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Purification and characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin from Nymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activities. Biosci Rep 2011; 31:465-75. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A lectin (termed NNTL) was purified from the extracts of Nymphaea nouchali tuber followed by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydrophobic chromatography on HiTrap Phenyl HP and by repeated anion-exchange chromatography on HiTrap Q FF column. The molecular mass of the purified lectin was 27.0 ± 1.0 kDa, as estimated by SDS/PAGE both in the presence and in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. NNTL was an o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside sugar-specific lectin that agglutinated rat, chicken and different groups of human blood cells and exhibited high agglutination activity over the pH range 5–9 and temperatures of 30–60°C. The N-terminal sequence of NNTL did not show sequence similarity with any other lectin and the amino acid analysis revealed that NNTL was rich in leucine, methionine and glycine residues. NNTL was a glycoprotein containing 8% neutral sugar and showed toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii with an LC50 value of 120 ± 29 μg/ml and exerted strong agglutination activity against four pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Shigella shiga and Shigella sonnei). In addition, antiproliferative activity of this lectin against EAC (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) cells showed 56% and 76% inhibition in vivo in mice at 1.5 and 3 mg·kg−1·day−1 respectively. NNTL was a divalent ion-dependent glycoprotein, which lost its activity markedly in the presence of denaturants. Furthermore, measurement of fluorescence spectra in the presence and absence of urea and CaCl2 indicated the requirement of Ca2+ for the stability of NNTL.
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Posadas SJ, Caz V, Caballero I, Cendejas E, Quilez I, Largo C, Elvira M, De Miguel E. Effects of mannoprotein E1 in liquid diet on inflammatory response and TLR5 expression in the gut of rats infected by Salmonella typhimurium. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:58. [PMID: 20529359 PMCID: PMC2903505 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mannoproteins are yeast cell wall componend, and rich in mannose. The use of foods rich in mannose as carbohydrate, could have a bioprotective effect against entrobacteria intestinal infection. Nothing is known about mannoproteins' activity in inflammatory bowel processes induced by entrobacteria. This study investigates the effects of mannoprotein administration via a liquid diet on inflammatory response and TLR5 expression during intestinal tissue injury in a rat model of infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Methods Adult Wistar male rats were divided into three groups: control, and mannoprotein E1 at 10 or 15%. Animals were fed with a liquid diet supplemented or not with mannoprotein E1. Groups were infected by intragastrical administration of S. typhimurium. 24 h post-inoculation samples of spleen, ileum and liver were collected for microbiological studies. Gut samples were processed to determine levels of proinflammatory cytokines (mRNA) and TLR5 (mRNA and protein) by quantitative PCR and Western-blot, and the number of proliferative and apoptotic cells determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Ininfected levels of proinflammatory cytokines and TLR5 were higher in untreated controls than in the animals receiving mannoprotein. Proliferation was similar in both groups, whereas apoptosis was higher in controls. Curiosly, the mannoprotein effect was dose dependent. Conclusions Mannoprotein administration in a liquid diet seems to protect intestinal tissue against S. typhimurium infection. This protection seems to expressed as a lower pro-inflammatory response and TLR5 downregulation in gut epithelium, as well as by an inhibition of apoptosis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism by which mannoprotein is able to regulate these responses remain unclear. These results could open up new avenues in the use of mannoproteins as prebiotics in the therapeutic strategy for treatment of inflammatory gut processes induced by microbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinforiano J Posadas
- Experimental Surgery Department, La Paz Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Similar changes in glycosylation occur in the colonic epithelium in inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and also in colon cancer and precancerous adenomatous polyps. They include reduced length of O-glycans, reduced sulfation, increased sialylation and increased expression of oncofetal carbohydrate antigens, such as sialyl-Tn (sialylalpha2-6GalNAc), and the TF antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha-Ser/Thr. The changes affect cell surface as well as secreted glycoproteins and mediate altered interactions between the epithelium and lectins of dietary, microbial or human origin. Different TF-binding lectins cause diverse effects on epithelial cells, reflecting subtle differences in binding specificities e.g. for sialylated TF; some of these interactions, such as with the TF-binding peanut lectin that resists digestion, may be biologically significant. Increased TF expression by cancer cells also allows interaction with the human galactose-binding lectin, galectin-3. This lectin has increased concentration in the sera of patients with metastatic cancer and binds TF on cancer cell surface MUC1 (mucin 1), causing clustering of MUC1 and revealing underlying adhesion molecules which promote adhesion to endothelium. This is likely to be an important mechanism in cancer metastasis and represents a valid therapeutic target. Tools are now available to allow fast and accurate elucidation of glycosylation changes in epithelial disease, characterization of their potential lectin ligands, whether dietary, microbial or human, and determination of the functional significance of their interactions. This should prove a very fruitful area for future research with relevance to infectious, inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the epithelia.
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Luo S, Zhangsun D, Tang K. Functional GNA expressed in Escherichia coli with high efficiency and its effect on Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:184-91. [PMID: 16001253 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mannose-specific GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, snowdrop lectin) are the resistant proteins with many bioactivities. Snowdrop lectin is different with plant organs and development periods in lectin species, content, and bioactivities. It is an effective and cheap way to obtain much active GNA through overexpression of GNA gene in Escherichia coli. Constructs encoding mature GNA fused with an N-terminal pelB signal sequence protein (PelB) were expressed in E. coli with high efficiency. Recombinant protein productivity was higher than values published before. The insecticidal activity of purified recombinant proteins was assayed on feeding sugarcane wooly aphid (Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner), as well as spraying on sugarcane plants infected by aphids. The insecticidal activity was found to be comparable to native GNA. Oral delivery has obvious positive implications for crop protection against insect pests since peptides can be present in, or sprayed on, plant tissues susceptible to damage. A highly efficient expression of functional recombinant GNA would decrease the cost of GNA and promote its wide use, especially to give crop protection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Luo
- Biotechnology Center, Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Robertson JMC, McKenzie NH, Duncan M, Allen-Vercoe E, Woodward MJ, Flint HJ, Grant G. Lack of flagella disadvantages Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis during the early stages of infection in the rat. J Med Microbiol 2003; 52:91-99. [PMID: 12488571 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.04901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of flagella and five fimbriae (SEF14, SEF17, SEF21, pef, lpf) in the early stages (up to 3 days) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) infection have been investigated in the rat. Wild-type strains LA5 and S1400 (fim+/fla+) and insertionally inactivated mutants unable to express the five fimbriae (fim-/fla+), flagella (fim+/fla-) or fimbriae and flagella (fim-/fla-) were used. All wild-type and mutant strains were able to colonize the gut and spread to the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen. There appeared to be little or no difference between the fim-/fla+ and wild-type (fim+/fla+) strains. In contrast, the numbers of aflagellate (fim+/fla- or fim-/fla-) salmonella in the liver and spleen were transiently reduced. In addition, fim+/fla- or fim-/fla- strains were less able to persist in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the inflammatory responses they elicited in the gut were less severe. Thus, expression of SEF14, SEF17, SEF21, pef and lpf did not appear to be a prerequisite for induction of S. Enteritidis infection in the rat. Deletion of flagella did, however, disadvantage the bacterium. This may be due to the inability to produce or release the potent immunomodulating protein flagellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M C Robertson
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Norma H McKenzie
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Michelle Duncan
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Martin J Woodward
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Harry J Flint
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - George Grant
- Gut Microbiology and Immunology Division, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK 2Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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Reynoso-Camacho R, González de Mejía E, Loarca-Piña G. Purification and acute toxicity of a lectin extracted from tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius). Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:21-7. [PMID: 12453724 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins known for their ability to agglutinate cells, especially erythrocytes. Several lectins are toxic to mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, inhibit growth when incorporated into the diet and are toxic when injected into animals. On the other hand, the use of lectins has been suggested as an alternative in cancer treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of a lectin extracted and purified from tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius, G-400-34) on CD-1 mice. Fetuin affinity chromatography, electrophoretic pattern and Western-immunoblot techniques were used to purify and partially characterize the lectin. This tepary bean line presented high levels of lectin activity. Western blot revealed that the sera reacted with the known PHA subunits in the 34-40 kD range. Four major lectin and lectin-related glycopolypeptides were identified. The purified lectin from tepary bean was a tetrameric one that ran at about 115-120 kD. The LD(50) (ip) was 1100 mg/kg body weight for males and 1120 mg/kg body weight for females. The body weight of experimental animals decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The main target organs affected were small intestine, spleen and thymus. The lectin isolated from tepary bean showed affinity towards fetuin, with high agglutination values and low acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reynoso-Camacho
- PROPAC (Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
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Naughton PJ, Mikkelsen LL, Jensen BB. Effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in the pig small intestine in vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3391-5. [PMID: 11472909 PMCID: PMC93033 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.8.3391-3395.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2001] [Accepted: 05/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro intestinal tissue model was developed for the investigation of bacterial association in the pig small intestine under different dietary regimes. In preliminary experiments, jejunal and ileal tissue was taken from Danish Landrace pigs fed standard diet and inoculated with either Salmonella or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Higher numbers of salmonellae associated with the ileal tissues, but the numbers did not reach significance. Hence, jejunal sections were inoculated with nonpathogenic E. coli and ileal sections were inoculated with salmonellae in the presence of mannose or commercial nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) at 2.5%. There was a significant decrease in E. coli associated with the jejunum in the presence of mannose (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in pigs fed a diet supplemented with commercial NDO at 4% there was a significant reduction in the numbers of E. coli in jejunal organ cultures of pigs fed the FOS diet (P < 0.05). There was a reduction, though not a significant one, in the association of Salmonella sp. to the ileal sections of pigs fed the commercial FOS diet. The feeding of commercial GOS or its addition to organ cultures did not affect E. coli or Salmonella numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Naughton
- Microbiology Section, Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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