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de Queiroz VS, Ccahuana-Vásquez RA, Tedesco AF, Lyra L, Cury JA, Schreiber AZ. Influence of the Culture Medium in Dose-Response Effect of the Chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:2816812. [PMID: 27293967 PMCID: PMC4879260 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2816812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of culture medium on dose-response effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm and validate the use of the cation-adjusted-Müller-Hinton broth (MH) for the evaluation of antibacterial activity. Ultrafiltered Tryptone-Yeast Extract Broth (UTYEB) was compared against MH and MH with blood supplementation (MHS). For each medium, six groups (n = 4) were assessed: two negative control groups (baseline 48 and 120 h) and four experimental groups (0.0001, 0.001, 0.012, and 0.12% CHX). S. mutans biofilm grew on glass slides of each media containing 1% sucrose. After 48 h of growth, biofilms of baseline 48 h were collected and the other groups were treated for 1 min, twice a day, for 3 days, with their respective treatments. The media were changed daily and pH was measured. After 120 h, biofilms were collected and dry weight and viable microorganisms were determined. Results showed CHX dose-response effect being observed in all media for all the variables. However, MH and MHS showed higher sensitivity than UTYEB (p < 0.05). We can conclude that the culture medium does influence dose-response effect of CHX on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and that MH can be used for antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salvadego de Queiroz
- Department of Clinical Pathology/School of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alcides Fabiano Tedesco
- São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry and Research Center, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13 Ponte Preta, 13045-755 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luzia Lyra
- Department of Clinical Pathology/School of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Aparecido Cury
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 52, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Zaninelli Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Pathology/School of Medical Sciences, FCM, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Edlund A, Yang Y, Hall AP, Guo L, Lux R, He X, Nelson KE, Nealson KH, Yooseph S, Shi W, McLean JS. An in vitro biofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome. MICROBIOME 2013; 1:25. [PMID: 24451062 PMCID: PMC3971625 DOI: 10.1186/2049-2618-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our knowledge of microbial diversity in the human oral cavity has vastly expanded during the last two decades of research. However, much of what is known about the behavior of oral species to date derives from pure culture approaches and the studies combining several cultivated species, which likely does not fully reflect their function in complex microbial communities. It has been shown in studies with a limited number of cultivated species that early oral biofilm development occurs in a successional manner and that continuous low pH can lead to an enrichment of aciduric species. Observations that in vitro grown plaque biofilm microcosms can maintain similar pH profiles in response to carbohydrate addition as plaque in vivo suggests a complex microbial community can be established in the laboratory. In light of this, our primary goal was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum in order to study the stability, reproducibility, and development of the oral microbiome, and its dynamic response to environmental changes from the community to the molecular level. RESULTS Comparative metagenomic analyses confirmed a high similarity of metabolic potential in biofilms to recently available oral metagenomes from healthy subjects as part of the Human Microbiome Project. A time-series metagenomic analysis of the taxonomic community composition in biofilms revealed that the proportions of major species at 3 hours of growth are maintained during 48 hours of biofilm development. By employing deep pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to investigate this biofilm model with regards to bacterial taxonomic diversity, we show a high reproducibility of the taxonomic carriage and proportions between: 1) individual biofilm samples; 2) biofilm batches grown at different dates; 3) DNA extraction techniques and 4) research laboratories. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that we now have the capability to grow stable oral microbial in vitro biofilms containing more than one hundred operational taxonomic units (OTU) which represent 60-80% of the original inoculum OTU richness. Previously uncultivated Human Oral Taxa (HOT) were identified in the biofilms and contributed to approximately one-third of the totally captured 16S rRNA gene diversity. To our knowledge, this represents the highest oral bacterial diversity reported for an in vitro model system so far. This robust model will help investigate currently uncultivated species and the known virulence properties for many oral pathogens not solely restricted to pure culture systems, but within multi-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Edlund
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 10355 Science Center Drive, CA 921 21 San Diego, USA
- UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Youngik Yang
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 10355 Science Center Drive, CA 921 21 San Diego, USA
| | - Adam P Hall
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 10355 Science Center Drive, CA 921 21 San Diego, USA
| | - Lihong Guo
- UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Department of Human Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kenneth H Nealson
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 10355 Science Center Drive, CA 921 21 San Diego, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, USC, ZHS 117, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 10355 Science Center Drive, CA 921 21 San Diego, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 10355 Science Center Drive, CA 921 21 San Diego, USA
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