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Rady NA, Bahgat MM, Abdel-Hamid AM. Promising minimally invasive treatment modalities for symptomatic temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:547. [PMID: 36456937 PMCID: PMC9714147 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and clicking are the primary complaints in patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction (DDwR), negatively affecting the patients' quality of life, making the treatment essential. This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) in comparison to anterior repositioning appliance (ARA) for the treatment of DDwR. METHODS A total of 27 patients were randomly allocated to 3 groups; ARA (control group), BTX-A, and LLLT; with 9 patients each. All patients were evaluated before and 3 months after the treatment using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS At 3 months follow-up, all groups showed a significant reduction in pain assessed by VAS (P = 0.007). Measured on MRI, there was a significant improvement in disc position and joint space index (JSI) in BTX-A group (P < 0.001, P = 0.011) and LLLT group (P = 0.002, P = 0.017) in comparison to the control group (P = 0.087, P = 0.066) respectively. As for time of recovery, a statistically significant difference was observed in BTX-A group (P < 0.001) and LLLT (P < 0.001) group in comparison to ARA group, which showed the most prolonged duration for reduction of DDwR symptoms. CONCLUSION We concluded that BTX-A and LLLT could be considered effective alternative treatment modalities to ARA regarding reducing joint pain, clicking, and improving disc position in patients with symptomatic DDwR. TRIAL REGISTRATION This prospective double-blinded RCT has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identification number: NCT05194488, 18/1/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen A. Rady
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Azarita, 21526 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Mariam M. Bahgat
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Azarita, 21526 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Azarita, 21526 Alexandria Egypt
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Classification of temporomandibular joint internal derangement based on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings of 435 patients contributing to a nonsurgical treatment protocol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20917. [PMID: 34686740 PMCID: PMC8536688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective clinical study aimed to establish a new classification system for TMJ internal derangement based on MRI in correlation with clinical findings contributing to a nonsurgical treatment protocol. A consecutive sample of 435 internal derangement patients was enrolled in the study. Clinical and MRI studies were used to establish the new classification system. A total of 747 joints were classified according to our staging system and received treatment according to the associated nonsurgical treatment protocol. The primary outcome variables were maximum voluntary mouth opening and visual analogue scale pain scores. The secondary outcome variable was joint sound. Statistical analysis of the differences between pretreatment and posttreatment measurements showed an increase in mouth opening throughout the study period (P < 0.001 at 12 m posttreatment). Statistical analysis of the VAS scores showed a statistically significant decrease in all study groups during all study periods, with P < 0.0001 at 12 months posttreatment. Statistical analysis of joint sounds showed significant improvement during all study periods. The new classification system is a simple, & reasonable including a detailed description of all the pathologic changes of the joint. The nonsurgical treatment protocol was Simple, effective and specific depending on the pathological changes in joint.
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Casatuto T, Gosselin M, Lerhe B, Vandersteen C, Ehrmann E, Savoldelli C. In-house tooth-supported guide for the injection of botulinum toxin into the lateral pterygoid muscle using Blue Sky Plan software: A technical note. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2021; 122:e77-e80. [PMID: 34157446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is one of the theories postulated to explain anterior disc displacement, which can result in difficulty in jaw opening, jaw protrusion, or jaw-deviation dystonias and interferes with mastication, speech, and swallowing. Injection of botulinum toxin of the LPM is considered a conservative therapeutic modality for this condition. The LPM is a deep facial structure and several techniques have been described that use magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopic, or electromyographic guidance to perform intramuscular botulinum toxin injection safely this to prevent incorrect injection or complications, such arterial bleeding. This study provided a described step-by-step description of the computer-aided design and manufacturing procedure for the fabrication of an in-house guide to simplify the method of botulinum toxin injection in the LPM and ensure accuracy and safety in medical office.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Casatuto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Institute of the Face and Neck, University Hospital of Nice, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - M Gosselin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Institute of the Face and Neck, University Hospital of Nice, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - B Lerhe
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Institute of the Face and Neck, University Hospital of Nice, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - C Vandersteen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Institute of the Face and Neck, University Hospital of Nice, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - E Ehrmann
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Rehabilitation and Facial Pain, Dentistry Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - C Savoldelli
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Institute of the Face and Neck, University Hospital of Nice, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France.
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Ueki K, Moroi A, Takayama A, Yoshizawa K. Change of lateral pterygoid muscle and temporomandibular disc position after bi-maxillary surgery in class II and III patients. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 25:19-25. [PMID: 32661575 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine changes in lateral pterygoid muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc position in classes II and III patients, before and after bi-maxillary surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were comprised of 48 patients (96 sides), 23 of whom were diagnosed as class II and 25 as class III patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). The cross-sectional measurements of the lateral pterygoid muscles were measured at two levels of horizontal plane images (condyle and mandibular notch levels) by computed tomography (CT), before and 1 year after the operation. The relationship between these measurements regarding lateral pterygoid muscle and disc position by magnetic resonance image (MRI) was also examined statistically. RESULTS Preoperatively, class II was significantly larger than class III in condylar angle at the upper level and in long diameter, square, condylar angle, and muscle angle at the lower level (P < 0.05). After 1 year, class II was significantly larger than class III in condylar angle, long diameter, and muscle angle at the upper level and in long diameter, short diameter, square, condylar angle, and muscle angle at the lower level (P < 0.05). TMJ disc position classification correlated significantly with condylar angle at the upper level and long diameter and condylar angle at the lower level (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study suggested that there were differences in the cross-sectional measurements of the lateral pterygoid muscles between class II and class III patients, before and after bi-maxillary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ueki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuoshi, 409-3821, Japan.
| | - Akinori Moroi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuoshi, 409-3821, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuoshi, 409-3821, Japan
| | - Kunio Yoshizawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuoshi, 409-3821, Japan
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Soydan Çabuk D, Etöz M, Akgün İE, Doğan S, Öztürk E, Coşgunarslan A. The evaluation of lateral pterygoid signal intensity changes related to temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:74-79. [PMID: 32052242 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) signal intensity changes related to different degrees of disc status groups using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Four groups were established according to disc displacement of examined temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and opposing TMJ. MRI scans were obtained with a 1.5 T device. The signal intensity was measured from the sagittal slice where midportion of the muscle belly was observed. The regions of interest were placed over the superior and inferior heads of LPM. To normalize differences in signal intensity, signal intensity of the grey matter and white matter of the brain was also measured. Signal intensity ratio (SIR) was calculated. Measurements were performed in both T1- and T2-weighted images. RESULTS In the intergroup comparisons, a statistically significant difference was found for SIR1 sup., SIR1 inf., SIR2 sup. and SIR2 inf. variables (p < 0.01). According to multiple comparison test (Tukey), no significant difference was found between group 0 and group 1 for SIR1 sup., SIR1 inf., SIR2 sup. and SIR2 inf. variables (p > 0.05). For SIR1 sup., SIR1 inf., SIR2 sup. and SIR2 inf. variables, significant differences were found between five binary comparison groups (1-2, 1-3, 2-3, 0-2, 0-3) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, SIR is correlated with the degree of disc displacement. The internal derangement of the opposite joint did not affect SIR of superior and inferior heads of examined LPM in both T1- and T2-weighted images. The inferior head of LPM was also found affected by disc displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Soydan Çabuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Etöz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ethem Akgün
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Doğan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Eren Öztürk
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aykağan Coşgunarslan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Mommaerts MY. On the reinsertion of the lateral pterygoid tendon in total temporomandibular joint replacement surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:1913-1917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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He S, Wang S, Song F, Wu S, Chen J, Chen S. Effect of the use of stabilization splint on masticatory muscle activities in TMD patients with centric relation-maximum intercuspation discrepancy and absence of anterior/lateral guidance. Cranio 2019; 39:424-432. [PMID: 31429383 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1655861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Herpich CM, Leal-Junior ECP, Politti F, de Paula Gomes CAF, Dos Santos Glória IP, de Souza Amaral MDFR, Herpich G, de Azevedo LMA, de Oliveira Gonzalez T, Biasotto-Gonzalez DA. Intraoral photobiomodulation diminishes pain and improves functioning in women with temporomandibular disorder: a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial : Intraoral photobiomodulation diminishes pain in women with temporomandibular disorder. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:439-445. [PMID: 31325122 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intraoral photobiomodulation involving super-pulsed laser (905 nm) combined with red (640 nm) and infrared (875 nm) light-emitting diodes on pain, mandibular range of motion, and functioning in women with myogenous temporomandibular disorder. A randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted involving 30 women with myogenous temporomandibular disorder diagnosed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups (active and sham photobiomodulation). The evaluations involved this use of the visual analog scale, digital calipers, and a functional scale. Photobiomodulation was administered intraorally in the region of the pterygoid muscles, bilaterally, in all participants for a total of six sessions. Evaluations were performed on five occasions: prior to the intervention, immediately after the first session, 24 h and 48 h after the first session, and after the six sessions. Significant differences between groups were found regarding pain (p ≤ 0.01) and functioning (p ≤ 0.04). However, no statistically significant difference was found regarding range of mandibular motion. The findings demonstrate that intraoral photobiomodulation involving super-pulsed laser (905 nm) combined with red (640 nm) and infrared (875 nm) light-emitting diodes diminishes pain and improves functioning but does not exert an influence on mandibular range of motion in women with temporomandibular disorder.Trial registration: NCT02839967.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabiano Politti
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Graciela Herpich
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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The morphological variations of the lateral pterygoid muscle: A systematic review. Ann Anat 2019; 222:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Evaluation of lateral pterygoid muscles in painful temporomandibular joints by signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Oral Radiol 2017; 34:17-23. [PMID: 30484089 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-017-0272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathological changes of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) have been investigated using various modalities, including magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and electromyography. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is an MR sequence that we hypothesized can be used to evaluate abnormalities of the LPM. The purpose of this study was to analyze the FLAIR signal intensity of the LPM in painful temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and investigate the pathological changes of the muscle. METHODS The study was based on 149 TMJs of 77 patients who were referred for MR imaging of the TMJ. Patients rated their degree of pain during chewing and mouth opening using a visual analog scale (VAS). Regions of interest were placed over the superior and inferior heads of the LPM and gray matter on FLAIR sagittal images. Using the signal intensity of gray matter as a reference, the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the LPM was calculated. Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the SIR and the VAS score (p < 0.05). RESULTS A significant correlation was present between the SIR on FLAIR images and the VAS score. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the FLAIR signal intensity of the superior and inferior heads of the LPM significantly increases as TMJ pain becomes more severe. Thus, FLAIR could be useful in assessing the relationship between the MR signals of the LPM and clinical symptoms.
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Three-dimensional lateral pterygoid muscle volume: MRI analyses with insertion patterns correlation. Ann Anat 2016; 208:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu S, Wang M, Ai T, Wang Q, Wang R, Chen W, Pan C, Zhu W. In vivo morphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20160041. [PMID: 27222273 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of morphological and functional evaluation of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in vivo. METHODS: 30 healthy volunteers underwent DTI with the jaw in the rest position, opening and clenching. Diffusion parameters of the superior head of the LPM (SHLP) and the inferior head of the LPM (IHLP) at different jaw positions were calculated. RESULTS: When the jaw was in the rest position, λ3 of the SHLP was significantly lower than that of the IHLP; fractional anisotropy (FA) value of the SHLP was significant higher than that of the IHLP. There was no significant difference in λ1, λ2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. During jaw opening, there was significant increase of all three eigenvalues and ADC value, and significant decrease of FA value both at the SHLP and IHLP. Clenching caused a significant increase in the ADC and all three eigenvalues, and caused a significant decrease of FA at the SHLP. However, at the IHLP, the variations of all diffusion parameters by clenching in the intercuspal position showed no significance when compared with those at rest. CONCLUSION: The morphological and functional changes of LPM fibres caused by jaw movements could be sensitively detected by DTI which may serve as a new and non-invasive method for simultaneously investigating the functional and morphological features of the LPM during jaw movement. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: A new application of DTI is proposed for the morphological and functional evaluation of the LPMs. The results show that the significant change of three eigenvalues indicates the activity of the LPM in a specific jaw movement, a finding that shows the potential value of DTI serving as a new and non-invasive method for investigation of the LPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renfa Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chu Pan
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Guerrero ME, Beltran J, de Laat A, Jacobs R. Can pterygoid plate asymmetry be linked to temporomandibular joint disorders? Imaging Sci Dent 2015; 45:89-94. [PMID: 26125003 PMCID: PMC4483625 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2015.45.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between pterygoid plate asymmetry and temporomandibular joint disorders. Materials and Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involving pain were analyzed and compared with images of 60 age- and gender-matched controls. Three observers performed linear measurements of the lateral pterygoid plates. Results Statistically significant differences were found between measurements of the lateral pterygoid plates on the site that had pain and the contralateral site (p<0.05). The average length of the lateral pterygoid plates (LPPs) in patients with TMD was 17.01±3.64 mm on the right side and 16.21±3.51 mm on the left side, and in patients without TMD, it was 11.86±1.97 mm on the right side and 11.98±1.85 mm on the left side. Statistically significant differences in the LPP length, measured on CBCT, were found between patients with and without TMD (p<0.05). The inter-examiner reliability obtained in this study was very high for all the examiners (0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.98-0.99). Conclusion Within the limits of the present study, CBCT lateral pterygoid plate measurements at the side with TMD were found to be significantly different from those on the side without TMD. More research is needed to explore potential etiological correlations and implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Guerrero
- OIC, OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge Beltran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Post-Graduate School, Universidad Privada Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | - Antoon de Laat
- Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OIC, OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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Mesa-Jiménez JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez J, de-la-Hoz-Aizpurua JL, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Cadaveric Validation of Dry Needle Placement in the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2015; 38:145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Commisso MS, Martínez-Reina J, Ojeda J, Mayo J. Finite element analysis of the human mastication cycle. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 41:23-35. [PMID: 25460400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to propose a biomechanical model that could serve as a tool to overcome some difficulties encountered in experimental studies of the mandible. One of these difficulties is the inaccessibility of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the lateral pterygoid muscle. The focus of this model is to study the stresses in the joint and the influence of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the mandible movement. A finite element model of the mandible, including the TMJ, was built to simulate the process of unilateral mastication. Different activation patterns of the left and right pterygoid muscles were tried. The maximum stresses in the articular disc and in the whole mandible during a complete mastication cycle were reached during the instant of centric occlusion. The simulations show a great influence of the coordination of the right and left lateral pterygoid muscles on the movement of the jaw during mastication. An asynchronous activation of the lateral pterygoid muscles is needed to achieve a normal movement of the jaw during mastication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Commisso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, E-41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Reina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ojeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Juana Mayo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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A novel method for intraoral access to the superior head of the human lateral pterygoid muscle. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:432635. [PMID: 24963484 PMCID: PMC4052112 DOI: 10.1155/2014/432635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background. The uncoordinated activity of the superior and inferior parts of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) has been suggested to be one of the causes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement. A therapy for this muscle disorder is the injection of botulinum toxin (BTX), of the LPM. However, there is a potential risk of side effects with the injection guide methods currently available. In addition, they do not permit appropriate differentiation between the two bellies of the muscle. Herein, a novel method is presented to provide intraoral access to the superior head of the human LPM with maximal control and minimal hazards. Methods. Computational tomography along with digital imaging software programs and rapid prototyping techniques were used to create a rapid prototyped guide to orient BTX injections in the superior LPM. Results. The method proved to be feasible and reliable. Furthermore, when tested in one volunteer it allowed precise access to the upper head of LPM, without producing side effects. Conclusions. The prototyped guide presented in this paper is a novel tool that provides intraoral access to the superior head of the LPM. Further studies will be necessary to test the efficacy and validate this method in a larger cohort of subjects.
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Emara A, Faramawey M, Hassaan M, Hakam M. Botulinum toxin injection for management of temporomandibular joint clicking. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42:759-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Antonopoulou M, Iatrou I, Paraschos A, Anagnostopoulou S. Variations of the attachment of the superior head of human lateral pterygoid muscle. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 41:e91-7. [PMID: 23265808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM), is closely related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and plays a role in the aetiology of temporomandibular disorders. Increased activity of this muscle has been implicated in the anterior displacement of the TMJ disc. However, there is uncertainty about the manner of the LPM attachment to the disc-condyle complex. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the exact anatomy of the attachment of the superior head of the LPM (SLPM) to the disc-condyle complex of the TMJ. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six TMJs were examined - both sides of 18 Greek cadavers (eight males and 10 females, mean age 79.6 years). Examination of the attachment of the SLPM was undertaken viewed under the dissecting microscope. RESULTS Variation in the attachment of the SLPM was categorized into three types: in type I, the SLPM inserted into the condyle and the disc-capsule complex (55.5%). In type II, the SLPM only inserted into the condyle (27.8%). In type III, the SLPM inserted purely into the disc-capsule complex (16.7%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that there are three different attachment types of the SLPM to the disc-condyle complex. The type III variation could be involved in the TMJ pathology. The knowledge of the variations of the SLPM attachment could be useful for precise surgical and pharmaceutical approaches.
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Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of discal attachment of superior head of lateral pterygoid muscle in individuals with symptomatic temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:650-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.07.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Evaluating the correlation between the lateral pterygoid muscle attachment type and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint with an emphasis on MR imaging findings. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:459-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Park J, Song H, Roh H, Kim Y, Lee J. Correlation between clinical diagnosis based on RDC/TMD and MRI findings of TMJ internal derangement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Davies J, Charles M, Cantelmi D, Liebgott B, Ravichandiran M, Ravichandiran K, Agur A. Lateral pterygoid muscle: A three-dimensional analysis of neuromuscular partitioning. Clin Anat 2011; 25:576-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.21298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kalamir A, Bonello R, Graham P, Vitiello AL, Pollard H. Intraoral myofascial therapy for chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011; 35:26-37. [PMID: 22079052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies investigating the efficacy of intraoral myofascial therapies (IMTs) for chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are rare. The present study was an expansion of a previously published pilot study that investigated whether chiropractic IMT and the addition of education and self-care were superior to no-treatment or IMT alone for 5 outcome measures-interincisal opening range, jaw pain at rest, jaw pain upon opening, jaw pain upon clenching, and global reporting of change-over the course of 1 year. METHODS Ninety-three participants with myogenous TMD between the ages of 18 and 50 years experiencing chronic jaw pain of longer than 3 months in duration were recruited for the study. Successful applicants were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) IMT consisting of 2 treatment interventions per week for 5 weeks, (2) IMT plus education and "self-care" exercises (IMTESC), and (3) wait-list control. The main outcome measures were used. Range of motion findings were measured by vernier callipers in millimeters, and pain scores were quantified using an 11-point self-reported graded chronic pain scale. Global reporting of change was a 7-point self-reported scale, balanced positively and negatively around a zero midpoint. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in resting, opening and clenching pain, opening scores, and global reporting of change (P < .05) in both treatment groups compared with the controls at 6 months and 1 year. There were also significant differences between the 2 treatment groups at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that both chiropractic IMT and IMTESC were superior to no-treatment of chronic myogenous TMD over the course of 1 year, with IMTESC also being superior to IMT at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Kalamir
- Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Kalamir A, Pollard H, Vitiello A, Bonello R. Intra-oral myofascial therapy for chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorders: a randomized, controlled pilot study. J Man Manip Ther 2011; 18:139-46. [PMID: 21886424 DOI: 10.1179/106698110x12640740712374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies investigating the efficacy of intra-oral myofascial therapies (IMT) for chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are rare. The objective of this randomized, controlled pilot study was to compare the effects of IMT and the addition of self-care and education over 6 months on four common TMD outcome measures: inter-incisal opening range, jaw pain at rest, jaw pain upon opening, and jaw pain upon clenching. PARTICIPANTS Thirty myogenous TMD participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years, experiencing chronic jaw pain of longer than 3-month duration, were recruited for the present study. INTERVENTION INCLUDED PATIENTS WERE RANDOMIZED INTO ONE OF THREE GROUPS: (1) IMT consisting of two treatment interventions per week for 5 weeks; (2) IMT plus 'self-care' involving education and exercises; and (3) wait list control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Range of motion findings were measured in millimetres by vernier callipers and pain scores were quantified using an 11-point self-reported graded chronic pain scale. Measurements were taken at baseline, 6 weeks post-treatment, and 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant differences in resting, opening, and clenching pain and opening range scores (P<0.05) in both treatment groups compared to control at 6 months. No significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups during the course of the trial. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that IMT alone or with the addition of self-care may be of some benefit in the management of chronic TMD over the short-medium term. A larger scale study over a longer term (1-2 years) may be of further value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Kalamir
- Macquarie Injury Management Group, Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mechanomyographic activity in the human lateral pterygoid muscle during mandibular movement. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 203:157-62. [PMID: 21985760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle has been regarded to be related to the pathological condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the craniomandibular disorders. Because the lateral pterygoid muscle is a deep muscle, a needle electrode is necessary for EMG recordings. The purpose of this study was to establish a non-invasive method for the evaluation of muscle activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle using mechanomyogram (MMG). In three male subjects, surface electromyogram (EMG) in the left masseter muscle, left anterior and posterior belly of the temporal muscle, left anterior belly of the digastric muscle and needle EMG of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid were recorded during mandibular movement tasks simultaneously with the MMG derived from a condenser microphone in the external ear canal. There were significant positive correlations between the needle EMG signal of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the MMG signal for the tasks of static jaw opened position of 30 mm of interincisal distance (p=0.000, R(2)=0.725), static jaw opened position of 40 mm of interincisal distance (p=0.000, R(2)=0.753), 5mm protruded mandibular position (p=0.000, R(2)=0.653), the most protruded mandibular position (p=0.000, R(2)=0803). On the contrary, for the task of maximal clenching, there was no significant correlation between the EMG signal of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the MMG signal. These results suggest that the activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle could be evaluated by the MMG signals recorded in the external ear canal, unless jaw closing major muscles show active contraction.
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Snoeck T, Provyn S, Balestra C, Parlak B, Emonts P, Sesbouë B, Clarys JP. The musculus pterygoïdeus proprius: an in-vivo approach with magnetic resonance imaging. J Anat 2010; 217:679-82. [PMID: 20946540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited understanding of the normal function of the pterygoïdeus proprius muscle and the role that this muscle may have in temporomandibular disorders. Despite a well-described anatomical in-vitro approach to this muscle, there are still difficulties in investigating the fossa pterygopalatina. This study reveals an alternative in-vivo approach by magnetic resonance imaging to visualise the muscle in the fossa pterygopalatina on 78 head halves, describe the connections with the musculus temporalis and pterygoïdeus lateralis as well as report the incidence without dealing with the known inconveniences of the dissection approach. The results show an incidence of 12.82% for the musculus pterygoïdeus proprius equally divided between both genders. Two different types of bridging between the musculus temporalis and musculus pterygoïdeus lateralis were also found: (i) 'O' shape (6.41%) and (ii) 'Y' shape (6.41%). This study suggests the use of magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the different connections between vascular and muscular structures in the fossa pterygopalatina. Further research with this approach to link the appearance of the muscle with neurovascular entrapment syndromes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyl Snoeck
- Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational Physiology, Haute Ecole Paul Henri Spaak, Brussels, Belgium.
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Douglas CR, Avoglio JLV, de Oliveira H. Stomatognathic adaptive motor syndrome is the correct diagnosis for temporomandibular disorders. Med Hypotheses 2009; 74:710-8. [PMID: 19910127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder is a generic and inadequate conception to be used as a diagnosis. It fails to express the etiology or the pathophysiology and it is mainly associated with the anatomical site. Moreover, the clinical condition presents a mandibular motor problem and not a joint problem. The hypothesis presents the new diagnosis stomatognathic motor adaptive syndrome, which comprehend a motor response and the adaptive processes it induces. Inadequate occlusal contacts cause the mandible to shift in order to reach an ideal intercuspal position. The condylar displacements are proportional to such movements. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) receptors respond to the capsular mechanical stress and the information reaches the trigeminal sensory nuclei. The mandibular modified position seems to be relevant information and may interfere with catecholaminergic neurotransmission in basal ganglia. The main motor responses comprise increased jaw muscle tone, decreased velocity of movements and incoordination. The overload of muscle function will produce adaptive responses on many stomatognathic structures. The muscle adaptive responses are hypertonia, pain, fatigue and weakness. Temporomandibular joint presents tissue modification, disc alteration and cracking noise. Periodontium show increased periodontal membrane, bone height loss and gingival recession. Teeth manifest increased wear facets, abfraction and non-accidental fractures. The periodontal and teeth adaptive processes are usually identified as occlusal trauma. The altered stomatognathic functions will show loss of velocity during mastication and speech. Fatigue, weakness in jaw muscle and difficulties to chew hard food are related to hypertonia. Incoordination between stomatognathic muscles groups is found, causing involuntary tongue/cheek biting and lateral jaw movements on speech. Otologic complaints, as aural fullness and tinnitus, are related to the tensor tympani muscle, innervated by the trigeminal nerve.
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Examination of the Heads of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle on the Temporomandibular Joint. J Craniofac Surg 2009; 20:219-23. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e318191d04d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fujita S, Iizuka T, Dauber W. Localization of keratan sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate on the anteriorly displaced human temporomandibular joint disc - histological and immunohistochemical analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2001.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Finden SG, Enochs WS, Rao VM. Pathologic changes of the lateral pterygoid muscle in patients with derangement of the temporomandibular joint disk: objective measures at MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:1537-9. [PMID: 17846207 PMCID: PMC8134364 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (SHLP), which inserts on the anterior disk of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), can spasm, contracting and exerting forward traction on the disk. This mechanism can lead to anterior displacement. In TMJ dysfunction, it is hypothesized that the SHLP will demonstrate morphologic changes with measurable changes in signal intensity related to atrophy or muscular edema, or both. The goal of this study was to evaluate the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) in patients with TMJ dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with displacement of the TMJ disk with and without reduction were identified through a review of radiology reports. Absolute measurements of thickness as well as region-of-interest measurements were placed over the 2 heads of the LPM bilaterally on sagittal T1- and T2-weighted images. Statistically significant differences between the superior and inferior heads of the LPM were calculated with use of a 1-tailed Student t test and were correlated with the degree of disk derangement. RESULTS In patients with disk derangement, significantly increased region-of-interest values on T2- and T1-weighted images were demonstrated within the SHLP. No patients with anatomically normal disks demonstrated a statistically significant difference in region-of-interest values between the superior and inferior heads of the LPMs. CONCLUSION Correlation between increased region-of-interest values and pathologic alteration of the relationship between the condylar head and disk was identified. In patients with displacement of the anterior disk with and without reduction, region-of-interest values were significantly increased, which indicates abnormal signal intensity involving the superior head of the LPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Finden
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19096, USA.
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Bhutada MK, Phanachet I, Whittle T, Wanigaratne K, Peck CC, Murray GM. Threshold properties of single motor units in superior head of human lateral pterygoid muscle. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:552-61. [PMID: 17270143 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The superior head of the human lateral pterygoid muscle (SHLP) may play a similar role in jaw movement as the inferior head (IHLP). OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine whether threshold properties of single motor units (SMUs) within SHLP during jaw tasks were comparable to those identified for IHLP. DESIGN In 24 human subjects, SMUs were recorded intramuscularly from computer-tomography verified sites within SHLP during standardised jaw tasks recorded by a jaw-tracking device. RESULTS Of the 69 SMUs discriminated, 54 were active during contralateral, 52 during protrusive and 8 during ipsilateral jaw movements. The thresholds, at which SMUs commenced firing, decreased (p<0.05) as speed of contralateral or protrusive tasks increased. The data suggest an important role for SHLP in generation and control of contralateral and protrusive jaw movements. A number of lines of evidence were consistent with functional heterogeneity within SHLP. CONCLUSIONS The similarities in SHLP and IHLP functional properties support the proposal that both heads should be regarded as a system of fibers acting as one muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Bhutada
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 3, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Murray GM, Bhutada M, Peck CC, Phanachet I, Sae-Lee D, Whittle T. The human lateral pterygoid muscle. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:377-80. [PMID: 17141177 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the jaw muscles particularly implicated in temporomandibular disorders (TMD), a common form of non-dental chronic orofacial pain, is the human lateral pterygoid muscle. The precise role of this muscle in TMD is unclear as is the nature of the interaction between pain and motor function particularly involving this muscle. This research group has adopted a two-stage approach to studying the effects of pain on motor function. The first is to study normal orofacial motor function through recordings of jaw movement and electromyographic (EMG) activity from a number of jaw muscles (including recordings from the lateral pterygoid muscle; verification of electrode location achieved through computer tomography imaging) during a number of standardised jaw movements. These studies have defined the detailed functional properties of, in particular, the lateral pterygoid muscle, whose physiology and function is not well understood. In summary, the data are consistent with the hypothesis previously proposed that the lateral pterygoid should be regarded as a system of fibres that acts as one muscle, with varying amounts of evenly graded activity throughout its entire range, and with the distribution of activity within the muscle being determined by the biomechanical demands of the task. Our second approach has been to study the effects of experimental masseter muscle pain on the detailed functional properties (e.g., root-mean-square EMG activity) of the jaw muscles, especially the lateral pterygoid muscle. Preliminary data from these pain studies point towards significant effects of human experimental muscle pain on jaw muscle activity and jaw movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Murray
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 3, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Bakke M, Møller E, Werdelin LM, Dalager T, Kitai N, Kreiborg S. Treatment of severe temporomandibular joint clicking with botulinum toxin in the lateral pterygoid muscle in two cases of anterior disc displacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 100:693-700. [PMID: 16301150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel treatment procedure is introduced for severe clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) associated with anterior disc displacement (ADD), using injections with botulinum toxin (BTX-A) in the lateral pterygoid muscle (LP). It has been suggested that ADD may be caused, precipitated, or maintained by LP activity, but the role of the LP in the dynamics of the TMJ clicking is uncertain. The case report includes 2 women, followed with clinical examinations, TMJ imaging, and electromyography (EMG), in whom local anesthetics in the LP could abolish the clicking for several days. BTX-A block of the LP (30 U Botox, given twice under EMG guidance with 6-month interval) temporarily reduced the action of the muscle, but the clicking was permanently eliminated and did not return during the observation period of 1 year, and a small but distinctive positional improvement in the disc-condyle relationship was obtained. However, the precise mechanisms behind the favourable treatment outcome are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Bakke
- Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Oral Physiology, Oral Pathology and Anatomy, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Taskaya-Yilmaz N, Ceylan G, Incesu L, Muglali M. A possible etiology of the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint based on the MRI observations of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 27:19-24. [PMID: 15750717 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-004-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, 115 subjects with TMJ internal derangement (total 230 TMJs) and 21 subjects without clinical symptoms (total 42 TMJs) were included. TMJ disc position and LPM were evaluated using MRI. LPM attachments were categorized into two different types: type 1, where fibers of the superior head of the LPM (SLPM) were attached to the disc and fibers of the inferior head of the LPM (ILPM) were attached to condyle, and type 2, where fibers of the SLPM were attached to the disc and condyle, and fibers of the ILPM were attached to condyle. The presence of muscle atrophy and degeneration were also evaluated. LPM attachments were observed in two different parts. Disc displacements were common in the muscle attachments of both types. Type 1 muscle attachments were seen in 85.9% of all the anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADD) TMJs (total 64 TMJs). Atrophy was seen in a higher proportion (43.7%) in TMJs with ADD (28/64) than in TMJs with normal and anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDR). Out of 74 TMJs with atrophy, 68 had type 1 muscle attachment. Four TMJs had atrophy in both superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid. However, atrophy was not present only in the ILPM. It has been concluded that since the SLPM only attached to the disc in type 1, the disc may displace anteriorly very easily. Therefore, this situation will reduce the function of the SLPM. Reduced muscle function may cause muscle atrophy. The activity of the SLPM may be more reduced since the disc permanently dislocated in TMJs with ADD. Finally, spasm of the LPM causes disc displacement and atrophy and then the degeneration of the LPM may follow disc displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Taskaya-Yilmaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Phanachet I, Whittle T, Wanigaratne K, Klineberg IJ, Sessle BJ, Murray GM. Functional heterogeneity in the superior head of the human lateral pterygoid. J Dent Res 2003; 82:106-11. [PMID: 12562882 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the superior head of the human lateral pterygoid muscle (SHLP) is controversial. Given the non-parallel alignment of some SHLP fibers, the SHLP may be capable of differential activation. The aims were to clarify SHLP activity patterns in relation to location within SHLP. In 18 subjects, SHLP single motor units were intramuscularly recorded at computer-tomography-verified sites during horizontal (e.g., protrusion) and vertical (e.g., opening) jaw tasks (recorded by a jaw-tracking device) and at resting postural jaw position. None of 92 units was active at the resting postural position. Medially located units (21) showed activity during contralateral movement, protrusion, and opening; 5 were also active on jaw closing. There was a significant association between unit location and the number of units active during vertical tasks (i.e., jaw closing and clenching). Analysis of the data suggests differential activation within SHLP and raises the possibility of functional heterogeneity within SHLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Phanachet
- Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 3, Professorial Unit, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Allen EP, Bayne SC, Brodine AH, Cronin RJ, Donovan TE, Kois JC, Summitt JB. Annual review of selected dental literature: Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2002. [DOI: 10.1067/mpr.2002.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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