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Crystal Protein of a Novel Bacillus thuringiensis Strain Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Leukemic Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9661. [PMID: 31273223 PMCID: PMC6609778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasporal inclusions of a native non haemolytic Bacillus thuringiensis strain KAU 59 was screened for its cytotoxicity against human lymphocytic leukemic cell line jurkat and normal human lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity of proteinase activated and non activated solubilised parasporal inclusions against both cell lines was assessed by Cell Titer 96 Aqueous Non Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay Kit using MTS. The 50 per cent effective concentration (EC50) values were deduced from log probit analysis at 48 h. Morphological changes associated with cytotoxicity were evaluated and molecular mechanisms of cell death were elucidated by TUNEL assay at 48 h post-inoculation. The fluorescence assisted cell sorting was done in the flow cytometer to assess the stage of cell cycle arrest. Relative quantification of caspase-3 expression in Jurkat cells treated with parasporal inclusion protein of KAU 59 was done by qRTPCR The results indicated that the protein was cytotoxic to jurkat cells at the same time non toxic to normal lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity was evident only after proteolytic activation. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed in the protein treated cells by TUNEL Assay and also up regulated caspase-3 gene expression (P < 0.001). S phase cell cycle arrest was confirmed by and fluorescence associated cell sorting.
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Cossentine J, Robertson M, Xu D. Biological Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 109:1071-1078. [PMID: 27106227 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Whole-culture extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner strains were assayed against larval and adult Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an important invasive pest of many thin-skinned soft fruit crops in North America. Of the 22 serovars tested versus larval D. suzukii , strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis , kurstaki , thompsoni , bolivia , and pakistani caused high (75 to 100%) first-instar mortalities. Pupal mortality, measured as a failure of adults to emerge, varied with serovar. The first D. suzukii instar was the most susceptible of the three larval instars to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1. Larval D. suzukii are shielded from crop treatments, as they develop under the skin of infested fruit, and adults would be a more vulnerable target for an efficacious strain of B. thuringiensis . Only one of the 21 B. thuringiensis serovars, var. thuringiensis , prepared as oral suspensions in sucrose for adult D. suzukii ingestion resulted in significant, albeit low mortality within 7 d. It is not a candidate for use in pest management, as it produces β -exotoxin that is toxic to vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cossentine
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Hwy. 97, Summerland, BC, Canada, V0H 1Z0
| | - M Robertson
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Hwy. 97, Summerland, BC, Canada, V0H 1Z0
| | - D Xu
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Blvd., St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada, J3B 3E6
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Djenane Z, Nateche F, Amziane M, Gomis-Cebolla J, El-Aichar F, Khorf H, Ferré J. Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity and the Entomocidal Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Algeria. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E139. [PMID: 28406460 PMCID: PMC5408213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work represents the first initiative to analyze the distribution of B. thuringiensis in Algeria and to evaluate the biological potential of the isolates. A total of 157 isolates were recovered, with at least one isolate in 94.4% of the samples. The highest Bt index was found in samples from rhizospheric soil (0.48) and from the Mediterranean area (0.44). Most isolates showed antifungal activity (98.5%), in contrast to the few that had antibacterial activity (29.9%). A high genetic diversity was made evident by the finding of many different crystal shapes and various combinations of shapes within a single isolate (in 58.4% of the isolates). Also, over 50% of the isolates harbored cry1, cry2, or cry9 genes, and 69.3% contained a vip3 gene. A good correlation between the presence of chitinase genes and antifungal activity was observed. More than half of the isolates with a broad spectrum of antifungal activity harbored both endochitinase and exochitinase genes. Interestingly, 15 isolates contained the two chitinase genes and all of the above cry family genes, with some of them harboring a vip3 gene as well. The combination of this large number of genes coding for entomopathogenic proteins suggests a putative wide range of entomotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Djenane
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, University Dr Yahia Frès, 26000 Médéa, Algeria.
| | - Farida Nateche
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Meriam Amziane
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Joaquín Gomis-Cebolla
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Fairouz El-Aichar
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hassiba Khorf
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Juan Ferré
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
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Patel KD, Chudasama CJ, Ingle SS. Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from diverse habitats of India. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:437-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Khodyrev VP, Kalmykova GV, Burtseva LI, Glupov VV. Characterization of crystal-forming bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tohokuensis toxic to mosquito larvae. BIOL BULL+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359006050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ohgushi A, Wasano N, Shisa N, Saitoh H, Mizuki E, Maeda M, Ohba M. Characterization of a mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain isolated from Okinawa, Japan. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 95:982-9. [PMID: 14633026 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the mosquitocidal activity of parasporal inclusions of the Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain 96-OK-85-24, for comparison with two well-characterized mosquitocidal strains. METHODS AND RESULTS The strain 96-OK-85-24 significantly differed from the existing mosquitocidal B. thuringiensis strains in: (1) lacking the larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens molestus and haemolytic activity, and (2) SDS-PAGE profiles, immunological properties and N-terminal amino acid sequences of parasporal inclusion proteins. CONCLUSIONS It is clear from the results that the strain 96-OK-85-24 synthesizes a novel mosquitocidal Cry protein with a unique toxicity spectrum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of the occurrence of a mosquitocidal B. thuringiensis strain with an unusual toxicity spectrum, lacking the activity against the culicine mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ohgushi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mizuki E, Park YS, Saitoh H, Yamashita S, Akao T, Higuchi K, Ohba M. Parasporin, a human leukemic cell-recognizing parasporal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 7:625-34. [PMID: 10882663 PMCID: PMC95925 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.7.4.625-634.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An unusual property, human leukemic cell-recognizing activity, associated with parasporal inclusions of a noninsecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolate was investigated, and a protein (named parasporin in this study) responsible for the activity was cloned. The parasporin, encoded by a gene 2,169 bp long, was a polypeptide of 723 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 81, 045. The sequence of parasporin contained the five conserved blocks commonly found in B. thuringiensis Cry proteins; however, only very low homologies (<25%) between parasporin and the existing classes of Cry and Cyt proteins were detected. Parasporin exhibited cytocidal activity only when degraded by proteases into smaller molecules of 40 to 60 kDa. Trypsin and proteinase K activated parasporin, while chymotrypsin did not. The activated parasporin showed strong cytocidal activity against human leukemic T cells (MOLT-4) and human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa) but not against normal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mizuki
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Saitoh H, Hwang SH, Park YS, Higuchi K, Mizuki E, Ohba M. Cloning and characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo gene encoding a novel class of the delta-endotoxin protein, Cry27A, specifically active on the Anopheles mosquito. Syst Appl Microbiol 2000; 23:25-30. [PMID: 10879975 DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(00)80042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene encoding a 98-kDa mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin protein, designated Cry27A, was cloned from a Bacillus thuringiensis serovar higo strain. The Cry27A protein contained the five sequence blocks of amino acids commonly conserved in most B. thuringiensis Cry proteins. Relatively high homologies, ranging from 43.0% to 84.4%, existed between the Cry27A protein and several established classes of mosquitocidal Cry proteins (Cry4A, Cry10A, Cry19A, Cry19B, and Cry20A) in the sequence of 51 N-terminal amino acids. The complete sequence of this protein, however, showed low levels (<40%) of amino acid identity to those of the known Cry proteins. Although the expression level of the cry27A gene was low in the transformants under the control of its own promoter, the use of the cyt1A promoter resulted in high-level expression of the gene, leading to the formation of inclusions. The expressed Cry27A protein showed larvicidal activity highly specific for Anopheles stephensi, but lacked the toxicity against Culex pipiens molestus and Aedes aegypti. The results suggest that the Cry27A protein is responsible for the Anopheles-preferential toxicity of the B. thuringiensis serovar higo strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saitoh
- Biotechnology & Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Kurume, Japan
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