chromosomal abnormality ('dysgenesis' groups in the disorders of sex development consensus classification). 'Dysgenetic testes', related to an embryonic malformation of the gonad, have variable histological presentations, from normal to streak. Conversely, gonads associated with hormonal deficiencies always display a normal architecture. A loss of expression of AMH and α-inhibin was identified in dysplastic areas. Foci of abnormal expression of the CD117 and OCT4 immature germ cells markers in dysplasia and undifferentiated gonadal tissue were associated with an increased risk of neoplasia. This morphological analysis aims at clarifying the histological classification and gives an indication of tumor risk of gonads in disorders of sex development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureline Lepais
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Bron, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Morel
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Bron, France
| | - Pierre Mouriquand
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Urologique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Daniela Gorduza
- Service de Chirurgie Urologique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Bron, France
| | - Sophie Collardeau-Frachon
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Bron, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Dijoud
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Bron, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Milazzo JP, Bironneau A, Vannier JP, Liard-Zmuda A, Macé B, Nathalie R. Precocious initiation of spermatogenesis in a 19-month-old boy with Hurler syndrome. Basic Clin Androl 2014; 24:8. [PMID: 25780582 PMCID: PMC4349721 DOI: 10.1186/2051-4190-24-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IH (MPS IH) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed for the treatment of MPS IH patients and offers the possibility to grow into their adulthood. Precocious puberty has been described in few MPS patients. We report, to the best of our knowledge and for the first time, the initiation of the first waves of spermatogenesis fortuitously observed in seminiferous tubules of a pre-pubertal 19-month-old boy, affected by MPS IH and who did not present any clinical signs of precocious puberty. This patient benefited from testicular tissue cryopreservation before HSCT. Seminiferous tubule size, germ cell differentiation and Sertoli cell expression of androgen receptor and anti-müllerian hormone corresponded to the pattern observed in a pubertal boy. The Hurler syndrome may be responsible for the precocious initiation of spermatogenesis. A specific follow-up during childhood may be useful to confirm if such abnormal testis development is common in young boys with MPS IH and if it may lead to precocious onset of puberty in survivors despite HSCT. Furthermore, we have observed that Sertoli cell maturation (up-regulation of AR expression, down-regulation of AMH expression) occurred before the clinical signs of puberty and before the increase of testosterone plasmatic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Milazzo
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory - CECOS, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031 France ; EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", IRIBHN, University of Rouen, Rouen, F-76000 France
| | - Amandine Bironneau
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory - CECOS, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031 France ; EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", IRIBHN, University of Rouen, Rouen, F-76000 France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Service d'Immuno-Hémato-Oncologie pédiatrique, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031 France
| | - Agnes Liard-Zmuda
- Département de chirurgie infantile, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031 France
| | - Bertrand Macé
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory - CECOS, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031 France
| | - Rives Nathalie
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory - CECOS, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, F-76031 France ; EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", IRIBHN, University of Rouen, Rouen, F-76000 France ; Reproductive Biology Laboratory - CECOS, Rouen University Hospital, 1 rue de Germont, Rouen, F-76031 France
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Nistal M, Pastrián LG, González-Peramato P, De Miguel MP. Inhibin bodies: a new marker for immature Sertoli cells. Histopathology 2011; 58:1019-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yu G, Liu Y, Xie L, Wang X. Involvement of Sertoli cells in spermatogenic failure induced by carbendazim. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:287-292. [PMID: 21783954 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether Sertoli cells are involved in spermatogenic failure induced by carbendazim, a benzimidazole fungicide that is widely used in agriculture. Total 40 rats were treated with carbendazim by oral gavage at dosages of 0, 20, 100 and 200mg/kg for 60 days. The testis weight, sperm counts, sperm motility and Sertoli cell morphology and secretions including vimentin, ABP, inhibin B, SCFs and SCFm in testis were examined. In 100 and 200mg/kg groups, the testis weight, the sperm counts and motility and SCFm levels were significantly decreased, the sloughing of germ cells and ABP levels were increased, and the vimentin filaments and Sertoli cell morphology were altered. Inhibin B and SCFs levels were unchanged. The results suggested that alterations of Sertoli cell morphology and function were involved in spermatogenic failure induced by carbendazim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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Nistal M, Paniagua R, Riestra ML, Reyes-Múgica M, Cajaiba MM. Bilateral prepubertal testicular biopsies predict significance of cryptorchidism-associated mixed testicular atrophy, and allow assessment of fertility. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:1269-76. [PMID: 17667553 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e318030979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mixed atrophy of the testis (MAT), a frequent finding in biopsies of formerly cryptorchid and/or infertile patients, is defined as the synchronous occurrence of both seminiferous tubules containing germ cells and Sertoli cell only-tubules in variable proportions. In tubules containing germ cells, different types of abnormalities in spermatogenesis may be seen. The presence of adult spermatids in the biopsy, even in small numbers, correlates with successful spermatozoa retrieval for "in vitro" fertilization techniques. Currently, it is unknown whether precursor lesions of MAT can be identified in cryptorchid patients during childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen formerly cryptorchid adults who had undergone testicular biopsies in childhood had a repeat testicular biopsy to evaluate infertility. In prepubertal biopsies, abnormalities of the testicular parenchyma were classified into types I (slight alterations), II (marked germinal hypoplasia), and III (severe germinal hypoplasia). In postpubertal biopsies, the percentage of tubules containing germ cells and Sertoli cell only-tubules were estimated, as well as the presence of complete spermatogenesis. Abnormalities in spermatogenesis were classified into lesions of the adluminal or basal compartments of seminiferous tubules. RESULTS Comparison between prepubertal and postpubertal biopsies revealed that most specimens developing from type III lesions presented with incomplete spermatogenesis (P<0.0001) and more severe lesions of the germinal epithelium (P=0.049). DISCUSSION Type III lesions correlated with MAT characteristics that confer a worse prognosis for in vitro fertilization. Thus, MAT characteristics may be predicted in prepubertal cryptorchid patients, allowing a fertility prognosis. The pathogenesis of these lesions, and their possible inclusion into the spectrum of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Nistal M, Gonzalez-Peramato P, Regadera J, Serrano A, Tarin V, De Miguel MP. Primary testicular lesions are associated with testicular germ cell tumors of adult men. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30:1260-8. [PMID: 17001157 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213361.10756.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to establish the nature and frequency of testicular lesions in the parenchyma adjacent to testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) to improve understanding of the factors involved in the development of testicular cancer. Fifty-three cases of TGCT that were fixed in both neutral-buffered formalin and Bouin solution, allowing for the nuclear characterization of Sertoli cells (SCs), were included in this study. In each case, at least 3 sections of different areas of preserved parenchyma surrounding the TGCT were studied. We found Leydig cell hyperplasia, microlithiasis, angiopathy, adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis, SC nodules, SC dysgenesis and involution, SC-only tubules, tubular atrophy, adluminal compartment lesions, hypospermatogenesis associated with spermatocyte sloughing, spermatogonial maturation arrest, and hypertrophic and multinucleated spermatogonia. These lesions were found in regions both adjacent and far away from the tumoral mass, and abnormal seminiferous tubules were found intermingled with those showing complete spermatogenesis, suggesting that these lesions are primary and existed before the development of the tumor. Our study suggests that SCs might play a more important role in the development of testicular tumors than previously thought. Our data supports the hypothesis that there is an abnormal differentiation of SCs, caused either by genetic anomalies or by environmental agents during fetal life. This abnormal SC differentiation may cause not only primary spermatogenesis failure and spermatogenesis arrest at different levels, but may also contribute to the poor differentiation of gonocytes into spermatogonia. The abnormal gonocyte differentiation might favor the development of dysplastic germ cells that may later transform into intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- Department of Pathology, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Delgado R, Rathi A, Albores-Saavedra J, Gazdar AF. Expression of the RNA component of human telomerase in adult testicular germ cell neoplasia. Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991101)86:9<1802::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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